翻译三级口译综合能力

翻译三级口译综合能力-40（总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟）一、 PartI（总题数：0,分数：0.00）二、 Passage1（总题数:1,分数:10.00）（分数：10.00）（1） .Long,longago,peopledidn"tknowwhattheMilkyWaywas,sotheyexplainedit .（分数：2.00）aswedotodayastheyimaginedVastheystudiedastheBiblesays解析：［听力原文］Thereisprobablynothingmoremysteriousandwonderful-lookingintheskythantheMilkyWay,stretchinglikeabandofjewelsfromoneendoftheskytotheother.Long,longago,whenpeoplegazedatthissight,theywerefilledwithwonderjustasyouaretoday.Butsincetheydidn"tknowwhatitwas,theymadeupallsortsofstrangeandbeautifulconjecturesoftheMilkyWay.Forexample,inearlyChristiantimes,peoplethoughtitwasawayalongwhichtheservantsofGodwentuptoheaven.Someimagineditwasanopeningintheheaven,sothatwehereonearthcouldhaveaglanceofthemagnificentinside.KnowingthefactsabouttheMilkyWay,aswedotoday,doesn"ttakeawayanyofthewonderofit.Thefactsarejustasamazingasany"made-up"idea!Ourgalaxyisroughlylikeawatch,roundandflat.Ifyoucouldgetaboveitandlookdownonit,itwouldlooklikeaverylargewatch.Butweareinsidethegalaxy,andwhenwelookupwearelookingtowardstheedgefrominsidethe"watch".Sowe"seethatedgearoundus.Andsincetherearemillionsofstarsinit,theyappeartousastheMilkyWay.Doyouknowthatthereareatleast3,000,000,000starsinthegalaxy?Andhereisanideaofitssize.Ittakeseightminutesforlightfromthesuntoreachtheearth.Forlightfromthemiddlepointofthegalaxytoreachthesun,ittakesabout27,000years!Thegalaxyturnsaboutitscenterlikeawheel.Fromourpositioninit,ittakesabout200,000,000yearsjusttomakeoneround.［分析］因果关系的找寻和判断。根据原文Butsincetheydidn"tknowwhatitwastheymadeupallsortsofstrangeandbeautifulconjecturesoftheMilkyWay可知由于当时人们不知道银河是由什么构成的，他们便给银河编造了各式各样瑰丽奇妙的故事。由此可见，选项B的说法与原文意思相符，因此该项为正确答案。［解题关键］1）根据表原因的信号词since判断答案信息处；）掌握同义词替换。本题原文中conjectures（猜测）与选项B中imagined意思相同。（2） .InearlyChristiantimes,peoplethoughttheMilkyWaytobeanopeningintheskyfor .（分数：2.00）theservantsofGodtoenterheaventhepeopleonearthtohavealookatthemagnificentsightinitVpeopleonotherstarstotakealookatthebeautyofittheChristiantogouptoheaven解析：［解析］特定信息的找寻和判断。根据题干中关键词InearlyChristiantimes定位至U原文相关信息Someimagineditwasanopeningintheheaven,sothatwehereonearthcouldhaveaglanceofthemagnificentinside艮卩当时人们以为银河是天堂的开口，这样地上的人们便可有机会瞥一眼天堂里壮观的景象，由此可见B项内容与原文意思相符，该项为正确答案。［解题关键］掌握同义词替换。文中haveaglance与选项B中havealook同义。（3） .Whatdoesthegalaxylooklike?（分数：2.00）Ifyouwereaboveitandlookdownonit,itwouldlooklikeaflatandroundwatch.丿Ifyoulookedatitfromitsedge,itwouldlookliketheMilkyWay.Ifyoulookedatitfromitsinside,itwouldlooklikealargewatch.Ifyoulookedup,itwouldlooklikeanightsky.解析：［解析］事实细节的找寻和判断。根据原文Ourgalaxyisroughlylikeawatch，roundandflat．Ifyoucouldgetaboveitandlookdownonit，itwouldlooklikeaverylargewatch可知我们的星系大致像块表，又圆又平。如果你从星系上方向下看，它就像一只巨大的表。由此可见A项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。［解题关键］根据选项方位特点正确定位原文相关信息。（4） .Forlight ,ittakesabout27,000years.（分数：2.00）fromtheearthtoreachthesunfromthesuntoreachtheearthfromthemiddlepointofthegalaxytoreachthesun丿fromthemoontoreachthemiddlepointofthegalaxy解析：［解析］事实细节的找寻和判断。根据原文Forlightfromthemiddlepointofthegalaxytoreachthesun，ittakesabout27，000years可知从星系中点到太阳，光要走上两万七千年。由此可见C项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。［解题关键］根据题干数字迅速定位原文相关信息。（5） .Thegalaxyturns likeawheel.（分数：2.00）roundthesunfromourpositionfromthemiddlepointroundthemiddlepoint丿解析：［解析］事实细节的找寻和判断。