货币类型和外币评估

货币类型和外币评估一.ControlAreaCurrencyTypeTcode:OX06|OX19|OKKP图1是OX06的一个画面,只要稍微做过COIMG的读者都会非常熟悉.:Assignmentcontrol可选1->Controllingareasamesascompanycode和2(Cross-companycode).如果选1,Currencytype只能是10->公司代码货币,这样在接下来的OX19分配公司代码给该控制区域时,所以的公司代码必须满足三个条件:Currency所有公司代码的本位币(设置:OBY6)必须相同，显然对于一个跨国集团在全球各地都有业务可能永远不会使用Assignmentcontrol1.ChartofAccounts,运营)会计科目表(设置:OB13)必须相同.Fiscalyearvariants(设置:OB29)的Period数必须相同(通常我们会使用相同的会计年度变式，尽管SAP似乎是说只要期间数相同就可以，意思是公司代码A可使用Z1,12+4期间,445型的，公司代码B使用Z2,也是12+4期间,SAP提供的K4),关于会计年度变式更详细请参考本书的FI配置.如果选2,则分配到该控制区域的公司代码只要满足两个条件就行:(1)科目表相同(2)会计年度变式相同(期间数相同,同1).[2]⑶:Currencytype通常选30(groupcurrency又称Clientcurrency),Currency使用集团货币，比如一家USA公司在全球有分公司，只使用一个控制区域，在此Currency设置USD.为什么通常不选比如20(Controllingareacurrency,通常)或其它Currencytype呢，这是因为Currencyandvaluationprofile(图1*])我们可能会使用Groupcurrency作为ML平行评估的currencytype(我们知道ML可同时启动法定利润中心集团三种评估你可为每种评估设置CurrencyType,详细请参考ML配置).附加几点:⑴在ML配置时，你还可使用8KEQ改变CurrencyType和分配Currencyandvaluationprofile.对一个全国各地有分公司的大型国企，法定I利润中心I集团评估都可使用RMB,对一跨国集团可能涉及多种币种,业务就会变得复杂得多,接下来会仔细讨论.Assignmentcontrol有业务数据就不可随意更改.二・FI和CO可使用的CurrencyType.:ControllingAreaCurrencyType注意图2和图1的区别，在图2中‘Currencytype是20,同30不同的是,30的currency只能是clientcurrency(TcodeSCC4:跨Client的StandardCurrency,就是说在此设置的clientcurrency对整个client有效,你简单认为:Clientstandardcurrency=groupcurrency),而20的Currency理论上是可随意定义的，在图2中是HKD,这样CO凭证中的COAreacurrency就是HKD.图2-[2]显示了COarea可使用的6种CurrencyType.为了加深读者对这些Currency的理解，我们看Co的两个重要表(Tcode:SE16)⑴COSP:ExternalPosting,典型的数据是从FIposting过来.(2)COSS:InternalPosting,CO内部过帐数据,比如工单的作业确定，分摊重过帐等．这样一个case,companycode5100的本位币HKD,OX06定义COAreacurrencytype30withUSD,现在使用RMB在第4期间支付一笔56元RMB某成本中心的服务费用(该费用科目建立了成本要素).在此涉及3种货币..记帐货币RMB,在SAP中又称Transactioncurrency,Documentcurrency对应COSP的WTG001-WTG016(对应16期间)..公司代码货币，通常所说的Localcurrency,公司级的报表货币，对应WOG001-WOG016,Objectcurrency,它和Companycodecurrency有什么关系呢？.COAreacurrency对应OX06定义的Currencytype30和CurencyUSD.对应WKG001-WKG016.OB08exch.Rate定义:7HKD=1USD,8RMB=1USD(Exch.TypeM,USD是参考货币:OB07中设置).FIposting后同时产生CODoc(KSB1IKSB5可查看)查看COSP表.我们可看到图3的画面.Transactioncurrency金额56RMB,Objectcurency金额49HKD,COareacurr.金额7USD.图3-[1]还显示了Version是0(Actualversion).

