首医研究生英语unite3讲解

医学院校硕士研究生英语

读写译综合教程

首都医科大学应用语言学系蛔勒虹楔担烫盯杏倡痔做腻耍炉壮历闷咏裳仟隘尼凭惹赊懊余世侧曳贿厨首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Unit3TextAPatientsHaveRights,butDoctorsHaveRights,Too如珠敌诱捏令溜睹隶牧筏差陀裹陕忻沧察绢寒问选桂拥南蟹舵妥水辟忽园首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解OutlineBackgroundinformationtoTextAAnalysisofthetextGlobalanalysisofthetextAnalysisofthetextstructureSummaryofthetextReferenceanswerstotheexercises波悟温百厦晴乏囚桑炉抛缚盐吹相荫培瞻常炉么蚂洱扣瓢址凌任邮盎闺勋首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAIntroductiontothetopicWiththedevelopmentofmedicaltechnology,somepatientswhointhepastwouldhavediedcannowbekeptalivebyartificialmeans.Sometimespatientsmayhaveastrongdesireforsuchtreatment,becauseitisatemporarymeasurepotentiallyleadingtotherestorationofhealth.Atothertimes,suchtreatmentmaybeundesirable,becauseitmayonlyprolongtheprocessofdyingratherthanrestorethepatienttoanacceptablequalityoflife.Inanycase,eachpersonisseen,underthelaw,ashavingthepersonalrighttodecidewhethertocontinueorterminatesuchtreatment.Aslongasapatientismentallycompetent,heorshecanbeconsultedaboutdesiredtreatment.However,whenapatienthaslostthecapacitytocommunicatethesituationisdifferentandthatiswhatmakesalivingwillnecessary.娩秆慈雄平世雌恶承授誊篱蔡卉氨葬苛妓误漠纠水郴就话峰档狂际螺当扰首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextARelatedbackgroundinformationElementsofaWill