根据原文Thegalaxyturnsaboutitscenterlikeawheel可知星系围绕中心转，就像车轮。由此可见D项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。［解题关键］掌握同义词替换。文中turnsaboutitscenter与选项D中turnsaroundthemiddlepoint意思相同。三、Passage2（总题数：1,分数：4.00）（分数：4.00）（1）.Accordingtothepassage,howmanyuniversitiesintheUnitedStatestookpartinthestudy?（分数：0.80）Four. 丿Three.Five.Six.解析：［听力原文］Therearenewfindingsthatpeoplewithinadequatesleeparelikelytogainweight.Researcherssayalackofsleepcanproducehormonalchangesthatincreasefeelingsofhunger.Inonestudy,researchersfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniaandtheUniversityofWisconsinexaminedinformationonmorethanonethousandpeople.Thepeoplehadtakenpartinalong-termstudyofsleepdisorders.Somepeoplesleptlessthanfivehoursanight.Theyhadfifteenpercenthigherbloodlevelsofahormonecalledghrelinthanpeoplewhoslepteighthours.Andtheyhadfifteenpercentlessofthehormoneleptin.Expertssayghrelinhelpsmakepeoplefeelhungry;leptinmakesyoufeelfull.Theresultswerenotaffectedbyhowmuchpeopleexercised.Peoplewhoareawakelongerhavemoretimetoburnenergy.Buttheresearcherssaylossofsleepmayincreasehungerespeciallyforhigh-caloriefoods,sopeoplegainweight.Researchersfoundthatthebestamountofsleepforweightcontrolisseven-point-sevenhoursanight.ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagodidasmallerstudy.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhosleptjustfourhoursanightfortwonightshadaneighteenpercentreductioninleptin.Andtheyhadatwenty-eightpercentincreaseinghrelin.Theyoungmeninthatstudyalsoappearedtowantmoresweetandstarchyfoods.ResearchersfromColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkdidathirdstudy.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhogotlessthanfourhoursofsleepanightwereseventy-threepercentmorelikelytobeoverweight.Thiswascomparedtopeoplewithseventoninehoursofsleep.Theresearcherssaythatforsurvival,thebodymaybedesignedtostoremorefatduringtimeswithlesssleep.［分析］归纳总结。题干：根据文章，美国有几所大学参与了该项研究？原文提到的大学有：StanfordUniversity,UniversityofWisconsin，UniversityofChicago，ColumbiaUniversity。所以选A。.Whydoesalackofsleepcausepeopletogainweight?(分数：0.80)Becausepeopleburnfewercalorieswhentheyareawake.Becausepeoplefeelhungrywhentheylacksleep.丿Becausetheirhormonesstayunchanged.Becausepeopledon"texercisewhentheydon"thaveenoughsleep.解析：［解析］原因结果。题干：为什么缺乏睡眠会导致人们变胖？根据原文“Researcherssayalackofsleepcanproducehormonalchangesthatincreasefeelingsofhunger.”，译文为：研究人员说缺乏睡眠会导致荷尔蒙的变化，这种变化会增强饥饿感。所以选C“因为人们缺乏睡眠时会感到饥饿。”。A选项为“因为在清醒的时候燃烧的卡路里较少。”,选项为“因为他们的荷尔蒙没有改变。”，D选项为“因为人们睡眠不足时不运动。”.Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTtrueaboutthefirststudy?(分数：0.80)Morethan1,000peopletookpartinthestudy.Peoplewhosleptlesshadhigherbloodlevelsofghrelin.Peoplewhosleptmorehadhigherbloodlevelsofleptin.Theamountofexercisecaninfluencetheresultofthestudy.丿解析：.Whatisthebestamountofsleepforweightcontrol?(分数：0.80)8hoursanight.7.7hoursanight.丿7hoursanight.9hoursanight.解析：［解析］数字信息。题干：控制体重需要的最佳睡眠量是多少？根据原文“Researchersfoundthatthebestamountofsleepforweightcontrolisseven-point-sevenhoursanight”，译文为：研究人员发现控制体重所需要的最佳睡眠量为一个晚上7.7个小时。所以选B。.Twogroupsofpeoplearecomparedinthethirdstudy.Theyarepeople (.分数：0.80)withless than5hoursofsleepanightandwith7to9hoursofsleepwhoslept 4hoursanight andwho slept 4hoursfor2nightswithless than4hoursof sleepa night andwith7to9hoursofsleepVwithless than5hoursof sleepa night andwith8hoursofsleep解析：［解析］细节信息。