2012年职称英语卫生类C级真题及答案

职称英语培训：/kcnet470/职称英语培训：/kcnet470/第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1、Thestormcausedseveredamage.A．physicalB．accidentalC．seriousD．environmental【答案】：C2、ManyformsofcancercanbecuredifdetectedearlyA．selectedB．operatedC．developedD．discovered【答案】：D3、ThestorywaspublishedwiththesolepurposeofsellingnewspapersA．realB．mainC．onlyD．practical【答案】：C4、AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassyA．gatheredB．watchedC．shoutedD．walked【答案】：A5、HekeptinconstantcontactwithhisfamilywhilehewasinAustraliaA．gradualB．regularC．direstD．occasional【答案】：B6、OnthetablewasavasefilledwithartificialflowersA．wildB．freshC．lovelyD．false【答案】：D7、WehadtroublefindingapurewatersupplyA．typicalB．completeC．cleanD．clear【答案】：C8、“Whatdoyoumeanbythat”PaulaskedsharplyA．criticallyB．helplessyC．politelyD．quickly【答案】：A9、SheonlyneedsaminuteamountofmoneyA．certainB．fairC．fullD．small【答案】：D10、KeepyourpassportinasecureplaceA．specialB．goodC．safeD．different【答案】：C11、HeinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesportA．encouragedB．allowedC．calledD．advised【答案】：A12、Didsheaccepthisresearchproposal?A．invitationB．planC．offerD．view【答案】：B13、ThecitycentrewaswipedoutbythebombA．coveredB．destroyedC．reducedD．moved【答案】：B14、I’dliketowithdraw500frommycurrentaccountA．leaveB．payC．putD．draw【答案】：D15、ThecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobviousA．hateB．needC．loveD．pity【答案】：D第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。TinyInvadersThehumanbodyistrulyamazing.Itallowsustosensetheworldaroundus,todoworkandhavefun,andtomovefromplacetoplace.Infact,thehumanbodydoesitsworksowellthatmostpeopledon'tthinkaboutitverymuch--untiltheygetsick.Thegerms（致病菌）thatmakepeoplesickareeverywhere.Youcan'tseethem,butthey'rethere.They'resittingonyourdesk.They'rehidingonyourcomputer'skeyboard.They'reevenintheairthatyouarebreathing.Therearetwotypesofgerms:virusesandbacteria（细菌）.Virusesaregermsthatcanonlyliveinsideanimalsorplants.Virusescauseillnessessuchasfluandmeasles（麻疹）.Bacteriaaretinycreatures.Somebacteriaaregood.Theycanhelpyourstomachbreakdownfood.Otherbacteriaaren'tsogood.Theycan-makeyousick.Bacteriacancausesorethroats（喉痛）andearinfections.Howcanyoustopthesetinyinvadersfrommakingyousick?Yourskinisthefirstdefenseagainstgerms.Youcanpreventsomeillnessessimplybywashing,withsoapandwater.Butgermscanstillenterthebodythroughsmallcutsintheskinorthroughthemouth,eyes,andnose.Oncegermsareinsideyourbody,yourimmune（免疫的）systemtriestoprotectyou.Itlooksforanddestroysgerms.Howdoesitdothat?Specialcellspatrolyourbody.Someofthesecellsactuallyeatgerms!Othercellsmakeantibodies.Anantibodystickstoagerm.Thereisadifferentantibodyforeachkindofgerm.Someantibodieskeepgermsfrommakingyousick.Othershelpyourbodyfindandkillgerms.Afteragermisdestroyed,theantibodiesstayinyourbody.Theyprotectyouifthesamekindofgermcomesback.Thatwayyouwillnotgetthesameillnesstwice.Youcankeepyourbodyhealthybyeatinganutritious（有营养的）diettomakeyourimmunesystemstrong.Youcanalsohelpyourimmunesystemfightgermsbygettingvaccinated（接种）.Vaccinesaremedicines.Theycontaingermsthathavebeenkilledorweakened.Thedeadgermscan'tmakeyousick.Instead,theycauseyourbodytomakeantibodies.Ifthesamegermevershowsupagain,thenyourantibodiesattackit.16.Virusescanonlyliveinsidepeopleoranimals.【答案】：B17.Allbacteriacauseillnesses.【答案】：B18.Washingyourskincanpreventsomeillnesses.【答案】：A19.Germscanenterthebodythroughtheeyes.【答案】：A20.Theheartcontainsthebody'sstrongestmuscle.【答案】：C21.Aftertheykillgerms,antibodiesstayinthebody.【答案】：A22.Vaccinescanmakeyousick.