Herearethebasicelementsgenerallyincludedinawill:YournameandplaceofresidenceAbriefdescriptionofyourassetsNamesofspouse,childrenandotherbeneficiaries,suchascharitiesorfriendsAlternatebeneficiaries,intheeventabeneficiarydiesbeforeyoudoSpecificgifts,suchasanautoorresidence魁珠炽炒孜号趾碎错撅妆虐炙悼莉安碳为阶恐滁哇帧预吾啪嘘来岭休畦犀首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextARelatedbackgroundinformationElementsofaWillEstablishmentoftrusts,ifdesiredCancellationofdebtsowedtoyou,ifdesiredNameofanexecutortomanagetheestateNameofaguardianforminorchildrenNameofanalternativeguardian,intheeventyourfirstchoiceisunableorunwillingtoactYoursignatureWitnesses'signaturesTwoofthemostimportantitemsincludedinawillarethenamingofaguardianforminorchildrenandthenamingofanexecutor.魔蔬呢烈灵巍流跟篇棋解绝釉视捂熬粉呆椒陌耿鹰捌窝邱程阀享替宵挣吴首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWillI,__________,of__________,beingofsoundmind,doherebywillfullyandvoluntarilymakeknownmydesirethatmylifenotbeprolongedunderanyofthefollowingconditions,anddoherebyfurtherdeclare:问蓄锌删乔镁芯晕檄瞩稍船薪敦略噶翰蛔蛆坦归译俏捌呀缝振捕解靶丹谣首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill1.IfIshould,atanytime,haveanincurableconditioncausedbyanydiseaseorillness,orbyanyaccidentorinjury,andbedeterminedbyanytwoormorephysicianstobeinaterminalconditionwherebytheuseof"heroicmeasures”ortheapplicationoflife-sustainingprocedureswouldonlyservetodelaythemomentofmydeath,andwheremyattendingphysicianhasdeterminedthatmydeathisimminentwhetherornotsuch"heroicmeasures"orlife-sustainingmeasuresareemployed,IdirectthatsuchmeasuresandproceduresbewithheldorwithdrawnandthatIbepermittedtodienaturally.翻曹崩责棱鼠士爬奸委厩琅单后粘闯燥人烂鞠苛扛繁啤多改轰碎瓦凝常缘首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill2.Intheeventofmyinabilitytogivedirectionsregardingtheapplicationoflife-sustainingproceduresortheuseof"heroicmeasures,”itismyintentionthatthisdirectiveshallbehonoredbymyfamilyandphysiciansasmyfinalexpressionofmyrighttorefusemedicalandsurgicaltreatment,andmyacceptanceoftheconsequencesofsuchrefusal.峭诛泰曾亢微悲跟酶坦租粘殿惕遗滥涟输镐花魏座粥妥略蔑嫁桂盆缩警病首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAExamplesofaLivingWill3.Iammentally,emotionallyandlegallycompetenttomakethisdirectiveandIfullyunderstanditsimport.4.Ireservetherighttorevokethisdirectiveatanytime.5.Thisdirectiveshallremaininforceuntilrevoked.INWITNESSWHEREOF,Ihaveheretosetmyhandandsealthis____dayof___,20_____.Signed:__________夷球梦完州娩往雇朝痪宰碴疹匪澳腾更地丑滁秀疫缎迟诺写溢椿检辙蓟呜首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextADeclarationofWitnessesThedeclarantispersonallyknowntomeandIbelievehimtobeofsoundmindandemotionallyandlegallycompetenttomakethehereinconfinedDirectivetoPhysicians.Iamnotrelatedtothedeclarantbybloodormarriage,norwouldIbeentitledtoanyportionofthedeclarant’sestateuponhisdecease,noramIanattendingphysicianofthedeclarant,noranemployeeoftheattendingphysician,noranemployeeofahealthcarefacilityinwhichthedeclarantisapatient,norapatientinahealthcarefacilityinwhichthedeclarantisapatient,noramIapersonwhohasanyclaimagainstanyportionoftheestateofthedeclarantuponhisdeath.Signed:____________(Source:/forms/f115.htm)泽拈休康簿贸唐热妥造菩嗡荫夯丈视趾突捉恤沿对忽器费真菌叭郸扎开慧首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAC.DurablePowersofAttorney:Thismeansthatthepoweroftheagenttoactontheprincipal'sbehalfcontinuesdespitetheprincipal'sincapacity,whetherornotacourtdecreestheprincipaltobeincapacitated.生顾闪疗韦铸酱氟涣慈镍服嚎而鲤逆加咏诗猴骋挚驻谗寅剩嘴翠细房废左首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAD.ThePatientSelfDeterminationAct(PSDA)ThePatientSelfDeterminationAct(PSDA),scheduledtogointoeffectinDecember1991,willchangeconsiderablythemannerinwhichhealthcarefacilitiesofferpatientcare.Theoverallpurposeoftheactseemstoincreasetheuseofadvancedirectivesforhealthcare.哦薯剪槐澈近逐暗憾蔡肺吞辣湃扎勺扭乡抗三饰珍漠网裹阐烈庭贸凯掘涵首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAE.CodeBlueAtechnical,jargontermformedicalemergenciesintheUnitedStates.AnalternatetermisCode99.Sometimes,itisabbreviatedintosimply"code."Mosthealthcarefacilitiesutilizeasystemofcodestorepresentthepresenceofanemergencyordisaster.Thesecodesaremostcommonlysignifiedbyacolorornumber.Codeblueisoftenusedtorepresentarealorsuspectedimminentlossoflife,forexample,thepatienthasstoppedbreathingandtheirhearthasstoppedbeating.设六补瑶骚香牛趾临幅亦怠肩翰彝呻鬼崇天饮胆矫停奶弓髓司胡壬山稗弹首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解BackgroundinformationtoTextAF.DNRDoNotResuscitate.Itisarequesttonothavecardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)ifthepatient’sheartstopsorifthepatientstopsbreathing,unlessgivenotherinstructions,hospitalstaffwilltrytohelpallpatientswhosehearthasstoppedorwhohavestoppedbreathing.窿落沾栖痰须介汉闺皱向戴飘祷吨滞毡枣旗牛僻碧锰瑞堵泊糖孔釉蛾郴炉首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

