2023扫描式多普勒激光雷达在风电行业内的实际应用及算法进展

扫描式多普勒激光雷达在风电行业内的实际应用及算法进展Technology

overview技术背景Lidar

PrincipleApplications

实际案例Wind

resource

assessment风资源评估Turbine

wake

characterization

风机尾流测量Power

curve

measurement

功率曲线测量Outline2Technology

overview技术背景3-Technology:DopplerPulsed

Lidar脉冲相干式多普勒激光雷达原理l d

2

f

rVV

Radial

velocity径向速度1-LASERpulses

sentintheatmospherewithreferencefrequency

fl.在大气中发射激光脉冲，参考频率为fl.l3-

Backscatteredsignalisprocessedfor

manydistancesfromtheLIDAR

(rangegates)反向散射信号在距离

LIDAR很远处予以处T理he

same

technology

base

for

the

full

product

range（分层）2-Photonsarebackscattered

onmoving

aerosols光子在移动式气溶胶上反向散射LasersignalisemittedintotheatmosphereandreflectedbytheparticlesThefrequencyofthereflectedsignalisshiftedduetoDopplereffect由于多普勒效应，移动式气溶胶会引起反向散射激光的光频变化。Theshiftisproportionaltothespeedofparticles=wind

speed多普勒频移与径向风速成正比。TheDopplerPulsedLidarisabletomeasureatseveraldistancesinstantaneously同步观测风和气溶胶反向散射MasterOscillatorDetectorEDFACirculatorWindcubevertical

profiler垂直剖面PulsemodulatorFiOpticalAmplifierSignal

processingArchitectureofLeospherecoherentlidarsLeosphere相干激光雷达的结构RotatingmirrorsTelescopeScanningScenario-PPI

scenario扫描模式-PPI模式Fixedelevationangle360°scanat0,1°/s

resolutionupto30°/s,typically2°/sto6°/swhile

measuringDatafilteringandquality

factors数据剔除与数据质量参数

1HZdata:automaticfilteringbasedonCNR

level

1赫兹数据：自动根据CNR的水平进行数据剔除

Qualityfilteronbackscatteredsignalensuringagood

measurement

反射信号强度的数据质量控制确保了这次测量是有效测量

Calibrated

in

factory出厂前的仪器校准

Indatafile,status=1ifgood,=0if

invalid

在数据文件中，status(状态)=1，测量有效；status=0，测量无效。

10minutesdata:noautomaticfiltering,aqualityfactoris

given

10分钟数据：没有进行自动数据剔除，给出数据质量参数

10minutesavailability=numberofvalid1HZmeasurements/totalnumberofmeasurements

(600)

10分钟数据的有效率=1赫兹数据中，有效测量个数/总的测量个数

This

10

minutes

availability

ratio

(%)is

indicated

for

every

10

minutes

value

10分钟数据的有效率（%）逐一对应每一个10分钟的风速

Campaign:manualfilteringbytheuserbasedon10minutes

availability

Depending

on

the

application,

the

usercan

choose

a10

minutes

availability

thresholdApplications

实际案例1-Wind

resourceassessment风资源评估13-Motivation

试验的动因ScanningLIDARmeasurementscouldhelp

achieve:Betterprojectdecisions(layoutdesign,resource

assessment)Reductioninhorizontalwindspeedextrapolation

uncertaintyInthisexperimentprimarywindspeedmeasurement(e.g.asdonebyamastorfloatingLiDAR)isa

seconda~1%changeinwind

speedPredictedspatialvariationofaveragewindspeed(mesoscale

model)~1%

changeinwind

speed~1%

changeinwind

speed14Project

Participants

试验参与各方

CarbonTrust/OffshoreWindAccelerator

(OWA)