DataBrowserrTabZeCOSPSelect.Entries 图3i1'図遢Checktable... gQ站舒菲禹画9冬段兹1更画茴團LEDOBJNRWRTTP'^ERSNKSTARVRGNGTWAERWTG004WOG004WKG0040KSCCGCCTR1401155021409COINRMB56.0043.007.00CO凭证使用了3种currency,TransactioncurrencylObjectcurrencylCOarecurrency.Objectcurrency和companycodecurrency的关系，SAP帮助上说：Ifallcompanycodeswhicharerelatedtoonecontrollingareaareusingthesamecurrencyas■thecontrollingarea,theobjectcurrencycanbefreelychosenbytheuser.所有companycode的local.Curr.和COareacurrency相同，可随意定义ob：currency,请读者思考在哪定义这objectcurrency?Ifthecompanycodesareusingdifferentcurrenciesasthecontrollingarea,theobjectcurrency■isfixlinkedtothecompanycodecurrency.如果分配到同一Oarea的companycodes的localcurr各异，Objectcurr.=Comp.Co.Curr.Anytransactionmayinvolvedifferentcurrenciesforeach.Exchangeratevaluationsaremadeatthetimeofthetransaction.回到上面付56RMB的实例COdoc.是从FIposting过来的OBA7定义FIdoc,Ex.ratetypeforforgncrncydocs为空表示默认使用所谓的平均汇率xch.RateM,COdoc也就使用Exch.RateM,如果想更改COdoc.的exch.Rate,您会如何整？OK,COdoc表格也说了，Currencytype也讲了，实例也举了，问题也提了，如果你还不了解就不大应该了.Sihiri:.ufiCjfjiiri: 山」乜2COArea1COArea2□*-e2除非一个超大的跨国集团实在需要，我觉得一个中型跨国公司十几个compaycode使用一个controllingareaSihiri:.ufiCjfjiiri: 山」乜2COArea1COArea2□*-e2除非一个超大的跨国集团实在需要，我觉得一个中型跨国公司十几个compaycode使用一个controllingarea最好,OBYC自动科目设置都简化了.COArea1匚口」匚QJ己3Chsiri: ‘ClientClient:FICurrencyTypeSE16:V_T001A设置并行货币(图4),尽管SAP说可以说设置俩Additionalcurrency,大都数情况下我们只能设置一个附加本位币，使用TcodeOBS2看看所谓的standardledgerILegalledger的currency设置就知道(forFI-SPL,TcodeGCL2),实际看GLT0表(forSPL表是相关SPL的summarytable)，只有TSL01-TSL16->fortransactioncurrency,HSL01-HSL16->forlocalcurrency,KSL01-KSL16->forgroupcurrency默认就这三组字段，而且从字段名称看，SAP似乎铁定是推荐你的parallelcurrency使用groupcurrency了.图4,FI可使用的Currencytype5种.

1stlocal匸urrency匚「匚¥Type10匚ompany匚ode匚urren口匚urren匚yHKDValuationoLegalValuationERTypeMStandardtranslationataveragerateSrcecurr.1Translationtakingtransactioncurren匚yasabasisTrsDtetyp3Translationdate匚onnpany匚ode匚匚|门匚匚ird匚ameraHKLimited510030iGroupcurrency匚ljrrmn匚¥USD2ndI□匚ml匚urren匚丫匚「匚¥TypeValuationL』气1WVfWFlKW件L』气1WVfWFlKW件■HRil碼K册IERType$ RestrictionsSrce匚urr.TrsDtetyp^ThTh]tslaTTailCrcyTyShorttext3rdI□匚ml匚urren匚yCrcyTypeValuation10304050605I匚ompany匚ode匚urren匚yGroupcurren3rdI□匚ml匚urren匚yCrcyTypeValuation1030405060读者仔细看看图4-⑴[2][3][4]⑸的意思,按F1就可,在设置FIledger(包括Ledger0->SE16:V_T001A和SPL->GLC2)的并行货币时我们默认我们只能设置一个Additioinalcurrency,并且valuation也只是valuation0,SAP说可以使用2个additionalcurrency,估计是又要打啥补丁或通过SPL.当我们试图看FIdoc的行项目表时，我们又能发现BSEG-DMBE3确实是用来保存thirdcurrency数据的，所以要想使用3rdcurrency,SummarytableGLT0要update一下.BSEG-DMBTR:AmountinlocalcurrencyBSEG-WRBTR:AmountindocumentcurrencyBSEG-DMBE2:AmountinSecondlocalcurrencyBSEG-DMBE3:AmountinthirdcurrencyBSEG-PSWBT:AmountforupdatinginGeneralLedger您可以试着将图4-[2]的valuation选1,或设置3rdlocalcurrency保存后用FB50记一笔帐,看有什么错误出现？:SAP涉及的CurrencyType.你使用OMX6(更改CurrencyType文本)，该用的CurrencyType基本上集聚在这了.OperatingConcernCurrency图5是KEA0的一个画面.

