a-an-the的用法及练习(附答案)(可编辑修改word版)

要点：

冠词a,an,the的用法及练习冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词(The IndefiniteArticle)和定冠词(ThedefiniteArticle)两种。a(an)是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如abook,aman;an用在元音之前，如：anoldman,anhour,aninterestingbook等；the是定冠词；零冠词，是指不使用冠词的情形。一、不定冠词a(an)的用法：表示“一个”,“某一个”,“每一”,“再一,又一”,或“同一,one强烈e.gRomeisnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的。AMr.Smithiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Heusuallyworkseighthoursaday.Youcantryitasecondtimeifyoufail.Theyareofanage./Birdsofafeatherflockstogether.泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一”e.g.Asquarehasfoursides.Acarmustbeinsured.汽车一定要上保险。Asoldiermustobeyorders.军人必须服从命令。当物质名词具体化表示“一（类、阵、份”等；抽象名词具体化为“……的人或者事”时e.g.Greenteaisawonderfultea.Wedon’thavemuchrainhere,butlastnightwehadaheavyrain.Readingisapleasureforme.Themeetingisagreatsuccess.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词，或表示世上独一无二的物体名词前有形容词修饰时e.g.Wehaveaeverycoldwinterlastyear.ThishappenedonarainSundaytowardstheendofMay.Wehopewecanseeafullmoontonight.take/have连用时,属于固定搭配e.g.takealook;takeawalk;haveabreak;haveavisitto…用于某些固定词组中，属于英语习惯用法及固定搭配的情形e.g.allofasudden;asamatteroffact;asaresult;asarule;asawhole;atadistance;inaway;inahurry;inasense;inaword;dosb.afavour;haveagoodtime;haveawordwith;goforawalk;makeadifference;makeafoolofoneself;makealiving;payavisitto;takeaninterestin;tellalie;agood/wiseknowledgeof;adanger/threattosb.;comeasasurprise/shock;wishsb.aMerryChristmas…二、定冠词the的用法：(一)普通名词前加定冠词的用法表示特定的人或物，上文中提到的人或物，说话双方都熟悉的或能领会的人或物e.g.ThepenonthedeskbelongstothegirlstandingbesideBetty.Let’sgotothestationtomeethim.用于单数可数名词前，表示类别，整个族类或某项发明e.g.Thedolphinisanintelligentanimal.ThecompasswasinventedinChinaabout2000yearsago.用于表示方位、自然现象的名词前e.g.Thecoldwindfromthenorthcontributedtothedropofthetemperature.Turntotheright.注：这些词与形容词连用时常用不定冠词。如：afairwind顺风表示世上独一无二的事物前e.g.thesun，theearth，thesun…注：有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词。如：afullmoon;abluesky…表示乐器的名词前e.g.playthepiano,playtheviolin…注：体育运动项目前面不加the，如：playfootball,playbasketball,playvolleyball…用于某些形容词前表示一类人或物e.g.thepoor,therich,theold,theyoung,theliving,thedead,thewounded,thedeaf,theblind,thelearned,theaged,theunemployed,theaccused,theelderly…用于复数姓氏前表示一家人或夫妇二人e.g.theWhites,theGreens,theObamas,theHus…表示世纪、年代的名词前e.g.inthe20thcentury,inthe1980s…only,very,sameright,just等的名词前e.g.Hewastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedtotheballinhisoffice.Lindaisthecleverestgirlinherclass.by表示计量时，其后表示“时间、长度、体积、面积”e.g.Pencilsaresoldbythedozen.Yougetpaidbythehour.表示“抓、打人的某身体部位”时，身体部位的名词前要加定冠词e.g.Thewomantookmebythearm.用于后面带有修饰语句（介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或定语从句）的名词前e.g.TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.Heworkedinthefactorywhichliesintheeastofthecity.