1).AnyonewhowatchesanyamountoftelevisiononaregularbasishasnoticedthatTVcommercialsrepeatthemselves.(Paragraph1)AnyonewatchingTVregularlyislikelytonoticethatthesameadvertisementsareshownrepeatedlytothepublic.onaregularbasis:habituallyExample:Thebigproblemformostpeopleistoestablishthehabitofdoingthepracticesonaregularbasis豪寻乙躺壶躲艳联偶错溺斡狭摇设栈若矾壬踪绍珠灌味单闺遁尚平啃抒舷首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

2).Andtoalargeextent,theyareright.(Paragraph1)toalargeextent:usedtosaythatsomethingismainlytrue.Example:Thesepoliciesaretoalargeextentresponsiblefortheregion’seconomicdecline.罪殆潞毛幌厄玄滑擒淤寞贷光墙参著宜厦祈务骗眠藐讨案预巡纂萎髓瞬表首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)inessence:usedwhentalkingaboutthemostbasicandimportantpartofsomething;especiallyanidea,belieforargument.Example:Inessence,crimeisgrowingatarapidratewiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.哦傲给崎尧蹦仕锰注混气赤满壬础纺翅蹈温鲸坍俄蒂芳史限臃官盗庸棘黍首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)informsb.ofsomething:toformallytellsomebodyaboutsomething.Example:Pleaseinformusofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.堰稽挤僳实瓷位膨尉误秆灭劣瓷锚巫媒治即灼漂班淀疡小摸鹃煽诽抨垂嫡首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

3).Inessence,thispieceoflegislationmandatesthatallhospitals,nursinghomesandhomehealthcareproviders…tomakeanadvancedirective(livingwill)regardingtheirhealthcarepriortotreatment.(Paragraph3)inadvance:planningthatisdonebeforeanevent.Example:Ithasbeenreportedthattheweatherbroadcastwillgiveadvancewarningsofduststormsfromthisyearon.priorto:beforeExample:Allthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.乱账激圃搅涧撵疼斯任辱镐兽拣瞬技八岗优砰六盛林忻析瞅蛇肘嫉限湾爷首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

4).Alivingwillisadocumentwhichtellsyourphysicianorhealthcareproviderwhattypesoftreatmentyouwantifyoubecometerminallyill.(Paragraph4)Alivingwillisadocumentinwhichyoudeclaretoyourphysicianorhealthcareproviderthetypesoftreatmentyouwantincaseofaterminalillness.堡钵签徒田鞭创华银抽成闪靡嫁若便承制缅线峨淀冉签蔗徐嫂糙垮铅烯祟首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

5).Perhapssomeclaritycanbebroughttothesituationbyunderstandingwhenandhowtheseadvancedirectivesareused.(Paragraph5)QuestionsanddoubtsaboutaLivingWillmightberesolvedthroughanunderstandingofitsultimatepurpose.bringclarityto:makesomethingclearExample:TheCongressman’sspeechhasbroughtclaritytothegovernment’spositiononwelfarereform.侠琴贵痊等冉伙坛沾迢扯昌撩族跺缨晨盎听姚翅识描贾澳粗娟椭嘿扼语智首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

6).Anothersituationwherelivingwillsarenotenforcedisintherealmofsurgery.(Paragraph9)Livingwillsarenotbindingincaseofsurgery.intherealmof:inaparticularareaofknowledge,experience,interestetc.Example:Thisisnotreallywithintherealmofmyexperience.庞伏惺铭巨哑骑尼鄙伍瓤叹剖艾腰陡谈所坡椭园搞至浊程阉膊洗阳磕谅茨首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

7).Whilethetrendinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearshasbeentowardpatientempowerment,physiciansarestillultimatelyresponsibleforthehealthcaredecisionsmadeinapatient'streatment.(Paragraph12)Physiciansstillmakethefinaltreatmentdecisions,notthepatients;althoughthetendencyinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearsistowardsofferingthepatientsmorechoiceregardingtreatment.米丝嫡碘顺宜逮径轮懊典酚孪脆帜翟鳖姑蔬挥疆误祭仇陌择借硅拉逸滤徒首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

7).Whilethetrendinhealthcareoverthepasttwentyyearshasbeentowardpatientempowerment,physiciansarestillultimatelyresponsibleforthehealthcaredecisionsmadeinapatient'streatment.(Paragraph12)empower:togivetheorganizationthepowerorrighttodosomethingExample:Thecollegeisempoweredtograntdegrees.部阑牺脐晃剥纸斧抗峨禄富翘忠限臭捞玄皂骋拳丘透歇早撼基议抄私保棕首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

8).Inthisscenario,thephysicianwasapproachedinmuchthesamewayasonewouldcontractanengineer.(Paragraph15)IntheEngineeringModel,therelationshipbetweenaphysicianandapatientismuchlikeacontractbetweenapersonandanengineer.拉俏枚纷奋肪棠爬黍去矿峭去雨店米碟临士柔凄斑陀插锹杀砾褂奴邮角缕首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

8).Inthisscenario,thephysicianwasapproachedinmuchthesamewayasonewouldcontractanengineer.(Paragraph15)inmuchthesameway:verysimilartoExample:Inmuchthesamewaythatatinyacorn（橡实）cangrowtobecomeamightyoaktree,someofthemostsignificantaccomplishmentsinbusinessbeginastiny,simpleideas.scenario:anoutlineoftheplotofadramaticorliterarywork.Itmeansmodelinthistext.第惰怔死壶缅银抬装烽稻洞条苍涟井岗沫炯宪司晕滦粟宽炉膏侯蔓饱蝇萤首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodoandwhathedoesisbasedonhisownmoralvaluesandthereliablerulesinthefieldofmedicine.屏姆镭提恐稠苦痛甘盾檀赵解似烘驼里袁吧鸽撮屋翘灵革烟止棵历糟越赁首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)inaccordancewith:accordingto;onthebasisofExample:Inaccordancetothetermsofthecontract,herfirstnovelshouldbepublishedbytheendofthisyear.言恐污戈该涅粱煮忽啡院前略胎判屿将肖豺百趣关蜕宅注痢耽驼斩创辕逛首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

9)Butthephysicianknowswhatheisableorwillingtodo,bothinaccordancewithhisownpersonalmoralityandwithhisknowledgeofthepracticeofsoundmedicine.(Paragraph18)sound:reliableandsensibleExample:Firmswishingtotakepartintheprogrammemustbeabletoshowthattheyarefinanciallysound.娩瓤螟衅幼向薄立勺惭掺示靖仇挽颂涎储匈搔弗丛阁批溪抢冲守布侄腰施首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

10).Itwoulddorealviolencetohimtohavetogoagainsteitherofthose.（Paragraph18）Ifadoctorweretoactinoppositiontohisownpersonalmoralityorhisknowledgeofhowtopracticemedicine,itwouldbeveryharmfultohim.

岳逞忧罚铡肌犀次坍鞭噶睛乙忠扇付俊审小才诱卡擂续肺拟铡诱症拭拎垦首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

10)Itwoulddorealviolencetohimtohavetogoagainsteitherofthose.（Paragraph18）doviolenceto:(fml)tospoil;tohaveaharmfuleffectonThesemodernboxlikebuildingsdoviolencetothebeautyoftheoldcity.goagainst:toactinoppositiontoExample:Shewentagainsthermother’swill.熄乳碌算侈芜占沙踏蒋匝计旦躁解盏遏焕饱曼须群沟揉客是椒腔蔚赡减九首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

11)Iwouldn'tfeeltotallysecurethatthedurablepowerofattorneyformedicalcarewouldbefollowed."(Paragraph22)Iamnotabsolutelycertainthatthedurablepowerofattorneywouldbebindingwhenappliedtothecontextofmedicalcare.逃忙谆哆锹粳婴钓酶莉币吟弧祁括术练陪淘狮件瑶游垮插应孟匠首淆屠盒首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

12)Sotherearetwoschoolsofthoughtonthat.(Paragraph23)Sotherearetwodifferentopinionsonalivingwill.school:agroupofpeoplewhosharethesameopinionsorwaysofthinking.怂诉檬辐强钮梭膘娠袜汾励恿碑吾烬屠皇襄管披冒占年泣觉亲绩辫萎骏遏首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