BOB2United苗D¥孕□」EnvconmentIDataStructureAttributesCT疔Name10匚口BOB2United苗D¥孕□」EnvconmentIDataStructureAttributesCT疔Name10匚口mpanycodecurrency12 匚口171匚|,匚cdeGreyer匚trvaluationStatusCompanycodecvnencyOpCcnrerncrqf;ftCtrv^tjadonComp.CDd&crcy,PrCtr旳MonOperatingconcerncurrency0口匚口门匚eincrcyjPrCtrvaluationCanocrdGroupOperatingConcainCCCP在此启动了2个currencytype(最多可使用4currencytype),Operatingconcerncurreny和companycodecurrency这样，产生PAdoc会有两条记录，一条currencytype是BO,一条是10,这样的好处是你将OCcurrency设成集团货币可以根据groupcurrency分析,同时又根据companycodecurrency分析各公司的利润.启动更多的currencytype意味着数据量的成倍激增.(5)Profitcentercurrency图6是0KE5的一个画面‘valuationview是legalvaluation,使用的currencytype是30,profitcenterlocalcurreny是USD(Profitcenter可看成是”特殊的”SPL,ledger8AI8Z).女口果在ML要使用profitcentervaluation,此处valuationview要选2profitcentervaluation.一个问题：0legalvaluationllgroupvaluationl2Profitcentervaluation,究竟是什么意思，和currencytype有什么密切关系？(6)MLcurrencyOB07：OBBS：OB08：OBA1->KDF|OB09LocalCurrency(companycode)TransactionCurrencyGroup(client)CurrencyGlobalCompanyCurrencyHardCurrency(countrylevel)IndexCurrency(countrylevel)美元国际货币作用取决于美国的强大政治军事实力,国际投资地位和对外偿债能力,所以跨国集团愿意使用USD作hardcurrency(针对高通货膨胀的某国branch)，据报道中国已有数千亿美金的外币储备,老美那些鸟人只要关门印刷钞票就能发财,太不公道了,什么世道?MaintainCurrencyandValuationProfileCompanycodecurrency(10)inlegalvaluation(0)Groupcurrency(30)incorporatevaluation(1)Companycodecurrency(10)inprofitcentervaluation(2)当有业务数据时，想更改controllingarea的currencytype，ML的currencytype会变的复杂，如何更改?如果还未上线，慢慢执行下面的tcodes吧，业务数据全给整没了.OBY6|SE16:V_001_C0BR1:选上DeleteCOData,OKC3:删除COdataOKC5:删除CostElementOKC4:删除CostCenterOKC6:删除ActivityTypeOKO5:删除OrderKKPV删除COobjectKKE5:删除BasePlanningObjectKEC3:DefineCurrencyTranslationKey(CO-PA)ForML,只好SE38执行SAPRCKMJX程序DeactivatematerialLedger.汇率与外币评估汇率设置:OC47IOBO7,OBO8IOC41,SE16:V_TCURF

图1显示了几个exch.Rate,如图1-[2],Exch.RateM使用了参考货币(Ref.ccry)USD，假设甲公司的本位币是HKD,计RMBQB08维护了1RMB=0.98HKD,1RMB=0.12000USD,1HKD=0.12500USD,则在甲公司用RMB记帐,RMB->HKD一定是使用USD做参考,RMB->HKD的exch.Rate是0.12000/0.12500而不是直接的0.98.使用参考汇率的好处在集团公司大大减少汇率的维护工作和避免冲突,每个分公司只要维护各自对参考货币的汇率就行.不使用参考货币的汇率可能是网状分布的,使用参考货币就是以参考货币为中心分布的.几个常遇的exch.Rate问题.1.能否更改FI记帐的汇率?OBA7各FIdoctype的defaultexch.Ratetype为空(Exch.RateM),如果你想某doctype使用另外的exch.Rate可以在Ex.ratetypeforforgncrncydocs栏位输入.2.CK11N能否使用另外的汇率.CK11N的Version是0,你只要在OKEQN设置P就行，估计影响一大片.