用于某些固定短语或句式e.g.intheyear2019,inthemorning/afternoon,inthebeginning,intheend,atthebeginningof;attheendof,atthebackof,inthemiddleof,inthecenterof,inthedistance,attheageof,atthefootof,atthetopof,ontheedgeof,bytheway,bytheendof,intheformof,theotherday,beinthehabitof,have/formthehabitof,taketheplaceof,tothepoint,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,forthetimebeing,inthelongrun,onthedecline,onthemarch…(二)专有名词前加定冠词的情况用于江河、湖泊、海洋、海峡、海湾、群岛、ft脉、沙漠等专有名词前e.g.theYangtzeRiver长江,theRedSea红海(江河海洋的名词前)theTaiwanStraits台湾海峡theGulfofMexico墨西哥湾(海峡海湾的名词前)theAlps阿尔卑斯fttheSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠(用于ft脉沙漠的名词前)用于由普通名词和专有名词构成的国家、党派、组织、机构、公共建筑物或历史古迹等前e.gthePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国（用于国家名称）theNationalGallery国家美术馆theMilitaryMuseum军事博物馆(公共建筑名前)theStateCouncil国务院theSenate参议院,机关、团体名词前）theHouseofRepresentatives众议院（机关、团体名词前）用于报刊，杂志、会议、条约、时期、朝代、历史事件等专有名词前e.gthePeople’sDaily人民日报theTimes泰晤士报theAtlanticPact大西洋公约theMiddleAges中世纪theMingDynasty明代theGenevaAgreement日内瓦协议theWashingtonPost(用于报刊、条约之前)用于表示民族、国籍的专有名词前e.g.theBritish;theChinese三、零冠词的用法：复数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表示泛指时e.g.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Paperismadefromwood.表示季节、月份、日期、星期的名词或表示节假日的名词前e.g.inspring,onSunday,inJanuary,onChristmas…注：inthespringof2006,theSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival…表示三餐、体育运动、学科、运输或通讯方式的名词前e.g.havebreakfast,playbasketball,IlikeEnglish,bybus,bytelephone,byemail…表示人名、地名、国名、街道名、大学、公园、车站、机场、港口、广场、桥梁等前e.g.Jack,London,Japan,ZhejiangUniversity,TianhePark,Tian’anmenSquare…注：theUniversityofToronto;thePhilippines;theNetherlands…(例外情况)表示职务、官衔的名词做表语、同位语、补语时e.g.Weelectedhimmonitor.turn/go作“变为，成为”，其后做表语的名词不加冠词；当as引导让步状语从句时，从句中做as前，且不加冠词；在以“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前不加冠词e.g.Heusedtobeamedicalstudentbeforeheturnedwriter.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Amanranover,swordinhand.man作“人类”、space作“太空”、nature作“自然界”、society作“社会”、heaven作“天堂、天国”时不用冠词在称呼语前不加冠词e.g.Comein,boy.Whatareyoudoing,mum?What’sthematter,Granny?交通工具名词前不用冠词e.g.bycar，byship，byplane，onfoot…在某些固定词组中e.g.athome,writeinpencil(=writewithapencil),atdaybreak,atsurprise,atdawn,atnoon,atdusk,atsunset,atsundown,atnight,dayandnight,dayafterday,daybyday,handinhand,sidebyside,fromtoptobottom,frombeginningtoend,fromeasttowest,frommorningtillnigh…四、在一些短语中，有无冠词意义大不相同，如：e.g.byday在白天；bytheday按天计算incaseof如果，万一；inthecaseof就……来说inchargeof负责，管理；inthechargeof由……负责gotochurch/school去做礼拜/去学习；gotothechurch/school到教堂去/学校去outofquestion毫无疑问；outofthequestion不可能的注：有些短语意义一样，但写法却不同。Onthewholeasawhole大体上，就整体来看takeforexampletakeasanexample以……为例五、冠词的特殊位置不定冠词在感叹句中e.g.Whatalovelydayitis!=Howlovelyadayitis!suchsoas,too连用e.g.Heissuchafamouswriterthat…=Heissofamousawriterthat…Thisisasdifficultaproblemastheonewemetyesterday.It’stooexpensiveacarformetoafford.halfmany,quiterather连用时e.g.halfadozenofeggs;halfanhourmanyateenagerquiteagoodidea/ratheracoldwinter注：anhourandahalf,oneandahalfhoursall,bothhalfdouble等连用e.g.Allthestudentsfeeltheyareundertoomuchpressure.Halftheaudiencewereboredwiththemovie.Ipaiddoubletheprice.六、泛指概念的四种表达方式(易错点，此处做重点强调)the的不可数名词可以表示泛指e.g.Ilikemusic.我喜欢音乐。the的复数可数名词表示泛指e.g.Bananasareyellow.香蕉是黄色的。“the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指e.g.Theelephantisthelargestlandmammal.大象是陆地上最大的哺乳动物。“a/an+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。e.gAdogmakesgoodpet.狗是很好的宠物。练习一：选择Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor newJiangsu.（2010高考英语江苏卷,21）不填；a B.不填；the C.the；a D.the；theEverythingcomeswith price;thereisnosuch thingasfreelunchintheworld.（2010高考英语重庆卷,27）a,a B.the,/ C.the,a D.a,/Manylifestylepatternsdosuch greatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup weakeningofthehumanbody.（2010高考英语浙江卷,2）a;/ B./;the C.a;the D./;/In mostcountries,auniversitydegreecangiveyou startinlife.(2010高考英语四川卷,2）the;a B.the;不填 C.不填;不填 D.不填;aIfwesitnear frontofthebus,we’llhave betterview.（2010高考英语ft东卷22）不填；the B.不填；a C.the;a D.the；theThereareover58,000rockyobjectsin space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto earth.（2010高考英语辽宁卷,22）the;the B.不填;the C．the;不填 D．a;theIt’s goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheshanghaiworldexpothatgivesthem pleasure.（2010高考英语福建卷,21）不填;a B.a;不填 C.the;a D.a;theFirstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget secondchancetomake firstimpression.（2010高考英语北京卷,35）a;the B.the;the C.a;a D.the;a16.Ashereached frontdoor,Jacksaw strangesight.（2011•II）the;不填 B.a;the C.不填a D.the;aAsisknowtoall, People’sRepublicofChinais Biggestdevelopingcountryintheworld（2011•陕西卷）the;不填 B.不填;the C.the;the D.不填;不填DrPeterSpemce, headmasteroftheschooltoldus, fifthofpupilshereontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.（2011•四川卷18）不填;A B.不填;The C.the;The D.a;A-It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover860,00 year-Healsogetpaidby week.（2011•江西卷,22）the;the B.a;the C. D.a;aItisgenerallyacceptedthat boymustlearntostandupandfightlike man.（2011•全国新课标卷,33）aa Bathe Cthethe D.a;不填Expertsthinkthat recentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybe Picasso.（2011•浙江卷,2）the.不填 B.a;the C.a;不填 D.the;aTakeyourtime-it’sjust shortdistancefromhereto restaurant.(2011•ft东卷21)不填;the B.a;the C.the;a D.不填;aIncommunication,asmileisusually strongsignofafriendlyand attitude.（2011•重庆,26）the,/ B.a,an C.a,/ D.the,an练习一答案：1-5：ADBDC：5-10：BBCDC10-16：ABADBC练习二：用“a，an,the,/”填空Have niceday.Doyoulike spiders?Wouldyoulike apple?Whereare scissors?Ihad argumentwithJo.Weeat cerealforbreakfast.Youcanhave lastpieceofchocolate.Iusuallyhave showerinthemorning.Idon'tunderstand question.Ithink bankclosesat5o'clockJanelikes sugarinhertea.Didyougoto doctor's?Iuse internetalot.Idrink waterwhenIamthirsty.Youwatchtoomuch television!It's bitcoldinhere.Ireceived interestingemailfromJo.Iwillforward emailtoyou.Imissedmyappointmentbecause trafficwasbad.Iamcrazyaboutreading historybooks.练习二答案：1.a2