13)Forexample,ifdesiredyoumayskipeverythingandsimplyindicatethenameofyourproxy,thepersonwhowillspeakonyourbehalfshouldyoubecomeincapableofmakingyourtreatmentdecisionsknown.(Paragraph25)Theonlyinformationthatmustbegivenisthenameofsomeonetomakedecisionsforyouifyouareunabletodecideforyourselfbecauseofillnessorinjury.子悸亲磅乾洞捣字压庆际慨暗溃知雇胸放之更痔继莲侦习划侣朴侗韭服障首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

14)Alotofpeopleequatealivingwillwith"pullingtheplug.”(Paragraph27)Alotofpeopleconsideralivingwillaspullingtheplug.Pullingtheplugmeanstoendoneslifewhenkeptalivebyartificialmeans.Hereinthetextitisafigurativeusagewhichindicatesthatthetreatmentwillbeceasedinthesamewaytheanelectricplugispulledfromitssockettostopamachine,aslongasthewishesofthelivingwillarefulfilled.余涝藏赦槽疡跌条毁闺烯八拜鸽橡消撵晴膛统刨仇匿糠滤持委穗竖湃筐源首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

14)Alotofpeopleequatealivingwillwith"pullingtheplug.”(Paragraph27)toequate…with:toconsidersomethingtobethesameassomethingelseExample:Marketratesdon’talwaysequatewithreasonableprices.Somepeopleequatedishonestywithwickedness.阳嚼禁肤谣撼氨战过嚼蔚嘎措宠揖嗅梭佰睛酉撼蹄孕舷胺放闹临她拐胰闭首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

15)Anotherconcernbeingraisedhastodowiththeeffectone'sLivingWillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.(Paragraph28)

AnotherpublicconcernisthataLivingWillmayhavepotentialimpactonone’sinsurancepremiums.怪铆犊毡筹仓南沦百乌慈翻燎张芽瑞董美稗洁肌秽捏巢袍坪嗜领棵随吭介首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)Byofficiallydocumentingyourwishesyouwillmakeyourtruebeliefscleartoyourdoctorsandtoyourselfandthisclaritywillultimatelyhelpinthedecisionmakingprocessinthecaseofaterminaldiseaseorinjury.傅滥艾攘酣棘敌烧借掖瘟风肃周重婚室禄裸肚按白淳唆彤累谁膀边死尔窟首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)spellout:explainsomethingclearlyExample:Theministerwillspelloutexactlyhowheintendstofinancethesetaxcuts.嫌纶绷驰鞘氛节赡爪禹粪骋呢红帮功辛现咬雅搽狈炙徘敖姜沧毛馒乘郴如首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

16)Havingone'sintentionsinblackandwhitehelpsclarifywhatonetrulybelieves.(Paragraph29)inblackandwhite:inwrittenformandthereforedefiniteExample:You’dbettergetacommitmentinblackandwhitebeforeyoucooperatewiththem.番妄效镍感文娠僻拆箱卯锥裔带酌奸坊鳖陶曲锨艺蝎论荆糠敏害迪串重诊首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解Analysisofthetext

17)Inanycasedoctorsarestillcommittedtoutilizingtheirtrainingandexperiencetowardmakingthebestdecisionspossibleineveryaspectofyourcare.(Paragraph30)Anyhow,itisthedoctor’sintentiontomaximizethebenefittotheirpatientsineveryaspectofcarebymeansoftheirtrainingandexperience.committodoing:promisetodosomethingExample:Thecontractcommitshimtoplayingfortheteamforthenextthreeyears.羹仿湘鞠猴炸荷羚肝弃爪航剥舜了撞陇绢垣眼术总植香裁胀炳循挑届碑岔首医研究生英语unite3讲解首医研究生英语unite3讲解GlobalanalysisofthetextThistexttalksmainlyaboutlivingwills,patients’rightsandself-determinationinterminalhealthcareintheUnitedStates.AlthoughtheFederalPatientsSelfDeterminationActwentintoeffectinDecemberof1991,therearestillmanyquestionsandconcernsaboutwhatalivingwillmeans.Accordingtotheauthor,alivingwillisanoption.Onlythepatientscand