【答案】：B第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Alcoholism1Yes,alcoholismcanbetreated.Alcoholismtreatmentprogramsusebothcounselingandmedication（药物治疗）tohelpapersonstopdrinking.Mostalcoholicsneedhelptorecoverfromtheirdisease.Withsupportandtreatment,manypeopleareabletostopdrinkingandrebuildtheirlives.2Arangeofmedicationisusedtotreatalcoholism.Benzodiazepines（苯二氮平类药物）aresometimesusedduringthefirstdaysafterapersonstopsdrinkingtohelphimorhersafelywithdrawfromalcohol.However,thesemedicationsarenotusedbeyondthefirstfewdaysbecausetheymaybehighlyaddictive.Othermedicationshelppeopleremainsober(清醒）．Onemedicationusedforthispurposeisnaltrexone（环丙甲羟二羟吗啡酮）．Whencombinedwithcounseling,naltrexonecanreducethestrongdesireforalcoholandhelppreventapersonfromreturningtoheavydrinking.Anothermedication,disulfiram（戒酒硫）,discouragesdrinkingbymakingthepersonfeelsickifheorshedrinksalcohol.Thoughseveralmedicationshelptreatalcoholism,thereisno"magicbullet.“Developingnewandmoreeffectivemedicationstotreatalcoholismremainsahighpriorityforresearchers.3Alcoholismtreatmentworksformanypeople.Butjustlikeanychronicdisease,therearedifferentlevelsofsuccessintreatment.Somepeoplestopdrinkingandremainsober.Otherscannotstopdrinkingforanylengthoftime.Withtreatment,onethingisclear,however,thelongerapersonstopsdrinkingalcohol,themorelikelyheorshewillbeabletostaysober.4No,alcoholismcannotbecuredatthistime.Evenifanalcoholichasn'tbeendrinkingforalongtime,heorshecanstillreturntothedrinkinghabit.Toguardagainstit,analcoholicmustcontinuetoavoidallalcoholicdrinks.23、paragraph1_____F______24、paragraph2_____A______25、paragraph3_____D______26、paragraph4_____C______A．Whatmedicationstreatalcoholism?B．Whataredrinkingproblems?C．Canalcoholismbecured?D．Doesalcoholismtreatmentwork?E．whatisalcoholism？F．Canalcoholismbetreated?27、Medicationcanhelpsomepeople__F____28、Disulfiramcanpreventdrinkingbymakingthealcoholic___D____29、Foralcoholismtreatment，thereisnosinglemedicationthatworks___E____30、Thekeytocurealcoholismistoavoidall___B____A．stayconfusedB．alcoholicdrinksC．medicaltreatmentD．feelsickE．ineverypersonF．stopdrinking第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项第一篇GeneticEngineeringGeneticengineeringbeganwhentheDNAmolecule(分子),themostbasicunitoflife,wasfirstdescribedin1953byJamesWatsonandFrancisCrick.AnunderstandingofDNAledtothealteringofnormalcellreproduction.Experimentswithalteringhumancellsbeganin1970.Inoneofthefirstexperiments,patientswereinjectedwithavirusthatwouldproducealife-savingenzyme,buttheirbodieswouldnotacceptit.In1980patientswithararebutfatalblooddiseasewereinjectedwithapurifiedgenethatwasclonedthroughDNAtechnology.Anotherfailure.Geneticengineeringgotalegalboost(激励)in1980.TheU.S.SupremeCourtsaidthatapatentcouldbegrantedonageneticallyengineered"oil-eating"bacterium(细菌).Thisbacteriumwouldhelpcleanupoilspills.Therulingencouragedcompaniestoinventnewlifeforms,andthreeimportantmedicalproductswerequicklydeveloped.lHumaninterferon(干扰素)--apossiblesolutiontosomecancersandviraldisease.Anewlyengineeredbacteriumproducedhumaninterferonasaby-product.Thisnewproductreducedthecostofinterferon.lHumangrowthhormone--forchildrenwhosebodiesdonotgrowtonormalheight.Anexpensivegrowthhormone(荷尔蒙)waspreviouslyproducedfromhumancadavers,butbychangingthegeneticmake-upofthesingle-cellbacteriumE.coli,andaffordablegrowthhormonecouldbeproduced.lHumaninsulin(胰岛素)--forthetreatmentofdiabetes.Peoplewithdiabetesusedtorelyonabeef-orpork-basedproductuntil1982.Nowinsulincanbemanufacturedbygeneticallyalteredbacteria.Advancesingeneticengineeringhavecontinued,thoughtheyconstantlymustbeweightedagainstthesafetyofprocedures.Thereisclearlymuchmoretodiscover.31.ThispassageismainlyaboutA.theeffectsofalteringcells.B.thehumangrowthhormone.C.insulinresistance.D.U.S.SupremeCourtrulings.