2022年福建省福州市第三十一中学高二英语下学期期末试卷含解析

2022年福建省福州市第三十一中学高二英语下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Itsuddenly________tomethattheywenttherebybike.A.occurred B.happened C.tookplace D.looked参考答案：A2.Ialmost___________laughingwhenIsawwhatshewaswearing.

A.burstout

B.burstin

C.burstinto

D.brokeout参考答案：A略3.Althoughthecoupledidn'tchoosetosleepinthewildinsteadofinthehotel，it________unexpectedlybeautiful.A.turnedup

B.turnedout

C.turneddown

D.turnedaround参考答案：B4.Itwas____hedid_____disappointedus.A.what,what

B.that,that

C.what,that

D.that,what参考答案：C5.—We’reorganizingapartynextSaturday,andI’dlikeyoutocome.—_________!Ihaveanotheronethatday.Thankyoujustthesame.A.Goodluck

B.Whatashame

C.Havefun

D.Welldone参考答案：B【详解】考查情景对话。句意：——我们下星期六要组织一个聚会，我想让你来。——真遗憾！那天我还有一个聚会。还是要谢谢你。A.Goodluck祝你好运；B.Whatashame真遗憾；C.Havefun玩得开心；D.Welldone做得好，根据题意，故选B。6.Canyoutellmewhat________her_________here?A.stop;fromcoming

B.stopped;fromcomingC.keep;fromcoming

D.prevent;comingto参考答案：B7.Thejobapplicantwasnotqualifiedforthevacantpositionashedidn’thavethe_______experienceasrequiredforthejob.

A.obvious

B.ambitious

C.relevant

D.apparent参考答案：C略8.Itisimportantformanufacturerstoidentifysome

problemsatthedesignstage.

A.potential

B.financial

C.personal

D.emotional参考答案：a略9.Theyoungmanrushedoutoftheroom,_______intohiscarandstartedithurriedly_______togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hoping

B.getting;andhoped

C.got;hoped

D.getting;hoped参考答案：A10.Atthemeetinghe

asuggestionthatalibrarybesetupinthetown.

A.putfor

B.putforward

C.setoff

D.comeupwith参考答案：B

11.Mr.Greendidn’tunderstand________madehisdaughtersoabsent-mindedthismorning.A.howthatwas

B.whatwasit

C.whyitwasthat

D.whatitwasthat参考答案：D12.NotuntilIdroppedoutofschool____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.Irealized

B.didIrealize

C.Ihadrealized

D.Ihadrealized参考答案：B13.Inthereading-room,wefoundWinifred____atadesk,withherattention_____onanovel．A．sitting;fixing

B．seating;fixedC．sitting;fixed

D．seated;fixing参考答案：C14.Kateis________skiing.Herfavouriteseasoniswinterwhenitoftensnows.A．tiredof

B．fedupwithC．wildabout D．curiousabout参考答案：Cbewildabout“热衷于……”，符合题意。15.

--Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.

--Hownice!You

adifferentculturethen.

A.haveexperienced

B.willbeexperiencing

C.havebeenexperiencing

D.willhaveexperienced参考答案：B16.Wewouldn’thavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold__________usaridehome.A.didn’toffer

B.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’toffered

D.hadn’toffered参考答案：D32、ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo

Icantosavethem.A.whatever

B.that

C.which

D.whichever参考答案：A略二、新的题型18.Whatisclone?Thenoun“clone”andtheverb“toclone”arenotusedconsistently.Inbiologyacloneisacelloranorganism,whichis_____51_____(genetic)thesameasanothercellororganism.Manysimpleorganismssuchasbacteriareproducethemselvesby_____52_____(copy)theirDNAandsplitting(分裂)inhalf.Theverb“toclone”refers_____53_____theprocessofcreatingclonedcellsororganisms.Theprocessdiffers,_____54_____(depend)onthekindsofcellsusedinthecloningprocedureandthedesiredresult.Usually,_____55_____scientistscloneananimal,theytakethenucleus(核)ofacellandplaceitintoaneggcellfrom_____56_____thenucleushasbeenremoved.Theeggcellthendividestoproduce_______57_______embryothatdevelopsananimaliftheproceduresworkas_____58_____(plan).Differentfromothercloningcases,Dollywascreatedfromaspecializedadultcell,_____59_____fromaveryearlyembryoniccellinwhichnospecialized_____60_____(tissue)begintodevelop.参考答案：51.genetically

52.copying

53.to

54.depending

55.when

56.which

57.an

58.planned

59.not

60.tissues这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关“克隆”的知识。【51题详解】考查副词。句意：在生物学中，克隆是一个细胞或一个有机体，它在遗传上与另一个细胞或有机体是相同的。该空作状语，应用副词，故填genetically。【52题详解】考查动名词。by是介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语，故填copying。【53题详解】考查介词。句意：动词“克隆”指的是创造克隆细胞或有机体的过程。refer常和介词to搭配，表示“指的是”，故填介词to。【54题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个过程是不同的，取决于克隆过程中使用的细胞种类和期望的结果。_____4_____(depend)onthekindsofcellsusedinthecloningprocedureandthedesiredresult是状语，主语theprocess和dependon…之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填depending。【55题详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：通常，当科学家克隆动物时，他们把细胞核放入一个卵细胞中，然后从中取出细胞核。结合句意，该空引导时间状语从句，故填when。【56题详解】考查定语从句。from_____6_____thenucleushasbeenremoved是定语从句，修饰aneggcell，引导词在从句中作from的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。【57题详解】考查冠词。句意：然后卵细胞分裂产生一个胚胎，如果这个过程按计划进行，胚胎就会发育成动物。embryo是可数名词，该处表示“一个胚胎”，且embryo的发音开头是元音音素，前面应用不定冠词an。故填an。【58题详解】考查状语从句的省略。as引导状语从句。该从句补充完整为：astheproceduresareplanned。根据主从句主语一致，从句中有be，省略从句的主语和be的原则，可将theproceduresare省略。故填planned。【59题详解】考查句意理解。句意：与其他克隆案例不同的是，多利是由一个专门的成年细胞创造的，而不是由一个早期的胚胎细胞创造的。故填not。【60题详解】考查名词。tissue是可数名词，意为“组织”，谓语动词为begin，根据主谓一致原则，主语应该和begin保持一致，用复数形式，故填tissues。三、阅读理解19.Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场)，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”33.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.34.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto

.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph