蚁群算法的原理以及实现源代码

蚁群算法ACO(antcolonyoptimization)的原理以及实现源代码ByMinidxer|February1,2008之前说的算法基本上都比较枯燥的(废话，算法都很枯燥……)，这次要介绍的蚁群算法(AntColonyAlgorithm)却是一种源于自然现象的算法，也是一种metaheuristic，即与具体问题关系不大的优化算法，也就是它是一种用来在图中寻找优化路径的机率型技术。MarcoDorigo于1992年在他的博士论文中引入，其灵感来源于蚂蚁在寻找食物过程中发现路径的行为。小小的蚂蚁总是能够找到食物，他们具有什么样的智能呢？设想，如果我们要为蚂蚁设计一个人工智能的程序，那么这个程序要多么复杂呢？首先，你要让蚂蚁能够避开障碍物，就必须根据适当的地形给它编进指令让他们能够巧妙的避开障碍物，其次，要让蚂蚁找到食物，就需要让他们遍历空间上的所有点；再次，如果要让蚂蚁找到最短的路径，那么需要计算所有可能的路径并且比较它们的大小，而且更重要的是，你要小心翼翼的编程，因为程序的错误也许会让你前功尽弃。这是多么不可思议的程序！太复杂了，恐怕没人能够完成这样繁琐冗余的程序。为什么这么简单的程序会让蚂蚁干这样复杂的事情？答案是：简单规则的涌现。事实上，每只蚂蚁并不是像我们想象的需要知道整个世界的信息，他们其实只关心很小范围内的眼前信息，而且根据这些局部信息利用几条简单的规则进行决策，这样，在蚁群这个集体里，复杂性的行为就会凸现出来。这就是人工生命、复杂性科学解释的规律！下面就是实现如此复杂性的七条简单规则：1、范围：蚂蚁观察到的范围是一个方格世界，蚂蚁有一个参数为速度半径(一般是3)，那么它能观察到的范围就是3*3个方格世界，并且能移动的距离也在这个范围之内。2、环境：蚂蚁所在的环境是一个虚拟的世界，其中有障碍物，有别的蚂蚁，还有信息素，信息素有两种，一种是找到食物的蚂蚁洒下的食物信息素，一种是找到窝的蚂蚁洒下的窝的信息素。每个蚂蚁都仅仅能感知它范围内的环境信息。环境以一定的速率让信息素消失。3、觅食规则：在每只蚂蚁能感知的范围内寻找是否有食物，如果有就直接过去。否则看是否有信息素，并且比较在能感知的范围内哪一点的信息素最多，这样，它就朝信息素多的地方走，并且每只蚂蚁多会以小概率犯错误，从而并不是往信息素最多的点移动。蚂蚁找窝的规则和上面一样，只不过它对窝的信息素做出反应，而对食物信息素没反应。4、移动规则：每只蚂蚁都朝向信息素最多的方向移，并且，当周围没有信息素指引的时候，蚂蚁会按照自己原来运动的方向惯性的运动下去，并且，在运动的方向有一个随机的小的扰动。为了防止蚂蚁原地转圈，它会记住最近刚走过了哪些点，如果发现要走的下一点已经在最近走过了，它就会尽量避开。5、避障规则：如果蚂蚁要移动的方向有障碍物挡住，它会随机的选择另一个方向，并且有信息素指引的话，它会按照觅食的规则行为。7、播撒信息素规则：每只蚂蚁在刚找到食物或者窝的时候撒发的信息素最多，并随着它走远的距离，播撒的信息素越来越少。下面的程序开始运行之后，蚂蚁们开始从窝里出动了，寻找食物；他们会顺着屏幕爬满整个画面，直到找到食物再返回窝。其中，‘F'点表示食物，‘H'表示窝，白色块表示障碍物，‘+'就是蚂蚁了。参数说明：最大信息素：蚂蚁在一开始拥有的信息素总量，越大表示程序在较长一段时间能够存在信息素。信息素消减的速度：随着时间的流逝，已经存在于世界上的信息素会消减，这个数值越大，那么消减的越快。错误概率表示这个蚂蚁不往信息素最大的区域走的概率，越大则表示这个蚂蚁越有创新性。速度半径表示蚂蚁一次能走的最大长度，也表示这个蚂蚁的感知范围。记忆能力表示蚂蚁能记住多少个刚刚走过点的坐标，这个值避免了蚂蚁在本地打转，停滞不前。而这个值越大那么整个系统运行速度就慢，越小则蚂蚁越容易原地转圈。源代码如下（不同编译器可能需做一定修改）：/*ant.c*/#defineSPACE0x20#defineESC0x1b#defineANT_CHAR_EMPTY'+'#defineANT_CHAR_FOOD153#defineHOME_CHAR'H'#defineFOOD_CHAR'F'#defineFOOD_CHAR2'f'#defineFOOD_HOME_COLOR12#defineBLOCK_CHAR177#defineMAX_ANT50#defineINI_SPEED3#defineMAXX80#defineMAXY23#defineMAX_FOOD10000#defineTARGET_FOOD200#defineMAX_SMELL5000#defineSMELL_DROP_RATE0.05#defineANT_ERROR_RATE0.02#defineANT_EYESHOT3#defineSMELL_GONE_SPEED50#defineSMELL_GONE_RATE0.05#defineTRACE_REMEMBER50#defineMAX_BLOCK100#defineNULL0#defineUP1#defineDOWN2#defineLEFT3#defineRIGHT4#defineSMELL_TYPE_FOOD0#defineSMELL_TYPE_HOME1#include"stdio.h"#include"conio.h"#include"dos.h"#include"stdlib.h"#include"dos.h"#include"process.h"#include"ctype.h"#include"math.h"voidWorldInitial(void);voidBlockInitial(void);voidCreatBlock(void);voidSaveBlock(void);voidLoadBlock(void);voidHomeFoodInitial(void);voidAntInitial(void);voidWorldChange(void);voidAntMove(void);voidAntOneStep(void);voidDealKey(charkey);voidClearSmellDisp(void);voidDispSmell(inttype);intAntNextDir(intxxx,intyyy,intddir);intGetMaxSmell(inttype,intxxx,intyyy,intddir);intIsTrace(intxxx,intyyy);intMaxLocation(intnum1,intnum2,intnum3);intCanGo(intxxx,intyyy,intddir);intJudgeCanGo(intxxx,intyyy);intTurnLeft(intddir);intTurnRight(intddir);intTurnBack(intddir);intMainTimer(void);charWaitForKey(intsecnum);voidDispPlayTime(void);intTimeUse(void);voidHideCur(void);voidResetCur(void);/* */structHomeStruct{intxxx,yyy;intamount;intTargetFood;}home;structFoodStruct{intxxx,yyy;intamount;}food;structAntStruct{intxxx,yyy;intdir;intspeed;intSpeedTimer;intfood;intSmellAmount[2];inttracex[TRACE_REMEMBER];inttracey[TRACE_REMEMBER];intTracePtr;intIQ;}ant[MAX_ANT];intAntNow;inttimer10ms;structtimestarttime,endtime;intSmell[2][MAXX+1][MAXY+1];intblock[MAXX+1][MAXY+1];intSmellGoneTimer;intSmellDispFlag;intCanFindFood;intHardtoFindPath;/* Main */voidmain(void){charKeyPress;inttu;clrscr();HideCur();WorldInitial();do{timer10ms=MainTimer();if(timer10ms)AntMove();if(timer10ms)WorldChange();tu=TimeUse();if(tu>=60&&!CanFindFood){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Cannotfindfood,maybeablockworld.");WaitForKey(10);WorldInitial();}if(tu>=180&&home.amount<100&&!HardtoFindPath){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("God!itissodifficulttofindapath.");if(WaitForKey(10)==0x0d)WorldInitial();else{HardtoFindPath=1;gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("");}}if(home.amount>=home.TargetFood){gettime(&endtime);KeyPress=WaitForKey(60);DispPlayTime();WaitForKey(10);WorldInitial();}elseif(kbhit()){KeyPress=getch();DealKey(KeyPress);}elseKeyPress=NULL;}while(KeyPress!=ESC);gettime(&endtime);DispPlayTime();WaitForKey(10);clrscr();ResetCur();}/* generalsubprocess */intMainTimer(void)/*output:howmuch10mshavepassfromlasttimecallthisprocess*/{staticintoldhund,oldsec;structtimet;inttimeuse;gettime(&t);timeuse=0;if(t.ti_hund!=oldhund){if(t.ti_sec!=oldsec){timeuse+=100;oldsec=t.ti_sec;}timeuse+=t.ti_hund-oldhund;oldhund=t.ti_hund;}elsetimeuse=0;return(timeuse);}charWaitForKey(intsecnum)/*funtion:ifhavekeyin,exitimmediately,elsewait'secnum'sencondsthenexitinput:secnum--waitthissenconds,must<3600(1hour)output:keychar,ifnokeyin(exitwhentimeout),returnNULL*/{intsecin,secnow;intminin,minnow;inthourin,hournow;intsecuse;structtimet;gettime(&t);secin=t.ti_sec;minin=t.ti_min;hourin=t.ti_hour;do{if(kbhit())return(getch());gettime(&t);secnow=t.ti_sec;minnow=t.ti_min;hournow=t.ti_hour;if(hournow!=hourin)minnow+=60;if(minnow>minin)secuse=(minnow-1-minin)+(secnow+60-secin);elsesecuse=secnow-secin;/*countingerrorcheck*/if(secuse<0){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Timeconutingerror,anykeytoexit...");getch();exit(3);}}while(secuse<=secnum);return(NULL);}voidDispPlayTime(void){intph,pm,ps;ph=endtime.ti_hour-starttime.ti_hour;pm=endtime.ti_min-starttime.ti_min;ps=endtime.ti_sec-starttime.ti_sec;if(ph<0)ph+=24;if(pm<0){ph--;pm+=60;}if(ps<0){pm--;ps+=60;}gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);",ph,pm,ps);printf("Timeuse:%dhour-%dmin-%dsec}",ph,pm,ps);intTimeUse(void){intph,pm,ps;gettime(&endtime);ph=endtime.ti_hour-starttime.ti_hour;pm=endtime.ti_min-starttime.ti_min;ps=endtime.ti_sec-starttime.ti_sec;if(ph<0)ph+=24;if(pm<0){ph--;pm+=60;}if(ps<0){pm--;ps+=60;}return(ps+(60*(pm+60*ph)));}voidHideCur(void){unionREGSregs0;regs0.h.ah=1;regs0.h.ch=0x30;regs0.h.cl=0x31;int86(0x10,®s0,®s0);}voidResetCur(void){unionREGSregs0;regs0.h.ah=1;regs0.h.ch=0x06;regs0.h.cl=0x07;int86(0x10,®s0,®s0);}*//* mainANTprograme */voidWorldInitial(void){intk,i,j;randomize();clrscr();HomeFoodInitial();for(AntNow=0;AntNow<MAX_ANT;AntNow++){AntInitial();}/*offorAntNow*/;BlockInitial();for(k=0;k<=1;k++)/*SMELLTYPEFOODandHOME*/for(i=0;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=0;j<=MAXY;j++)Smell[k][i][j]=0;SmellGoneTimer=0;gettime(&starttime);SmellDispFlag=0;CanFindFood=0;HardtoFindPath=0;}voidBlockInitial(void){inti,j;intbn;for(i=0;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=0;j<=MAXY;j++)block[i][j]=0;bn=1+MAX_BLOCK/2+random(MAX_BLOCK/2);for(i=0;i<=bn;i++)CreatBlock();}voidCreatBlock(void){intx1,y1,x2,y2;

intdx,dy;inti,j;x1=random(MAXX)+1;y1=random(MAXY)+1;dx=random(MAXX/10)+1;dy=random(MAXY/10)+1;x2=x1+dx;y2=y1+dy;if(x2>MAXX)x2=MAXX;if(y2>MAXY)y2=MAXY;return;return;if(food.xxx>=x1&&food.xxx<=x2&&food.yyy>=y1&&food.yyy<=y2)if(home.xxx>=x1&&home.xxx<=x2&&home.yyy>=y1&&home.yyy<=y2)return;return;for(i=x1;i<=x2;i++)for(j=y1;j<=y2;j++){block[i][j]=1;gotoxy(i,j);putch(BLOCK_CHAR);}}voidSaveBlock(void){FILE*fp_block;charFileNameBlock[20];inti,j;gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("");gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Savetofile...",FileNameBlock);gets(FileNameBlock);if(FileNameBlock[0]==0)strcpy(FileNameBlock,"Ant.ant");elsestrcat(FileNameBlock,".ant");if((fp_block=fopen(FileNameBlock,"wb"))==NULL){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Creatfile%sfail...",FileNameBlock);getch();exit(2);}gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("");fputc(home.xxx,fp_block);fputc(home.yyy,fp_block);fputc(food.xxx,fp_block);fputc(food.yyy,fp_block);for(i=0;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=0;j<=MAXY;j++)fputc(block[i][j],fp_block);fclose(fp_block);}voidLoadBlock(void){FILE*fp_block;charFileNameBlock[20];inti,j,k;gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("");gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Loadfile...",FileNameBlock);gets(FileNameBlock);if(FileNameBlock[0]==0)strcpy(FileNameBlock,"Ant.ant");elsestrcat(FileNameBlock,".ant");if((fp_block=fopen(FileNameBlock,"rb"))==NULL){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Openfile%sfail...",FileNameBlock);getch();exit(2);}clrscr();home.xxx=fgetc(fp_block);home.yyy=fgetc(fp_block);food.xxx=fgetc(fp_block);food.yyy=fgetc(fp_block);gotoxy(home.xxx,home.yyy);putch(HOME_CHAR);gotoxy(food.xxx,food.yyy);putch(FOOD_CHAR);food.amount=random(MAX_FOOD/3)+2*MAX_FOOD/3+1;/*food.amount=MAX_FOOD;*/home.amount=0;home.TargetFood=(food.amount<TARGET_FOOD)?food.amount:TARGET_FOOD;for(AntNow=0;AntNow<MAX_ANT;AntNow++){AntInitial();}/*offorAntNow*/;for(i=0;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=0;j<=MAXY;j++){block[i][j]=fgetc(fp_block);if(block[i][j]){gotoxy(i,j);putch(BLOCK_CHAR);}}for(k=0;k<=1;k++)/*SMELLTYPEFOODandHOME*/for(i=0;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=0;j<=MAXY;j++)Smell[k][i][j]=0;SmellGoneTimer=0;gettime(&starttime);SmellDispFlag=0;CanFindFood=0;HardtoFindPath=0;fclose(fp_block);}voidHomeFoodInitial(void){intrandnum;inthomeplace;/*1--homeatleft-up,foodatright-down--homeatleft-down,foodatright-up--homeatright-up,foodatleft-down--homeatright-down,foodatleft-up*/randnum=random(100);if(randnum<25)homeplace=1;elseif(randnum>=25&&randnum<50)homeplace=2;elseif(randnum>=50&&randnum<75)homeplace=3;elsehomeplace=4;switch(homeplace){case1:home.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+1;home.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+1;food.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+2*MAXX/3+1;food.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+2*MAXY/3+1;break;case2:home.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+1;home.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+2*MAXY/3+1;food.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+2*MAXX/3+1;food.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+1;break;case3:home.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+2*MAXX/3+1;home.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+1;food.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+1;food.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+2*MAXY/3+1;break;case4:home.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+2*MAXX/3+1;home.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+2*MAXY/3+1;food.xxx=random(MAXX/3)+1;food.yyy=random(MAXY/3)+1;break;}food.amount=random(MAX_FOOD/3)+2*MAX_FOOD/3+1;/*food.amount=MAX_FOOD;*/home.amount=0;home.TargetFood=(food.amount<TARGET_FOOD)?food.amount:TARGET_FOOD;/*datacorrectnesscheck*/if(home.xxx<=0||home.xxx>MAXX||home.yyy<=0||home.yyy>MAXY||food.xxx<=0||food.xxx>MAXX||food.yyy<=0||food.yyy>MAXY||food.amount<=0){gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Worldinitialfail,anykeytoexit...");getch();exit(2);}gotoxy(home.xxx,home.yyy);putch(HOME_CHAR);gotoxy(food.xxx,food.yyy);putch(FOOD_CHAR);}voidAntInitial(void)/*initialant[AntNow]*/{intrandnum;inti;ant[AntNow].xxx=home.xxx;ant[AntNow].yyy=home.yyy;randnum=random(100);if(randnum<25)ant[AntNow].dir=UP;elseif(randnum>=25&&randnum<50)ant[AntNow].dir=DOWN;elseif(randnum>=50&&randnum<75)ant[AntNow].dir=LEFT;elseant[AntNow].dir=RIGHT;ant[AntNow].speed=2*(random(INI_SPEED/2)+1);ant[AntNow].SpeedTimer=0;ant[AntNow].food=0;ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]=0;ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]=MAX_SMELL;ant[AntNow].IQ=1;for(i=0;i<TRACE_REMEMBER;i++){ant[AntNow].tracex[i]=0;ant[AntNow].tracey[i]=0;}ant[AntNow].TracePtr=0;/*asepecailant*/if(AntNow==0)ant[AntNow].speed=INI_SPEED;}voidWorldChange(void){intk,i,j;intsmelldisp;SmellGoneTimer+=timer10ms;if(SmellGoneTimer>=SMELL_GONE_SPEED){SmellGoneTimer=0;for(k=0;k<=1;k++)/*SMELLTYPEFOODandHOME*/for(i=1;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=1;j<=MAXY;j++){if(Smell[k][i][j]){smelldisp=1+((10*Smell[k][i][j])/(MAX_SMELL*SMELL_DROP_RATE));if(smelldisp>=30000||smelldisp<0)smelldisp=30000;if(SmellDispFlag){gotoxy(i,j);if((i==food.xxx&&j==food.yyy)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy))/*don'toverwriteFoodandHome*/;else{if(smelldisp>9)putch('#');elseputch(smelldisp+'0');}}Smell[k][i][j]-=1+(Smell[k][i][j]*SMELL_GONE_RATE);if(Smell[k][i][j]<0)Smell[k][i][j]=0;if(SmellDispFlag){if(Smell[k][i][j]<=2){gotoxy(i,j);putch(SPACE);}}}}/*ofonelocation*/}/*oftimetochangetheworld*/}/*ofworldchange*/voidAntMove(void)intantx,anty;intsmelltodrop,smellnow;for(AntNow=0;AntNow<MAX_ANT;AntNow++){ant[AntNow].SpeedTimer+=timer10ms;if(ant[AntNow].SpeedTimer>=ant[AntNow].speed){ant[AntNow].SpeedTimer=0;gotoxy(ant[AntNow].xxx,ant[AntNow].yyy);putch(SPACE);AntOneStep();gotoxy(ant[AntNow].xxx,ant[AntNow].yyy);/*ant0isasepecailant,usedifferentcolor*/if(AntNow==0)textcolor(0xd);if(ant[AntNow].food)putch(ANT_CHAR_FOOD);elseputch(ANT_CHAR_EMPTY);if(AntNow==0)textcolor(0x7);/*remembertrace*/ant[AntNow].tracex[ant[AntNow].TracePtr]=ant[AntNow].xxx;ant[AntNow].tracey[ant[AntNow].TracePtr]=ant[AntNow].yyy;if(++(ant[AntNow].TracePtr)>=TRACE_REMEMBER)ant[AntNow].TracePtr=0;/*dropsmell*/antx=ant[AntNow].xxx;anty=ant[AntNow].yyy;if(ant[AntNow].food)/*havefood,lookingforhome*/{if(ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]){smellnow=Smell[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD][antx][anty];smelltodrop=ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]*SMELL_DROP_RATE;if(smelltodrop>smellnow)Smell[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD][antx][anty]=smelltodrop;/*elseSmell[...]=smellnow*/ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]-=smelltodrop;if(ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]<0)ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]=0;}/*ofhavesmelltodrop*/}/*ofhavefood*/else/*nofood,lookingforfood*/{if(ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]){smellnow=Smell[SMELL_TYPE_HOME][antx][anty];smelltodrop=ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]*SMELL_DROP_RATE;if(smelltodrop>smellnow)Smell[SMELL_TYPE_HOME][antx][anty]=smelltodrop;/*elseSmell[...]=smellnow*/ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]-=smelltodrop;if(ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]<0)ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]=0;}/*ofhavesmelltodrop*/}}/*oftimetogo*//*elsenotgo*/}/*offorAntNow*/textcolor(FOOD_HOME_COLOR);gotoxy(home.xxx,home.yyy);putch(HOME_CHAR);gotoxy(food.xxx,food.yyy);if(food.amount>0)putch(FOOD_CHAR);elseputch(FOOD_CHAR2);textcolor(7);gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);printf("Food%d,Home%d",food.amount,home.amount);}voidAntOneStep(void){intddir,tttx,ttty;inti;ddir=ant[AntNow].dir;tttx=ant[AntNow].xxx;ttty=ant[AntNow].yyy;ddir=AntNextDir(tttx,ttty,ddir);switch(ddir){caseUP:ttty--;break;caseDOWN:ttty++;break;caseLEFT:tttx--;break;caseRIGHT:tttx++;break;default:break;}/*ofswitchdir*/ant[AntNow].dir=ddir;ant[AntNow].xxx=tttx;ant[AntNow].yyy=ttty;if(ant[AntNow].food)/*thisantcarrywithfood,searchforhome*/{if(tttx==home.xxx&&ttty==home.yyy){home.amount++;AntInitial();}if(tttx==food.xxx&&ttty==food.yyy)ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]=MAX_SMELL;}/*ofsearchforhome*/else/*thisantisempty,searchforfood*/{if(tttx==food.xxx&&ttty==food.yyy){if(food.amount>0){ant[AntNow].food=1;food.amount--;ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_FOOD]=MAX_SMELL;ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]=0;ant[AntNow].dir=TurnBack(ant[AntNow].dir);for(i=0;i<TRACE_REMEMBER;i++){ant[AntNow].tracex[i]=0;ant[AntNow].tracey[i]=0;}ant[AntNow].TracePtr=0;CanFindFood=1;}/*ofstillhavefood*/}if(tttx==home.xxx&&ttty==home.yyy)ant[AntNow].SmellAmount[SMELL_TYPE_HOME]=MAX_SMELL;}/*ofsearchforfood*/}voidDealKey(charkey){inti;switch(key){case'p':gettime(&endtime);DispPlayTime();getch();gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);for(i=1;i<=MAXX-1;i++)putch(SPACE);break;case't':if(SmellDispFlag){SmellDispFlag=0;ClearSmellDisp();}elseSmellDispFlag=1;break;case'1':DispSmell(SMELL_TYPE_FOOD);getch();ClearSmellDisp();break;case'2':DispSmell(SMELL_TYPE_HOME);getch();ClearSmellDisp();break;case'3':DispSmell(2);getch();ClearSmellDisp();break;case's':SaveBlock();break;case'l':LoadBlock();break;default:gotoxy(1,MAXY+1);for(i=1;i<=MAXX-1;i++)putch(SPACE);}/*ofswitch*/}voidClearSmellDisp(void){intk,i,j;for(k=0;k<=1;k++)/*SMELLTYPEFOODandHOME*/for(i=1;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=1;j<=MAXY;j++){if(Smell[k][i][j]){gotoxy(i,j);putch(SPACE);}}/*ofonelocation*/}voidDispSmell(inttype)/*input:0--Onlydisplayfoodsmell--Onlydisplayhomesmell--Displaybothfoodandhomesmell*/{intk,i,j;intfromk,tok;intsmelldisp;switch(type){case0:fromk=0;tok=0;break;case1:fromk=1;tok=1;break;case2:fromk=0;tok=1;break;default:fromk=0;tok=1;break;}SmellGoneTimer=0;for(k=fromk;k<=tok;k++)/*SMELLTYPEFOODandHOME*/for(i=1;i<=MAXX;i++)for(j=1;j<=MAXY;j++){if(Smell[k][i][j]){smelldisp=1+((10*Smell[k][i][j])/(MAX_SMELL*SMELL_DROP_RATE));if(smelldisp>=30000||smelldisp<0)smelldisp=30000;gotoxy(i,j);if(i!=food.xxx||j!=food.yyy){if((i==food.xxx&&j==food.yyy)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy))/*don'toverwriteFoodandHome*/;else{if(smelldisp>9)putch('#');elseputch(smelldisp+'0');}}}}/*ofonelocation*/}intAntNextDir(intxxx,intyyy,intddir){intrandnum;inttestdir;intCanGoState;intcangof,cangol,cangor;intmsf,msl,msr,maxms;inttype;CanGoState=CanGo(xxx,yyy,ddir);if(CanGoState==0||CanGoState==2||CanGoState==3||CanGoState==6)cangof=1;elsecangof=0;if(CanGoState==0||CanGoState==1||CanGoState==3||CanGoState==5)cangol=1;elsecangol=0;if(CanGoState==0||CanGoState==1||CanGoState==2||CanGoState==4)cangor=1;elsecangor=0;if(ant[AntNow].food)type=SMELL_TYPE_HOME;elsetype=SMELL_TYPE_FOOD;msf=GetMaxSmell(type,xxx,yyy,ddir);msl=GetMaxSmell(type,xxx,yyy,TurnLeft(ddir));msr=GetMaxSmell(type,xxx,yyy,TurnRight(ddir));maxms=MaxLocation(msf,msl,msr);/*maxms-1-msfisMAX2-mslisMAX-msrisMAX0-all3numberis0*/testdir=NULL;switch(maxms){case0:/*allis0,keeptestdir=NULL,randomselectdir*/break;case1:if(cangof)testdir=ddir;elseif(msl>msr)if(cangol)testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);elseif(cangor)testdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case2:if(cangol)testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);elseif(msf>msr)if(cangof)testdir=ddir;elseif(cangor)testdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case3:if(cangor)testdir=TurnRight(ddir);elseif(msf>msl)if(cangof)testdir=ddir;elseif(cangol)testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);break;default:break;}/*ofmaxms*/randnum=random(1000);if(randnum<SMELL_DROP_RATE*1000||testdir==NULL)/*1.iftestdir=NULL,meanscannotfindthemaxsmellorthedirtomaxsmellcannotgothenrandomselectdir2.ifanterror,don'tfollowthesmell,randomselectdir*/{randnum=random(100);switch(CanGoState){case0:if(randnum<90)testdir=ddir;elseif(randnum>=90&&randnum<95)testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);elsetestdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case1:if(randnum<50)testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);elsetestdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case2:if(randnum<90)testdir=ddir;elsetestdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case3:if(randnum<90)testdir=ddir;elsetestdir=TurnLeft(ddir);break;case4:testdir=TurnRight(ddir);break;case5:testdir=TurnLeft(ddir);break;case6:testdir=ddir;break;case7:testdir=TurnBack(ddir);break;default:testdir=TurnBack(ddir);}/*ofcangostate*/}return(testdir);}intGetMaxSmell(inttype,intxxx,intyyy,intddir){inti,j；intms;/*MAXsmell*/ms=0;switch(ddir){caseUP:for(i=xxx-ANT_EYESHOT;i<=xxx+ANT_EYESHOT;i++)for(j=yyy-ANT_EYESHOT;j<yyy;j++){-if(!JudgeCanGo(i,j))continue;if((i==food・xxx&&j==food・yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_FOOD)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_HOME)){--ms=MAX_SMELL;break;}if(IsTrace(i,j))continue;if(Smell[type][i][j]>ms)ms=Smell[type][i][j];}break;caseDOWN:for(i=xxx-ANT_EYESHOT;i<=xxx+ANT_EYESHOT;i++)for(j=yyy+l;j<=yyy+ANT_EYESHOT;j++){-if(!JudgeCanGo(i,j))continue;if((i==food・xxx&&j==food・yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_FOOD)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_HOME)){--ms=MAX_SMELL;break;}if(IsTrace(i,j))continue;if(Smell[type][i][j]>ms)ms=Smell[type][i][j];}break;caseLEFT:for(i=xxx-ANT_EYESHOT;i<xxx;i++)for(j=yyy-ANT_EYESHOT;j<=yyy+ANT_EYESHOT;j++){--if(!JudgeCanGo(i,j))continue;if((i==food.xxx&&j==food.yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_FOOD)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_HOME)){--ms=MAX_SMELL;break;}if(IsTrace(i,j))continue;if(Smell[type][i][j]>ms)ms=Smell[type][i][j];}break;caseRIGHT:for(i=xxx+1;i<=xxx+ANT_EYESH0T;i++)for(j=yyy-ANT_EYESHOT;j<=yyy+ANT_EYESHOT;j++){--

if(!JudgeCanGo(i,j))continue;if((i==food・xxx&&j==food・yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_FOOD)||(i==home.xxx&&j==home.yyy&&type==SMELL_TYPE_HOME)){--ms=MAX_SMELL;break;}if(IsTrace(i,j))continue;if(Smell[type][i][j]>ms)ms=Smell[type][i][j];}break;default:break;}return(ms);}intIsTrace(intxxx,intyyy){inti;for(i=0;i<TRACE_REMEMBER;i++)if(ant[AntNow].tracex[i]==xxx&&ant[AntNow].tracey[i]==yyy)return(1);return(0