你也可在OKYD专门针对某costingvariant设置exch.Ratetype.SE16:V_TCURFCurrently，bothinthesalesorderandbillingdocumentalwaystaketheexchangeratevaluefromexchangeratetypeEURXinsteadofM.ThisisbecausetheFIconfigurationsettingalwaysdefaulttotheEURXexchangeratetypeforEUR<->USD，thusitneedtobechangedsoitcantaketheratewiththeexchangeratetypeM.Inthecurrentsetting，theEURXhasbeendefinedinthecurrencytranslationratioforexchangeratetypeM.TheEURXneedtoberemovedfromcolumn"Alt.ERT"forexchangeratetypeMforcurrencytranslationfromUSD<->EUR.就是说不使用EURX做EUR<->USD而是使用Mexch.Ratetype就是说不使用EURX做EUR<->USD而是使用Mexch.Ratetype，该死的Exch.RateEURX.1 細 外币评估:OB59,OBA1->KDFIOB09注意Z001/Z002使用的exch.Rate是C,Z002选上了BalanceValuat选择.TMD这个破Balancevalut.是蔑意思?看SAP的帮助Ifyouselectthisparameter,openitemsarebalancedperaccountorgroupandcurrency.Thebalanceisvaluatedaccordingtothevaluationmethod.Thevaluationdifferenceispostedasanexpenseorrevenue(peraccount,onlyrevenueORexpense).Ifyoudonotselectthisparameter,theopenitemsaresummarizedandvaluatedperreferencenumber.Ifthereisnoreferencenumber,eachlineitemisvaluatedindividually.Thedifferencesthatarisearepostedasanexpenseorrevenue(peraccount,expenseANDrevenue).Example:3lineitems:A,BandCAReferencenumber1100USD190BReferencenumber130-USD50-CNoreferencenumber10USD15Nobalancevaluation,lowestvalueprinciple,spotexchangerate1.8TotalfromA+B70USD140DEMValuationdifference14-DEM(70*1.8=126126-140=-14)C10USD15DEMNovaluation,duetolowestvalueprincipleBalancevaluation,lowestvalueprinciple,spotexchangerate1.8TotalA-C80USD155DEMValuationdifference=11-DEM(80*1.8=144-155=-11)Thetotalispostedasanexpense.Nobalancevaluation,revaluationanddevaluation,spotexchangerate1.8(70*1.8=126126-140=-14)C10USD15DENvaluationdifference+3DEMPostings,expense14DEM,revenue3DEMZ004同Z003唯一不同的是Z004的BalanceValuat选上了,Z003和Z004是专门重置外币评估的方法外币评估F.05通常分成2类评估以外币记帐的客户/供应商/总帐未清项（D/K/S）->对所有的未清项进行评估（余额虽为0，但有未清项）以外币记帐的资产负债表科目（即科目货币非本位币）->对外币余额进行评估确定评估差异有两种方法：在资产负债表出表日确认并在下月1日冲销在资产负债表出表日确认并更新被评估的未清项，不冲销未清项的评估是在外币的汇率有变化时，对有涉及外币未清项的科目按统驭科目或科目类型、按币种、分借贷分别进行统计其由于汇率变化产生的差额，将变化额按科目类型和币种进行帐务调整。f-03、f-28、f-32你是在做这些记账操作的时候，item中出现valuationaccount吗？是的，去查出现此种情况的原会计凭证科目Openitem的moredata中均有valuationdiff金额。外币评估简单操作.也就是OpenItemBSEG的这个破BDIFF字段评估后有了差异（如下图）.Cluster^able bseg ActiveShortD丞匚ription A匚匚ountingD□匚umeritSegmentAttributes(DeliveryandMaintena门匚e FieldsLEntryhelp/匚heck(Curren匚y/Qua门tit^Fields®CBl 妤囤阴仝 SrchhelpBuilt-intype 38/306FieldKeyInitiDataelementDataT...LengthDe匚im...|shortDbecriptionQSSHE：□□QSSHBCT_W132WithholdingTaxBaseAmountKURSR□□ECURSRDEC95HedgedE)｛匚hangeRateGBETR□□GBETRCUfiP.132HedgedAmountinForeign匚urren匚yBDIFF□1BDIFFCURR132Valu.atioriDifferenceBDIF2□BDIF2CURR132Valu.3tionDifferencefortheSe匚ondL□匚制匚urrencyLIS5I-FI-IncorrectExchangeRatedeterminationinForeignCurrencyValuationinF.05TheEuroLoanisvaluatedmonthlyinCCcurrencyaswellasGroupCurrency.ThedifferencedenotedtheforeignExchangeGon29/01/05.Butthedifferenceappearstobetoohigh.wondertheformulainstep1whichistorevaluateforeigncurrencytoclosingmonthendrateisnotright.Inmeastep2saysUS$10Mgain?Pleaseinvestigate.G/LAccountNo. 