题干：在第三项研究中，两组人做了对比，这两组人分别是？根据原文“Theyfoundthatpeoplewhogotlessthanfourhoursofsleepanight…Thiswascomparedtopeoplewithseventoninehoursofsleep.”，译文为：他们发现一个晚上睡眠少于4小时的人 这和睡眠7到9小时的人做了对比。所以选Co四、Passage3（总题数：1,分数：10.00）（分数：10.00）（1） .Asisstatedinthepassage,learning .（分数：2.00）isgenerallyacomplexbiologicalprocesshasnothingtodowithorganicdevelopmentismostlyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditionsisdirectedtochangesthatcanbeattributedtotrainingV解析：［解析］Allthecharacteristicsandabilitiesapersonacquiresandalldevelopmentalchangesresultfromtwobasic,thoughcomplex,processes:learningandmaturation.Sincethetwoprocessesalmostalwaysinteract,itisdifficulttoseparatetheireffectsfromeachotherortospecifytherelativecontributionofeachtoachild"sdevelopment.Clearly,growthinheightisnotlearnedbutdependsonmaturation,abiologicalprocess.Butimprovementsinmotoractivitiessuchaswalkingdependonmaturationandlearning,andtheinteractionbetweenthem.What,then,arematurationandlearning?Developmentalpsychologistsarenotentirelyinagreement,thoughthereisacommoncoreofacceptedmeaning.Thusalldefinitionsofmaturationstressorganicprocessesorstructuralchangesoccurringwithinanindividual"sbodythatarerelativelyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions,experiences,orpractice.Bymaturation,itismeantdevelopmentoftheorganismasafunctionoftime,orage.Learninghasalsobeendefinedindiverseways,butthetermgenerallyreferstochangesinbehaviororperformanceasaconsequenceofexperience.Learningistheprocessbywhichanactivityoriginatesorischangedthroughtrainingproceduresasdistinguishedfromchangesnotattributabletotraining.Anumberofimportantandstimulatingtheoriesoflearninghavebeenproposed,eachwithitsownsetofprinciplesandhypothesesforexplainingthelearningprocess.Forourpurposes,wedonotneedtobeconcernedwiththespecificdetailsofthelearningprocess,eventhoughlearningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange.Weshallemployonlyafewgenerallyacceptedprinciplesoflearninginthisdiscussion.Specifically,weaccepttheprinciplethatachildwilllearnaresponsemoreeffectivelyandmorethoroughlyifheismotivatedtolearnit.Moreover,hewilllearnaresponsebetterifheisrewardedforlearningit.Accordingtothisview,themorearesponseisrewarded,thestrongeritbecomesandthemorelikelyitistoberepeated."Althoughmostlearninginvolvesmotivationandreward,Ibelievesomelearningdoesoccurwithoutthem.Asfortheinterrelationshipsbetweenmaturationandlearningprocess,ageneralprinciplemaybeprovided:maturationisessentialtolearning.［分析］语义的理解和判断。根据题干关键词learning定位到原文相关信息Learningistheprocessbywhichanactivityoriginatesorischangedthroughtrainingproceduresasdistinguishedfromchangesnotattributabletotraining可知学习是指通过训练过程使活动产生或变化，以与不经过训练产生的变化相区分。由此可判断D项内容与原文意思相符，是正确答案。［解题关键］掌握语句结构，理解句子含义是解题的关键。（2） .Achild"sdevelopmentdependson .（分数：2.00）learningprocessinparticulareitherofthetwoprocessesC・theinteractionsbetweenthetwoprocessesVD.maturationprocessinthemain解析：［解析］推理判断题。根据原文Sincethetwoprocessesalmostalwaysinteract,itisdifficulttoseparatetheireffectsfromeachotherortospecifytherelativecontributionofeachtoachild"sdevelopment可知成熟和学习两个过程总是密切作用的，因此区分两者的作用或明确在儿童发展中各自的贡献是非常难的。由此可推断，儿童的发展依靠两个过程的相互作用。因此C项说法与原文相符，是正确答案。［解题关键］掌握关键表达的反复出现。本题原文中interact和itisdifficulttoseparate/specify的意思相当，几个表达的反复使用强调了两个过程相互作用的重要性，因此与interact有关的选项应是重点考虑内容。