中国药科大学中药学专业英语课件-甘草

甘草RadixGlycyrrhizae[EnglishName]LiquoriceRootOriginsGancaoisoneofthemostcommonlyusedChineseherbs,andclassifiedasasuperiorherbinShenNongBenCaoJing.TheChinesenameGancaomeansthesweetherb,henceitsname.SinceancienttimesinChina,ithasbeencalledtheNationalVenerableMaster(国老)becauseithasthemeritofharmonizingandmollifyingdrugsinaprescriptionandeliminatingvarioustoxicities.ItisthedriedrootandrhizomeofGlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.,GlycyrrhizainflateBat.OrGlycyrrhizaglabraL.,familyLeguminosae.harmonize：调和mollify：缓和PlantMorphologyGlycyrrhizauralensis:

甘草Aperennialherb,30～100cmhigh,coveredwithwhitepubescences,glandularscarsorglandularhairsthroughout.Rhizomecylindrical;mainrootrelativelylong,stout,outerbarkreddish-browntodarkbrown,tastesweet.pubescences:软毛，绒毛，到达青春期；glandular:腺体的

Stemerect,brancheletswithridges.Leavespinnatelycompound,alternate,leaflets7～17,ovateorbroadlyovate,entire;stipules

deciduous.Flowersinaxillaryracemes,dense;calyxcampanulate,5-lobed;corollapapilion-aceous(butterfly-like),purplish-redorbluish-purple;stamens10,diadelphous;ovarysessile,taperingupwardstobecomeastyle.PlantMorphologybranchlet羽状的托叶总状花序花萼花冠雄蕊子房花柱Legume(pod)curvedtobesickle-like,denselycoveredwithbrownprickly

glandularhairs.Seeds2～8,black,smooth.FloweringseasonJun.～Jul.;fruitingseasonJul.～Aug..Itisusuallygrownwildinsunnycalcareousgrasslandsandalongthesandyriverbanks,andnowalsocultivated.DistributedinNortheastChina,NorthChinaandNorthwestChina.Legume：荚果prickly:多刺的calcareousglasslands：钙质草原

PlantMorphologyGlycyrrhizainflateBat.:Plantwithoutglandularhairs;leaflets3-7;Legumesmall,inflated.DistributedinXinjiangandGansu.GlycyrrhizaglabraL.:Plantwithoutglandularhairs;leaflets19;Legumeflatandstraight,glabrous.DistributedinXinjiang,QinghaiandGansu.PlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparation

Thedrugiscollectedinspringandautumn,removedfromstemsandrootlets,cutintosections(about1mlong),sunnedtobe60～70%dried,therootsandtherhizomesbeingbundledintobales,andthenpreservedinaventilateddryplaceuntildriedcompletely.Someofliquoricerootsaredeprivedofthecork.Itiscalledstarchyliquorice(粉甘草).ventilated:通风的bales：大包，捆DescriptionRadixGlycyrrhizaUralensis:Rootscylindrical.2～100cmlong,0.6～3.5cmindiameter.Externallyreddish-brownorgrayish-brown,showingirregularlongitudinalwrinklesandfurrows,numeroustransverselenticel-likeprotrusionsandsparserootletscars.Sometimestheouterbarkscalingoff,theexposedsurfaceappearingyellow.furrows：沟纹sparse：稀疏的Texturecompact,fracture

fibrous,yellowish-white,starchy,cambiumringdistinct,raysradiate,somewithclefts.Rhizomescylindrical,externallywithbudscars,pithpresentinthecentreoffracture.Odour,slight;taste,sweetandcharacteristic.cleft：裂隙;budscars：芽痕;pith：髓Description纤维性的RadixGlycyrrhizae

Inflatae:Rootsandrhizomeswoodyandstout,somebranched,theouterbarkrough,greyish-brown,Texturecompact,morelignifiedfibresandlessstarchy,Rhizomeswithmoreandlargeadvantitiousbuds.RadixGlyvyrrhizae

Glabrae:Textureofrootandrhizomesrelativelycompact,somebranched,theouterbarknotrough,greyish-brown,

lenticelssmallandindis-tinct.Description木化纤维MicroscopicalcharactersTransversesection:Corkconsistingofseverallayersofbrowncells.Cortexrelativelynarrow.Phloemraysbroad,mostlycurved,frequentlywithclefts;mostphloemfibresinbundles,unlignifiedorslightlylignified,surroundedbyparenchymatouscellscontainingprismsofcalciumoxalate;sievetubetissueoftenpressedtobecollapsed.Fascicularcambiumdistinct.Xylemrays3～5cellswide;vesselsfrequentupto160μmindiameter;xylemfibresinboundless,surroundedbyparenchymatouscellscontainingprismsofcalciumoxalate.Rootswithoutpithatthecentre;rhizomespossessingpithatthecentre.phelloderm【显微特征】横切面：(1)木栓层细胞红棕色；(2)韧皮部由韧皮纤维束、韧皮薄壁细胞及筛管群等间隔排列；(3)形成层环不甚明显；(4)木质部导管直径大，单个或2～3个成束；(5)韧皮部和木质部均有晶纤维；(6)薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。Powder:Brownish-yellow.Fibresinbundles,8～14μmindiameter,thick-walls,slightlylignified,surroundedbyparenchymatouscellscont