30010010STBankDebt-HongKongFactorlngCompanyCode 5100■PKAm(DocumentNoTypeDoc.DatCurr|Amountindoc.curr.LCurrAmountin1ocalcur.LCur29810000049ZA0731200450HKD95,343,935.00-HKD95,343,935.00-USD100010500SA0210200550HKD1,379,934.00-HKD1,379,934.00-USD100018523Sft1002200450HKD1,379,934.00-HKD1,379,934.00-USD100013525SA1002200440HKD1,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00USD100010501SA0210200540HKD1,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00USD100018524Sft1002200440HKD1,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00USD100013526SA1002200450HKD1,379,934.00-HKD1,379,934.00-USD600001222TA1030200450HKD0.00HKD0.00USD600001393TA1030200440HKD0.00HKD0.00USD100019800Sft1225200450USD1,315,304.35-HKD10,227,872.08-USD600001756TA0101200550HKD0.00HKD0.00USD100017200SA0102200540HKD95,343,935.00HKD95,343,935.00USD100017239Sft0102200550EUR10,000,000.00-HKD10,000,000.00-USD100019809SA1225200440USD1,315,304.35HKD10,227,872.08USD100021853SA0102200540EUR10,000,000.00HKD10,000,000.00USD100021854Sft0102200550EUR10,000,000.00-HKD95,343,935.00-USD600001946TA0101200540HKD0.00HKD0.00USD'600002097TA0129200550EUR0.00HKD91,630,065.52-USD600002239TA0129200540EUR0.00HKD0.00USDAHKD106,932,000.52-USDItisnecessarytoinvestigateandclosethisissueASAPasmonthlyclosingisheldupforthis.F.05EstimatedMan-dayIfwehaveacloselookatGL30010010forCC5100wefindthatanumberofentrieshavebeenpostedonabackdate.Pls.see

DocumentNoAmountindoc.curr.Curr.Amountinlocalcur.LCurrAmountinloc.curr.2LCur2PostgDate9810000049-95,343,935.00HKD-95,343,935.00HKD-12,223,092.47USD07/31/100018500-1,379,934.00HKD-1,379,934.00HKD-176,908.00USD10/02/1000185011,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00HKD176,908.00USD10/03/100018523-1,379,934.00HKD-1,379,934.00HKD-176,907.54USD10/02/1000185241,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00HKD176,907.54USD10/03/1000185251,379,934.00HKD1,379,934.00HKD176,907.54USD10/02/100018526-1,379,934.00HKD-1,379,934.00HKD-176,907.54USD10/03/6000012220.00HKD0.00HKD-28,603.18USD10/30/6000013930.00HKD0.00HKD28,603.18USD10/31/100019888-1,315,304.35USD-10,227,872.08HKD-1,315,304.35USD12/25/1000198891,315,304.35USD10,227,872.08HKD1,315,304.35USD01/02/6000017560.00HKD0.00HKD-28,603.18USD01/01/10001728895,343,935.00HKD95,343,935.00HKD12,223,092.47USD01/02/100017289-10,000,000.00EUR-10,000,000.00HKD-12,223,092.47USD01/02/10002185310,000,000.00EUR10,000,000.00HKD12,223,092.47USD01/02/100021854-10,000,000.00EUR-95,343,935.