【答案】：A32.GeneticenginerringmaybedefinedasA.thealteringofnormalcellreproductionB.abranchofappliedchemistry.C.aprocedurethatholdslittlepromise.D.astudyonlife-savingenzymes.【答案】：A33.Accordingtothepassage,humaninterferonA.isahormonethatcausesdisease.B.couldbeusedtotreatcancer.C.isaviraldiseaseD.hasbeencured【答案】：B34.Inthispassage,thethreegeneticallyengineeredmedicalproductsarepresentedA.asaprocess.B.inasimplelist.C.fromearliesttolatest.D.asastory.【答案】：B35.Inthelastparagraph,theword"weighed"hasthecloestmeaningwithA.hadgreatinfluenceB.becameaburden.C.consideredcarefully.D.measuredaccurately.【答案】：C第二篇PuertoRicanCuisine（菜肴）PuertoRico,aCaribbean(加勒比海区)islandrichinhistoryandremarkablenaturalbeauty,hasacuisineallitsown.Immigration（移民）totheislandhashelpedtoshapeitscuisine,withpeoplefromallovertheworldmakingvariouscontributionstoit.However,beforethearrivaloftheseimmigrants,theTainopeoplelivedontheislandofPuertoRicoManyaspectsofTainocuisinecontinuetodayinPuertoRicancooking,butithasbeenheavilyinfluencedbytheSpanish,whoinvadedPuertoRicoin1508,andAfricans,whowereinitiallybroughttoPuertoRicotoworkasslaves.TainocookingstylesweremixedwithideasbroughtbytheSpanishandAfricanstocreatenewdishes.TheSpanishextendedfoodchoicesbybringingcattle,pigs,goats,andsheeptotheisland.Africansalsoaddedtotheisland'sfoodculturebyintroducingpowerful,contrastingtastesindishes.Infact,muchofthefoodPuertoRicoisnowfamousfor-coffee,coconuts,andoranges-wasactuallyimportedbyforeignerstotheisland.AcommonassumptionmanypeoplemakeaboutPuertoRicanfoodisthatitisveryspicy(辛辣的).lt'struethatchilipeppersarepopular;aijcaballeroinparticularisaveryhotchilipepperthatPuertoRicansenjoy.However,milder(微辣的)tastesarepopulartoo,suchassofrito.AsthebaseofmanyPuertoRicandishes,sofritoisasaucemadefromchoppedonions,greenbellpeppers,sweetchilipeppers,andahandfulofotherspices.Itisfriedinoilandthenaddedtootherdishes.36、wholivedinPuertoRicofirstA．theAfricansB．theSpanishC．theAmericansD．theTainopeople【答案】：D37、Inthefirstparagraphtheword“it”referstoA．immigrationB．CaribbeanhistoryC．theisland’snaturalbeautyD．PuertoRicancuisine【答案】：D38、whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．TainodishesareimportantinPuertoRicancookingB．Foodimportedbyforeignersisn’treallyPuertoRicanC．PuertoRicancookinghasmanyoutsideinfluencesD．Africanfoodshaveprobablyhadthemostinfluence【答案】：C39、Howissofritoused？A．ItiseatenbeforemealsB．ItisaddedtootherdishesC．ItisusedwherefoodsaretoospicyD．Itiseatenasamaindish【答案】：B40、whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．softitoisatypeofextremelyspicyfoodB．ManypeoplethinkPuertoRicanfoodisspicyC．PuertoRicancuisineusesalotofchilipeppersD．Aijcaballeroisatypeofchilepepper【答案】：A第三篇Eathealthy"Cleanyourplate!"and"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub1!’’JustabouteverykidintheUShasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it’saccompaniedbyanappeal：“JustthinkaboutthosestarvingorphansinAfrica!2"Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,manypeopleintheUStaketoomanybites3.Insteadofstaying"cleantheplate",perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.Accordingtonewsreports,USrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies.Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.4Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaHealthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantstoservesmallerportions.Now,apparently,somecustomersarecallingforthistoo.TherestaurantindustrytrademagazineQSRreportedlastmonththat57percentofmorethan4,000peoplesurveyedbelieverestaurantsserveportionsthataretoolarge;23percenthadnoopinion;20percentdisagreed.ButacloserlookatthesurveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswhocan’taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions.Seventypercentofthoseearningatleast$150,000peryearprefersmallerportions;butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000wantsmaller.It’snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon’twanttoeathealthy.It’sjustthat,"afterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardlyseemslikeagooddeal.5Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck,happytosavealittlemoneyfornextyear’sChristmaspresents.41、ParentsintheUnitedStatestendtoasktheirchildrenA．nottowastefoodatmealsB．tosavefoodfortomorrowC．towashthedishescleanD．nottoeattoomuchatmeals【答案】：A42、AmericanrestaurantsservelargeportionsbecauseAmericansA．havebigbelliesB．valuequantityC．wantenoughnutritionD．aremostlyrich【答案】：B43、whathappenedinAmericainthe1970S?A．TherestaurantsbegantoservesmallerportionsB．HealthexpertsadvisedpeopletoeatlessC．MayAmericantriedtogetslimD．theAmericawaistlinestartedtoexpand【答案】：D44、whatdoesthesurveyindicate?A．20percentAmericanswantsmallerportionsB．57percentAmericansearn$150.000peryearC．Low-incomeAmericanpreferlargeportionsD．23percentAmericansearnlessthan$25.000peryear【答案】：C45、whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofwalkingclassAmericans?A．theylivefrompaychecktopaycheckB．theydon’thavethehabitofsavingmoneyC．theyworklonghoursD．thewanttobehealthyeaters【答案】：B第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。ForestsforCitiesYouarestandinginabeautifulforestinJapan.Theairiscleanandsmellslikeplantsandflowers.Thereare175differentkindsoftrees,and60kindsofbirdslivehere.___C____(46)YouaredowntowninthecityofNara,Japan,inKasugayamaCitiesaroundtheworldareworkingtoprotecttheirurbanforests.Someurbanforestsareparks,andsomearejuststreetswithalotoftrees.Butallurbanforestshavemanygoodeffectsontheenvironment.____D___(47)Theyalsostopthenoisefromheavytraffic.Theyevenmaketheweatherbetterbecausetheymaketheair3-5degreescooler,andtheystopstrongwinds.Urbanforestsalsohavemanygoodeffectsonpeople.Theymakethecitymorebeautiful.Inacrowdedarea,theygivepeopleaplacetorelaxandspendtimeinnature.___B__(48)Insomecountries,peoplearestartingnewurbanforests.InEngland,therearenow1.3milliontreesinanurbanforestcalledThamesChase,eastofLondon.Itwasstartedin1990,andithasgrownveryfast.Walkingandbicycleclubsusetheforest,andthereareprogramsforchildrenandartists.__E__(49)Someoldercitiesdon'thavespaceforabigurbanforest,butplantingtreesonthestreetsmakesthecitybetter.Scientistsfoundthatcommuters(通勤人员)feelmorerelaxedwhentheycanseetrees.Treesareevengoodforbusiness.___A____(50)Inthefuture,urbanforestswillbecomeevenmoreimportantasourcitiesgrowbigger.Inthemegacities(超大城市)oftomorrow,peoplewillneedmoregreenspacetoliveacomfortablelife.Plantingtreestodaywillmakeourlivesbetterinthefuture.A．PeoplespendmoretimeatshoppingcentersthathavetreesB．Inhotcountries，urbanforestsarecoolplacesforwalkingandotherhealthyexercisesC．ButyouarenotinruralareaD．TreestakepollutionoutoftheairE．In2033，itwillhave5milliontreesF．Ithasmanykindsofbirdsinthecountry第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。GoingonadietAtypicalpersonneedsabout1,800caloriesperdaytostayalive.Thesecalorieskeepyourheart1_______andyourlungsbreathing.Theykeepyourorgansoperating2_______and,yourbrainrunning.Theyalsokeepyourbodywarm.Ape