Projectvisionand

funding

RES

Project

Management

Installation,sitemanagement,

decommissioning

Data

analysis

Reporting

Leosphere

ProvidedtwoWindcubescanning

LiDARs

ProvidedthreeWindcubeV2verticalLiDARSforvalidation

measurements15ScanningLiDAR:Single

vsDual

SingleLiDAR

Measurement:Windspeedanddirectioncalculationbasedonmultiplemeasurementsalongan

arcHomogenousflowisakey

assumption

DualLiDAR

MeasurementWindspeedanddirectioncalculationbased

onmeasurementoftwo

devicesWindvectorcanbeaccuratelydeterminedwithoutassuminghomogenous

flowBUThighercost,higherriskofdataloss,

etc.16Measurement

Location

Overview

测量场地概况17-Vertical

lidar

垂直式激光雷达18-Scanning

lidar

扫描式激光雷达19-20Campaign

Details

~4

months

of

concurrent

measurements

from

all

devices

Scan

pattern

designed

by

OEMsto

measure

12measurement

points

x2

heights

(100m

and

150m)every10

minutesLeosphere:dualRHIatPoolbeg,PPIatallother

pointsintegrationtime400s=1second,scanrate=3deg/sPPI,0.1deg/s

RHIintegrationtimePrototype=0.5second,scanrate=6deg/sPPI,0.1deg/s

RHI21Campaign

Details：Installment22Campaign

Details

Hardtargets

used(Kish

lighthouse,

Poolbeg

towers)

to

calibrate

and

verifybeam

pointing

accuracy23Campaign

Details

Hard

targets

used

(Kish

lighthouse,

Poolbeg

towers)

tocalibrate

andverify

beam

pointing

accuracy24Validationset

up25Leosphere

results

Alternativelyprocesseddualresults:similaraccuracyandbetterr2,butlowerdatacount

Compromisebetweendatacount

andprecision

Notethisisablindcomparison;OEMs

haveaccesstothevalidationdatatoimprovetheiralgorithms

later.Radialwind

speedcomponent26Dual

LiDARSingle

LiDARValidation

Summary

For

single

device,LiDAR

accuracy

is

insufficient

for

measuring

spatial

variation

for

the

distancesconsideredinthisproject

(5km-15km)

DualLiDARconfigurationgivesveryaccuratespeedup

measurements

Example:actualspeedup@150macrossbay:18%(basedonV2data).SLmeasured:19%.Error=

1%.

Notevalidationperformedblindandscanpatternsweredesignedtomeasure

at12pointsevenly(notfocusedonanyparticular

point)Windcube400S/Prototype27ImpactonYieldPrediction

Uncertainty

The

observed

accuracy

could

justify

an

improvement

inuncertainty

in

spatial

variation

of

windresource

relative

tocurrent

standard

methods

(mesoscale

modelling)

DualscanningLiDARmeasurementsofspatialvariationcouldreduceyieldpredictionuncertaintyby0.1%-0.4%foranearshoresitelikeDublin

Bay

Illustrative

example:28ImprovedProject

Decisions

Scanning

LiDAR

allows

accurate

mapping

of

wind

speed

atmultiple

heights

over

avery

large

area,whichcanimprovedecisions

on:–Furtherresourceassessment(go/no

goanddeviceplacement)–Turbinesizeand

layout29Conclusions

Highaccuracymeasurementsvalidatedinaunique

experiment

For

long

measurementrangesdual

LiDAR

hasa

substantial

accuracy

and

precision

benefit

over

singleLiDAR

For

this

theoretical

wind

farm

a

Scanning

LiDAR

campaign

wouldReducetheyielduncertaintyandthereforeinvestment

riskFacilitatebetterprojectdecisions(egturbine

layout)30Applications

实际案例2-Turbine

wakecharacterization

风机尾流测量31Windfarmwake

analysisGoalsMeasureInflowandoutflowParametersValidatingadvancedwake

modelsSingleTurbine

WakeWindfarm

WakeBenefitsReducingtheuncertaintyintheAEPbyabettermeasurmentofthewakedeficit3334Results试验结果35Applications

实际案例3-Power

curve

measurement

功率曲线测量36Powercurveoffshorefromtransition

piece

Objective:Measurewind(horizontalwindspeed

+winddirection)

remotely

Offer

200S(or

100S)

Scientificsupport(scenarioconfiguration+

datapost

processing)

Typical

scenario

SeveralPPIatseveralelevations(laser

cup)

Resolution:~25to

50mWRAoffshorefromthe

shoreAllowstomeasureoffshorefromthecoastup

tgLidar(3to10

km)Precisionof0,2to0,5m/sdependingon

prevailiotherangeofthe

scanninngwindsandscanning

scenarioStrongreductioninthehorizontal

uncertaintyMultiplescanpatternscanbedonetooptimizethe

windressourceassessment

campaign010003000200030008010011710000DistancefromLidar

(m)DistancefromLidar(m)

2000Aprovenradialwindspeedmeasurement

accuracy3-monthmeasurementcampaignatDTU(RISO

-Denmark)LIDAR

deployed1.6kmawayfroma160m

metmastOtherassessmentcampaign(LUME