00HKD-12,223,092.47USD01/02/6000019460.00HKD0.00HKD28,603.18USD01/02/Valueason03/21/2005-10・000・000.00HKD-12,223,092.47USD6000020970.00EUR-91,638,065.52HKD-11,748,000.00USD01/29/6000022890.00EUR0.00HKD10,941,092.47USD01/29/6000021770.00EUR91,638,065.52HKD11,748,000.00USD01/306000024640.00EUR0.00HKD-10,941,092.47USD01/3010001820110,000,000.00EUR102,447,388.93HKD13,144,000.00USD02/01/100019715-92,447,388.93HKD-92,447,388.93HKD-920,907.53USD02/01/10002185785,343,935.00HKD85,343,935.00HKD0.00USD02/01/100022305910,662.79USD7,103,453.93HKD910,662.79USD02/26/100022306-910,662.79USD-7,103,453.93HKD-910,662.79USD02/27/6000026090.00EUR-7,103,453.93HKD-910,662.79USD02/26/6000028100.00HKD0.00HKD10,244.74USD02/26/6000028110.00EUR0.00HKD-10,244.74USD02/26/6000026910.00EUR7,103,453.93HKD910,662.79USD02/27/6000029900.00HKD0.00HKD-10,244.74USD02/27/6000029910.00EUR0.00HKD10,244.74USD02/27/NowwhentheTransactionF.05wascarriedouton03/21/2005,thepositionoftheGLwasthatTheEURvaluewas10MEUR,thelocalCurrencyvaluewasalso10MHKDwhiletheUSDvaluewas12,223,092.47allincredit.Atthispoint,thesystemtriedtovaluate10MEUROintoHKDasstep1.ItfoundtheexchangeratefromEURtoHKDusingUSDasreferencecurrencytobe10.16381.Thusthevaluationcameto101.638MHKD.Thebalanceinbookswas10M.soitpostedadifferenceof91.638Mincreditsignifyinganactualliabilityof101.638Mintotal(Documentno.600002097).WhileitvaluatedinHKD,italsocarriedoutavaluationinGroupcurrencywhichwasasimpleconversionofHKDtoUSDattheCrateexistingonthatdate1HKD=0.12820USD.i.e.HKD91,638,065.52HKD*0.12820=11,748,000.00.Thisitpostedasaliability.SonowthetotalliabilityinUSDcameto11,748,000.00+originalliability12,223,092.47=23,971,092.47USDor23.971M.Sowhenittriedtodoagroupvaluationinstep2itfoundtheactualliabilitytobe10,000,000EUR*1.30300(Exchangeratefor1EURto1USD)=13,030,000or13.030MUSD.ButtheGLvaluewas23,971,092.47USD.Soitpostedadebitof23,971,092.47-13,030,000=10,941,092.47or10.941MUSD.Fromthesystempointofviewthereisnomistake.ItcalculatedvaluesasperBalancesexistinginthesystemonaparticulardate.HencethevariationinGain/LossAccount.FIChangeF.05Step1andStep2variantsCurrentlyeachentitiesusesthefollowingvariantswhenrunningF.05/XXXX_STEP1and/XXXX_STEP2whereXXXXisreplacedbytheapplicablecompanycode.ThesevariantsareprotectedsothattheycanonlybechangedbyuserDANIELLEB.GlennhasrequestedthatGLaccountsbeginningwith14and20beexcludedfromthevariants.AdditionallytheseGLaccounshouldberemovedfromtheconfiguraitonwhichisusedinF.05(thiswouldpreventthemfromeverbeingvaluated).Attachedistheexistingsetupforboth/XXXX_STEP1and/XXXX_STEP2FIChangeF.05Step1andStep2variantsCurrentlyeachentitiesusesthefollowingvariantswhenrunningF.05/XXXX_STEP1and/XXXX_STEP2whereXXXXisreplacedbytheapplicablecompanycode.Thesevariantsareprotectedsothattheycanonly