2022年北京地区学位英语考试B卷真题预测答案_第1页
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11月6日北京地区学位英语考试B卷真题预测答案PartIReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Breastfeeding(母乳饲养)foramonthorlongerappearstoreduceawoman'sriskofgettingdiabetes(糖尿病)laterinlife,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebreastfeedinganddiabeteslinkhasbeenreportedinotherstudies,accordingtoresearcherEleanorSchwarz.Yet,herstudymakesthelinkeasiertobelieve.HerstudyispublishedinajournalofmedicineinAmerica.Schwarzandhercolleagueslookedatdataaboutbreastfeedingpractices.Theyevaluateddataon2,233womenfromCalifornia.Ofthose,405werenotmothers,1,125weremotherswhobreastfedforatleastamonth,and703weremotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Theywere40to78yearsold.AccordingtoSchwarz'sstudy,theriskofgettingadiagnosis(诊断)ofType2diabetesforwomenwhobreastfedalltheirchildrenforamonthorlongerwassimilartothatofwomenwhohadnotgivenbirth.Butmotherswhohadneverbreastfedwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhohadnevergivenbirth.Motherswhoneverbreastfedwereabout1.4timesaslikelytodevelopdiabetesaswomenwhobreastfedforonetothreemonths,Schwarzfound.Whileonemonthofbreastfeedingappearstomakeadifference,Schwarzsays,evenlongerisbetter.(76)“Previousstudieshaveshownthelongerthemombreastfeeds,themorebenefitforherbody."Manyexpertsrecommendbreastfeedingforsixmonthsandcontinuingforayear,shesays.Thediabetes-breastfeedinglinkisprobablyexplainedbybellyfat.Mothers,whodon'tbreastfeed,astheygetolder,mayhavemorebellyfat,asbreastfeedinghelpsnewmotherstakeoffweight.“Bellyfatincreasestheriskofdiabetesasyougetolder,”shesays.Thefindingisn'tsurprisingatall,saysKimberlyGregory.Sheoftengivesadvicetowomenwhogetdiabetes(occurringduringpregnancy(怀孕)thattheyareatriskforlatergettingType2diabetesandsuggeststheybreastfeed.ThenewfindingswillprobablyinspireGregorytoaddtotheadviceshegivesmoms-to-beaboutthebenefitsofbreastfeeding.Sheoftenfocusesonthebenefitstothebaby.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Abouttwothousandandtwohundredoldwomentookpartinthestudy.EleanorSchwarz'sresearchprogramwasaboutmenandwomenwhosufferedfromdiabetes.C.Overonefifthsofthewomennevergotmarried.D.EleanorSchwarz'sresultsseemmorereliable.AccordingtoSchwarz'sfindings,whoaremorelikelytogetdiabeteslaterinlife?Thosemotherswhohadneverbreastfed.Thosemotherswhonevergavebirth.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforamonth.Thosemotherswhobreastfedforsixmonths.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldSchwarzagreewith?Breastfeedingisnotadvisablebecauseitisnotgoodforamomtokeepagoodshape.B.Breastfeedingcangreatlyreduceamother'schancesofgettingallkindsofseriousdisease.C.Breastfeedingforamonthishighlyrecommended:thelonger,thebetter.D.Breastfeedingforamonthorlongermakesbabiessmarter.4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“moms-to-be”inthelastparagraph?Womenwhoarepregnant,especiallyforthefirsttime.Womenwhodreamofhavingbabiesforthefirsttime.Womenwhoalreadyhavechildren.Womenwhohavejustgotbabiesforthefirsttime.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A.BreastfeedingMayEnhanceBabies'ChancesofSurvivalBreastfeedingMayLowerMoms'DiabetesRiskC.BreastfeedingMayBecomeVeryFashionableinNearFutureD.BreastfeedingMayHelpWomenLoseWeight.Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Archaeology,likemanyacademicwords,comesfromGreekandmeans,moreorless,“thestudyofoldthings”.So,itisreallyapartofthestudyofhistory.However,mosthistoriansusepaperevidence,suchasletters,paintingsandphotographs,butarchaeologists考古学家)learnfromtheobjectsleftbehindbythehumansoflongago.Normally,thesearethehardmaterialsthatdon'tbreakdownordisappearveryquickly—thingslikehumanbonesandobjectsmadefromstoneandmetal.Itisveryunusualtofindanythingmorethanthehardevidenceofhistory—normally,thebacteria(细菌)intheaireatawayatsoftmaterials,likebodies,clothesandthingsmadeofwood.Occasionally,thingsaredifferent.In1984,twomenmadeanamazingdiscoverywhileworkinginabogcalledLindowMoss,inthenorthofEngland.Abogisaverywetareaofearth,withalotofplantsgrowinginit.Itcanbelikeaverybigandverythickvegetablesoup—walkinthewrongplaceandyoucansinkanddisappearforever.Themenwereworkingwhenoneofthemsawsomethingstickingout—ahumanfoot!Naturally,themencalledthepolice,whothenfoundtherestofthebody.Wasitacaseofmurder?Possibly—buyitwasadeathnearlytwothousandyearsold.ThetwomenhadfoundabodyfromthetimeoftheRomaninvasionofBritain.Despitebeingsoold,thisbodyhadskin,muscles,hairandinternalorgans—thescientistswhoexaminedhimwereabletolookinsidetheman'sstomachandfindthefoodthathehadeatenforhislastmeal!Whywasthismansowellpreserved?(77)Itwasbecausehewasinaverywateryenvironment,safefromthebacteriathatneedoxygentolive.Also,thewaterinthebogwasveryacidic.Theacidpreservedtheman'sskininthewaythatanimalskinispreservedforleathercoatsandshoes.Howdidhedie?Understandably,archaeologistsandotherscientistswantedtoknowmoreaboutthepersonthattheycalled,“LindowMan”.(78)Hishandsandfingernailssuggestedthathehadn'tdoneheavymanualworkinthislife—ecouldhavebeenarichman.Theyfoundthathehadn'tdiedbyaccident.Thearchaeologistsbelievethathewassacrificedtothreedifferentgods.Whichlanguagedoestheword“archaeology”comfrom?French.B.GreekC.Roman.D.German.Theword“these”inthefirstparagraphrefersto.lettersB.photographsC.paintingsD.objectsWhichofthefollowinghelpedtopreserve“LindowMan”?Iceandlowtemperature.B.Bacteriaandoxygen.C.Soilandenergy.D.Acidandwater.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.“LindowMan”wasnamedafterthepersonwhofirstfoundhim.Historiansusuallyusepaperevidence,whilearchaeologistsusehardevidence.“LindowMan”wasfoundbytwoarchaeologistsinthesouthofEngland.“LindowMan”wasgoodatmanualwork.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?WhatIsArchaeology?ArchaeologyandHistoryAnAmazingArchaeologicalDiscoveryTheDeathof“LindowMan”Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife,fromthe18th-centurycafesofLondon,wherecitizensgatheredtodiscusschemistryandpolitics,totheLeftBankbarsofmodernParis,wherePicassotalkedaboutmodernart.Withoutthemetropolis,wemightnothavehadthegreatartofShakespeare.Andyet,citylifeisn'teasy.Nowscientistshavebeguntoexaminehowthecityaffectsthebrain,andtheresultsaredepressing.Justbeinginanurbanenvironment,theyhavefound,impairs(损害)ourbasicmentalprocesses.(79)Afterspendingafewminutesonacrowdedcitystreet,thebrainislessabletoholdthingsinmemory,andsuffersfromreducedself-control.Whileit'slongbeenrecognizedthatcitylifeisexhausting,thisnewresearchsuggeststhatcitiedactuallydullourthinking,sometimesdramaticallyso.Oneofthemainforcesatworkisacompletelackofnature,whichissurprisinglybeneficialforthebrain.Studieshavedemonstrated,forinstance,thathospitalpatientsrecovermorequicklywhentheycanseetreesfromtheirwindows,andthatwomenlivinginpublichousingarebetterabletofocuswhentheirapartmentsoverlookalawn.Eventheseglimpsesofnatureimprovebrainperformance,itseems,becausetheyprovideamentalbreakfromtheurbanlife.Thisresearcharrivesjustashumanscrossanimportantmilestone(里程碑).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themajorityofpeopleliveincities.Insteadofinhabitingwide-openspaces,we'recrowdedintoconcretejungles,surroundedbytrafficandmillionsofstrangers.Inrecentyears,it'sbecomeclearthatsuchunnaturalsurroundingshaveimportantimplicationsforourmentalandphysicalhealth,andcanpowerfullyalterhowwethink.Thisresearchisalsoleadingsomescientiststodabble(涉足)inurbandesign,astheylookforwaystomakethecitylessdamagingtothebrain.(80)Thegoodnewsisthatevenslightalterations,suchasplantingmoretreesintheinnercityorcreatingurbanparkswithagreatervarietyofplants:cansignificantlyreducethenegativesideeffectsofcitylife.Themindneedsnature,andevenalittlebitcanbeabighelp.Whichofthefollowingis

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