全国公共英语一级写作专题训练(二)

专题训练（二）如何改写句子改写句子共有三道题，主要考查考生在意思相同的情况下，对不同句型的表达方式的掌握。改写句子最基本的要求是保证改写后的句子和原句的意思大体相同。以填空的形式命题吗，考生须填补空白并使补全的句子与原句意思一致。该部分要求考生要仔细阅读原句，准确理解其含义，将原句和目标句相互比较，找出需要补全的内容，正确改写句子。说明1、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去时”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般将来时：will／shall

be＋taught现在进行时：am／is／are

being＋taught过去进行时：was/werebeing＋taught现在完成时：have／has

been＋taught过去完成时：hadbeen+taught将来完成时：will/shallhavebeen+taught（一）主动语态与被动语态的转换Manyworkersbuiltthisfactoryin2001.Thisfactory_________bymanyworkersin2001.wasbuilt2、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(3)根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。(4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All

the

people

laughed

at

him.

——He

was

laughed

at

by

all

people.

They

make

the

bikes

in

the

factory.

——The

bikes

are

madeby

themin

the

factory.3、特殊情况(1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例:Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.(2)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例:Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.

可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.练习MarryteachesmeEnglish._________________________________.2.Tomwillgiveabooktoheronherbirthday.__________________________________.3.LiLeiwascleaningtheclassroomwhenIcamein.___________________________________.4.Healwaysmakesmelaugh.____________________________________.TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyLiLeiwhenIcamein.Iamalwaysmadetolaughbyhim.二、直接引语与间接引语的转换【经典例题】

Heaskedme,“Whereareyougoing?”

Heaskedme__________________.

whereIwasgoing相关定义直接引语：直接引用别人的话，要加引号

例如：妈妈说:“小王是个好人。”Mothersaid,“XiaoWangisagoodperson.”间接引语：用自己的话来转述别人的话，不加引号。

例如：妈妈说小王是个好人。MothersaidthatXiaoWangisagoodperson.一、如何变人称

口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

Mr.

Smith

said,“Jack

is

a

good

boy.”→Mr.

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

一般现在时→一般过去时态；Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)一般将来时→过去将来时She

said,"He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewas

goingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.3)现在进行时→过去进行时；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewas

readingabook.

注意：以下几种情况时态

不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→The

teacher

said

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.三、如何变句型1.直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.2.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.

He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim。

“Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?”

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.”句型

。如：

1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteachersaid

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.Exercise1.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhismother_______________foundit.2.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.3.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.how___shehadwhereIhadthoseifIlived4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.6.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.risesgoeshadbeforeheate7.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.8.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.10.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______metth