（3） .WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（分数：2.00）A・Growthinheightofabodyisanexampleofmaturation・Maturationisthedevelopmentoforganizationasafunctionoftimeorage.Maturationisaprocessofaccumulationofpersonalexperience.VLearningplaysavitalroleinchangesofachild"sbehavior.解析：［解析］语义理解题。根据原文Thusalldefinitionsofmaturationstressorganicprocessesorstructuralchangesoccurringwithinanindividual"sbodythatarerelativelyindependentofexternalenvironmentalconditions，experiences，orpractice可知成熟强调生物过程或身体内部发生的结构性变化，该过程相对独立于个人的外部环境条件、经验或实践。由此可见，成熟是个人经验的积累过程是不对的。因此C项与原文意思不符，是正确答案。［解题关键］掌握语句结构是解题的关键。本题原文中that引导定语从句，补充说明成熟的核心含义生物过程或结构性变化。（4） .Intheauthor"sopinion, .（分数：2.00）learningplaysanimportantpartinmostaspectsofachild"sdevelopmentandchangeVtherearehardlyanyprinciplesoflearningwhicharegenerallyacceptedachildneverlearnsanythingunlesshehassomeneedordesireforitachildshouldnotberewardeduntilhehaslearnedaresponse解析：［解析］观点态度题。根据原文wedonotneedtobeconcernedwiththespecificdetailsofthelearningprocesseventhoughlearningplaysthemostimportantroleinmostaspectsofdevelopmentandchange可知即便学习在（儿童）的发展和变化的大部分方面起最为重要的作用，我们也不必关心学习过程的特定细节。由此可判断，作者认为学习在（儿童）的发展和变化的大部分方面起最为重要的作用。因此选项A的说法与原文相符，是正确的。［解题关键］掌握句子结构，有助于了解语句的正确含义。本题原文中eventhough引导的让步状语从句表明了讲话者的观点。（5） .Thesubjectdiscussedinthepassagemainlybelongstotherealmof .（分数：2.00）psychologicalbiologydevelopmentalpsychologyVbiologicalpsychologyevolutionalphysiology解析：［解析］推理判断题。题干问本文讨论的内容属于什么领域。讲话者从发展心理学的角度阐释了成熟过程和学习过程两个过程的含义，并着重讨论了两过程相互作用关系对儿童发展和变化的重要影响。由此可推断B项内容与原文主要讨论的内容相符，因此该项是正确答案。［解题关键］掌握重要词语的归类。原文中与development相关的词语反复出现，而且原文在阐释成熟过程时，明确指出其依据出于developmentalpsychologists。五、Part11（总题数：1,分数：20.00）AdelegationofAmericanofficialsappearedbeforeaninternationallegalpanelon丄toarguethatinitsfight_2,theUnitedStateshadnotviolateditstreatyobligations加3thetortureofprisoners.Itwasthe.4sinceSept・11,2001,thataUnitedStatesdelegationhadansweredquestionsfroman5_aboutabusesbysoldiersand6Thedelegation"sreporttothe7panel,whichwasmeetinginGeneva,didnotbreaknewground・Theofficialscontendedthatdespiteinstancesof8inAfghanistan,IraqandGuantanamoBay,匹theUnitedStateshasnotsystematicallymistreated10andremained11toaglobalbanontorture・UndertheConventionAgainstTorture,a12treatythatisacenterpieceofinternational.13law,theUnitedStateswassupposedtohave14totheUnitedNationspanelonitscomplianceby15・Thepanel,knownasthe16,willreviewtheAmericanreportandissuefindingslaterthismonth,butithas17toenforceitsconclusions・Thedelegationincludedmorethan18representativesfromtheState,Defense,19andHomelandSecurityDepartments,butnotfromthe20・AdelegationofAmericanofficialsappearedbeforeaninternationallegalpanelon丄toarguethatinitsfight_2,theUnitedStateshadnotviolateditstreatyobligations3thetortureofprisoners・Itwasthe.4sinceSept・11,2001,thataUnitedStatesdelegationhadansweredquestionsfroman5_aboutabusesbysoldiersand6Thedelegation"sreporttothe7panel,whichwasmeetinginGeneva,didnotbreaknewground・Theofficialscontendedthatdespiteinstancesof8inAfghanistan,IraqandGuantanamoBay,乂，theUnitedStateshasnotsystematicallymistreated10andremained11toaglobalbanontorture・UndertheConventionAgainstTorture,a12treatythatisacenterpieceofinternational一13law,theUnitedStateswassupposedtohave14totheUnitedNationspanelonitscomplianceby15・Thepanel,knownasthe16,willreviewtheAmericanreportandissuefindingslaterthismonth,butithas17toenforceitsconclusions・Thedelegationincludedmorethan18repr