备战高考英语一轮复习第十八套英语8Units1-2单元训练(B卷,含解析)-人教版高三全册英

封密不订装只号位座号场考

卷号某某名姓级班匕止单元训练金卷・高三・英语卷〔B〕

英语8Units1-2须知事项：.答题前，先将自己的姓名、某某号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将某某号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。.选择题的作答：每一小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。.考试完毕后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第1卷第一局部听力〔共两节，总分为30分〕略第二局部阅读理解〔共两节，总分为40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每一小题2分，总分为30分〕阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项［A、B、C和D〕中选出最优选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AUrbanTransportationinCanadaPublictransportation&TransitpassesAllcitiesandmostmajortownsinCanadahaveapublictransportationsystemwithoneormoremodesoftransPortation(bus,subway,train,etc.).ThebusisthemostcommonformofurbantransportationinCanada.Tousepublictransportation,youmustpurchaseaticketoratransitpass.Transitpassesallowyouunlimiteduseofpublictransportationforaspecificperiod(onemonthormore).Theyareusuallycheaperthanbuyingmanyticketsifyouplantousepublictransportationoften.TransportationforpeoplewithdisabilitiesPublictransportationoftenhasfeaturestoassistpeoplewithdisabilities.Inmanyworncitiesandtowns,therearealsotransportationservicesavailablespecificallyforpeoplewithlimitedmobility,suchasspeciallyequippedbuses.Youcanfindoutabouttheseservicesinthesamewayyouwouldlearnmoreaboutotherpublictransportationoptions.EtiquetteonpublictransportationWhentakingpublictransportationsuchasabusortrain,itisimportanttounderstandtheunspokenrulesofconductinthesharedspace.Hereareafewthingstonote:♦Bepoliteandrespectfultoothersaroundyou.Forexample,maintainanappropriatenoiselevelwhentalkingormakingaphonecall.♦Ifyouarecarryingabackpackoralargeshoulderbaginacrowdedpublictransitvehicle,keepitclosetoyou,preferablyatyourfeettoavoidhittingpeoplewithitasyouwalkby.♦Avoidpushingortouchingothersinordertomakemoreroomforyourself.Sometimespublictransitcanbecomeverycrowded,butitisimportanttokeepcalmandgiveothersappropriatepersonalspace.♦Haveyourproofofpaymentaccessibleincaseyouareaskedtoshowit.Whatistheadvantagesofusingtransitpassesoverbuyingtickets?A.Lowercosts.B.Safertrips.C.Longerservicehours.D.Moreuseoftransport.Howdoesthetransportationsystemhelppeoplewithdisabilities?Byofferingfewertransportationoptions.Byrunningspecialtransportservices.Bylimitingtheirmobilityoncitybuses.Byprovidingfreeridesintownsandcities.Whatisconsideredimpoliteonpublictransportation?A.Loweringyourspeakingvoice. B.Placingbackpacksatyourfeet.C.Havingyourproofofpaymentathand.D.Stayingclosetootherpassengers.BItwasacoldwinter.Thewindblewallnightandthesnowwasblinding.Whenmorningcame,mythreechildrenandIgotupandmadeourwaytothewindows.Aswelookedoutofthewindow,wesawthatthehenhousewasgone.Ourthreehenshadbeenblownawaybythecoldwind.Ilookedattheemptinessoutside.ThenIsawallthreechickenssittingaroundtheedgeofawhitebucket.ICoUIdrι'tbelievemyeyes!Howwasthisviolentwindnotblowingthemintothefieldbeyond?Iquicklypulledonlongsnowpantsandheavywintercoat,wrappedascarfaroundmyneckandstuckmyfeetintolargeboots.Ishoutedatthewindasitblew.Iwasalone,strugglinginthesnow.Theystaredoutthewindowintothevastwhiteseaofsnow,peeringatanysignofmovement.OutsideIheardthesoundofmybootsasIwalkedagainstthewind.Asthesnowcircledaroundme,Isteadilymademywaytothesoftcluck-cluck-clucksoundmyhensalwaysmade.WhenIreachedthem,Isawthattheirlittlefeetwereholdingontotheedgeofthebucket,headsbentforwardandawayfromthewind.Igentlyliftedeachhenandputitcarefullyintothewarminside.ThenIbeganthefreezingwalkbacktothesmallsheddirectlybehindourhouse.OnebyoneIlaidmychickensonthecoldfloor,andtheybegantoclucksoftly.AsIshutthesheddoors,myeyeswentdirectlytothewindowwheremychildrenwerewatching.Theyjumpedupanddowncheering,andsodidI!IWaSrι'tsomedragonSlayer（屠龙者）fromafairytale.Iwassimplyamom,butthelookonmychildrensfacestoldmethattheythoughtIwasaheromom.Seeingallthreechickenssittingaroundthebucket,theauthorfelt?A.worried. B.incredible. C.shy. D.confident.Fromthestory,weknowthat.theauthor'schildrenlikeddragonslayers.theauthorenjoyedherselfinthesnow.theauthorstruggledtobeahero.thechildrenwatchedtheirmotheralltheway.Howdoestheauthorreachthehens?Byfollowingthesoundofthehens.Bywearingprotectiveclothes.Bysearchingforthewhitebucket.Byshoutingatthehenhouse.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Weatherinextreme. B.Hensintrouble.C.Kindnessinneed. D.Herointhesnow.CCHICAGO（Reuters）—SmokingnotonlycanWrinkle（皱纹）thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody,researchersreportedonMonday.Thestudy,publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody-evenskinprotectedfromthesun.“Weexaminedno∏-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacks,ofcigarettesmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced."Dr.Yolanda,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.“Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsaged45to65years."Yolanda,steamaddedintheirreport.Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerrightarms.Theyranged,inagefrom22to91andhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson,sskinwas.Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,especiallytheface,itbecomescoarse（⅛糙的）.Wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint,Yolanda,steamwrote.SeveralpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingledtoPrematUre（过早的）skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.Thereportdidnotdiscussdiemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodVeSSelS（血管）beneaththeskintoConStriCt（紧缩），reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissue（组织）thatsupportsbothdieskinandtheinternalorgans.Itcanbeinferredfromthestudy.smokingwon'taffectskinprotectedfromthesunsmokingwilldodamagetoskinratherthanotherorganssmokersover65usuallywon'tworryabouttheirskintheageofsmokersisnotconnected,withtheresultofthetestWhenyourskinisexposedtosunlightlong,itbecomesallofthefollowingbut.A.fIexibleB.coarseC.rough D.discoloredAccordingtothepassage,howwrinkledaperson'sskinisdoesn'trelateto.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesthekindandcharacteristicsofskinhowlongapersonsmokeshowlongskinisundersunlight31.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.informpeopleaboutthestudyofskinadvisepeoplehowtoprotectskinwarnpeoplenottosmokeagainintroduceanewwayofavoidskinagingDUntilrecently,voicecloning—orvoicebanking,asitwasthenknown—wasacustomizedindustrywhichservedthoseatriskoflosingthepowerofspeechtocancerorsurgery.SyntheSiZing（合成）avoicewasalongandexpensiveprocess.Itmeantrecordingmanyphrases,eachspokenmanytimes,withdifferentthehistoryoftheKidPassblogemotionalemphases（重音）andindifferentcontexts（statement,question,commandandsoforth）,inordertocoverallpossiblepronunciations.Avoice-bankingcompanyoftenchargesalotandrequiresaspeakertospenddaysinasoundstudio.Notanymore.Softwareexiststhatcanstorepiecesofrecordedspeechwhichismerelyfivemillisecondslong,eachmarkedwithaprecisePitCh（音高）.Thesecanbeputtogethertomakenewwords,andadjustedindividuallysothattheyfitharmoniouslyintotheirnewsonichomes.Thisismuchcheaperthanconventionalvoicebanking,andpermitsnovelusestobedeveloped.ThisyearVivoTextplanstoreleaseanappthatletsusersselecttheemphasis,speedandlevelofhappinessorsadnesswithwhichindividualwordsandphrasesareproduced.Mr.Silbertreferstotheemotivequalityofthehumanvoiceas“theultimateinstrument.Yetthispoweralsotroubleshim.VivoTextlicensesitssoftwaretoHasbro,anAmericantoymakerkeentosellincreasinglyinteractiveplaythings.Hasbroisaware,Mr.Silbertnotes,thatwithoutsafeguardsanaughtychildmight,forexample,typeimpolitewordsonhismother,ssmartphoneinordertoseeayoungersiblingburstintotearsonhearingthemspokenbyatoyusingmum,svoice.Moretroubling,whentestedagainstvoice-biometricssoftwarelikethatusedbymanybankstoblockunauthorizedaccesstoaccounts,morethan80%ofthefakevoicestrickedthecomputer.AlanBlack,oneofFestvox,sdevelopers,thinkssystemsthatrelyonvoice-IDsoftwarearenow“deeply,fundamentallyinsecure'7.Dr.Saxenaandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteersifavoicesamplebelongedtoapersonwhoserealspeechtheyhadjustlistenedtoforabout90seconds.Thevolunteersrecognizedclonedspeechassuchonlyhalfthetime（ie,nobetterthanchance）.Theoutcome,accordingtoGeorgePapcun,anexpertwitnesspaidtodetectfakerecordingsproducedasevidenceincourt,istheappearanceofatechnologywith“enormouspotentialvaluefordisinformation".Asmightbeexpected,countermeasurestorecognizesuchdeception（欺骗）arebeingdeveloped.NuanceCommunications,amakerofvoice-activatedsoftware,isworkingonalgorithms（算法）thatdetecttinyskipsinfrequencyatthepointswhereslicesofspeecharestucktogether.Adobe,bestknownasthemarkerofPhotoshop,ansynthesizedbyavoice-cloningsoftwarecalledVoCoitisdeveloping.Suchtechnologymayhelpcomputersrecognizesuspiciousspeech.Evenso,itiseasytoimaginethechaosthatmightbecreatedinaworldwhichmakesiteasytoputauthentic-soundingwordsintothemouthsofopponents—betheycolleaguesorheadsofstate.Paragraphs1and2aremainlyabout.significantelementsinfluencingvoicecloningpossibleapplicationsofvoicecloninginrealitycomplexitiesofcreatingasyntheticcopyofavoicedifferencesbetweentraditionalandexistingvoicebankingWhat'sHaSbro'sattitudetowardsVivoTest'snewapp?A.Optimistic. B.Conservative. C.Unconcerned. D.Subjective.TheexperimentcarriedoutbyDr.Saxenaandhiscolleaguesshowsthatvolunteers.identifiedclonedspeechinabout45secondspreferredarealspeechtoavoicesampleprovedonlyalittlehardertofoolthansoftwarefoundithardtousethesoftwaretorecordtheirvoicesWhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Investmentsshouldbeincreasedtoadvancevoicecloning.Long-termmeasuresshouldbetakentopopularizetheideaofvoicecloning.Disagreementsamongfirmsaboutthewaytotreatvoicecloningaregettingserious.Problemsofvoicecloningareunavoidabledespitetheeffortsthathavebeenmade.第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节，总分为45分〕第一节完形填空〔共20小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为30分〕阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最优选项。“AllmenarecreatedequaΓ,isoneideathatnearlyeveryAmericanwouldagreeupon.41theysometimesbetraytheideaintheirdailylives,theyhaveadeepfaith42insomefundamentalwaynooneisbornsuperiortoanyoneelse.IntheearlyyearsofAmericanhistory,becausetitlesofnobility（贵族）wereforbidden,no43classsystemdevelopedintheUnitedStates.Firmlybelievingthatbeingbornintoalowerclasswouldnot44themfromsuccessandtheywouldhaveabetterchanceinAmerica,thousandsofimmigrants45toleavetheEuropeansocieties,wheretheir46inlifewasdetermined47bythesocialclassintowhichtheywereborn.Itwasbecausethedreamsofmanyoftheseimmigrantswere48intheirnewcountry,thoughtheremightbe49insomesituations,thatAmericanscametobelieveinequalityofopportunity.Americansdonotmeanthateveryoneshouldbe50equalwhentheysaytheybelieveinequalityofopportunity.51,theydomeanthateachpersonshouldhaveanequalchanceforsuccess.AbrahamLincolnoncesaid,“Wewishto52thehumblest（最微贱的）mananequalchancetogetrichwitheverybodyelse.Whenonestartspoor,freesocietyis53thatheknowshecan54hiscondition.However,competitionisthepricetobe_55forhisequalityofopportunity.Americansmatchtheirenergyandintelligenceagainstthatofothersinacompetitivecontestforsuccess,becausetheybelievecompetition56.thebestinanyperson.Indeed,thepressureofcompetitioncausesanAmericantobe57,butitalsoplacesaconstantemotionalstressonhim.Infact,inasocietythatgivessomuch58tothose“winners”,59doesnotcompetesuccessfullyforwhateverreasonnever60intoitaswellasthosewhodo.41.A.Since B.AsC.Although D.Because42.A.what B.thatC.as D.which43.A.normal B.moralC.formal D.general44.A.benefit B.preventC.save D.limit45.A.forced B.requiredC.chose D.lookedforward46.A.place B.meaningC.function D.purpose47.A.slightlyB.largelyC.originallyD.publicly48.A.cometrueB.ruinedC.succeededD.realized49.A.excitementsB.expectationsC.exceptionsD.disappointments50.A.reallyB.totallyC.actuallyD.truly51.A.BesidesB.MeanwhileC.MoreoverD.Instead52.A.allowB.encourageC.approveD.share53.A.soB.theoneC.suchD.as54.A.enjoyB.betterC.maintainD.stand55.A.paidB.askedC.caredD.sought56.A.givesoutB.comesoutC.bringsoutD.standsout57.A.exhaustedB.energeticC.realisticD.effective58.A.honorB.pressure C.happinessD.burden59.A.anyoneB.whoC.oneD.whoever60.A.entersB.fitsC.fallsD.matches第2卷第二节〔共10小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为15分〕阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容〔1个单词〕或括号内单词的正确形式。AmericanwriterTheodoreSeUssGeisel—better61(know)as“Dr.Seuss”,isoneoftheworld'smostfamousauthorsofbooksforchildren.March2,2017washis113thbirthday.Hewasbornin1904inMassachusettsand62(die)in1991.63hishonor,March2iscalledboth“Dr.SeussDay”and,inmanyplaces,“WorldBookDay”.Theaimoftheobservanceistocelebrateliteratureandurgechildrenaroundtheworldtoread.Dr.Seussisfamousforhisfantasticaland64(humor)booksforyoungchildren.Hisbooks65(fill)withcolorfulpicturesandfunrhymes.Dr.Seuss'66(work)include“TheCatintheHat”,“GreenEggsandHam”and“TheLorax”.Dr.Seusshelpedgenerationsofchildrenlearntoread—andtolovereading.Hisbookshavebeenpublishedinsome20languages.Manypeopleused“WorldBookDay"67(express)thanksforDr.Seuss'books.IfyoumissedoutonWorldBookDay,youwillhave68chancelaterthisyeartocelebratebooksandreading.TheUnitedNationsmarksWorldBookandCopyrightDayonApril23.Thatisthedateon69severaloftheworld's70_(great)writersdied.TheyincludeEngland'sWilliamShakespeareandMigueldeCervantesofSpain.第四局部写作〔共两节，总分为35分〕第一节短文改错〔共10小题；每一小题1分，总分为10分〕文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉与一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔八〕，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误与其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者〔从第11处起〕不计分。OnedaywhenIwasonmywaytohomefromschool,Ifoundabuildingonfire.ImmediatelyIcalledthefirefighters.Severalminuteslately,thefirefightersarrivedandtriedtheirbesttocontrolthefire.Withthehelpofthefirefighters,alotofpeoplesleftthebuildingsafely.Suddenaforeignwomancameinahurrytotellthefirefighterseverything.Buttheycan'tunderstandwhatshesaid.Iwenttothewomanandaskedherthatwashappening.Shetoldmethathisdaughterwasstillinthebuilding.Itoldthefirefightersaboutitatonce.Theyimmediatelyrunintothebuildingandrescuedli