英语语法常见术语的英汉对照

英语语法常见术语的英汉对照语法术语英汉对照表Aactivesentence主动句activevoice主动态ability能力absoluteconstruction独立结构abstractnoun抽象名词adjective形容词adjunct修饰形状语adverb副词adverbofdegree程度副词adverboffrequency频度副词adverbofmanner方式副词adverbofplace地点副词adverboftime时间副词adverbial状语adverbialclauseofcause原因状语分句adverbialclauseofconcession让步状语分句adverbialclauseofcondition条件状语分句adverbialclauseofmanner方式状语分句adverbialclauseofplace地点状语分句adverbialclauseofpurpose目的状语分句adverbialclauseofresult结果状语分句adverbialclauseoftime时间状语分句adverbphrase副词词组affix词缀allomorph词素变体alternativeform替换形式alternativequestion选择性疑问句attachmentrule依着法则analyticform分析形式anaphoricreference后照应anaphoricspecificreference后照应特指antecedent先行项anticipatory"it"先行“it”antonym反义词appositive同位语appropriacy适合性aspect体assertiveword肯定次attribute定语attributiveclause定于从句auxiliary助动词Bbareinfinitive不带to不定式baseform原形basicclausetype分句基本类型/基本句型basicform基本形式be-passivebe-型被动态be-subjunctivebe-型虚拟式boundmorpheme粘附词素Ccardinalnumeral基数词case格cataphoricreference前照应cataphoricspecificreference前照应特指centraladjective中心形容词centraldeterminer中位限定词clausalsubstitution分句性替代clause分句clauseelement分句成分cleftsentence分裂句climax层进法closedclass封闭词类coherence连贯性cohesion粘着性collectivenoun集体名词combiningform组合形式command/imperativesentence祈使句commoncase通格commongender通性commonnoun普通名词communicativefunction交际功能comparativeclause比较分句comparativeconstruction比较结构comparativedegree比较级comparativereference比较照应complementation补足成分complexclause复杂分句complexpreposition复杂介词complexsentence复杂句complexsubordinator复杂从属连词complextransitiveverb复杂宾语及物动词complexverbphrase复杂动词词组compoundadjective复合形容词compoundadverb复合副词compound-complexsentence并列复杂句compoundconjunction复合连词compoundnoun复合名词compoundpredicate并列谓语compoundpreposition复合介词compoundpronoun复合代词compoundsentence并列句compoundsubject并列主语compoundverb复合动词compoundword复合词concord/agreement一致conditional条件句conjunction连词conjunctiveadverb连接副词conjunct连接性状语contentword实义词contractedform缩略形式contrastivemeaning对比含义coordinateelement并列成分coordinateconstruction并列结构coordinatesubject并列结构作主语coordinator并列连词coreferencepro-form指代词correctness正确性correlativecoordinator关联并列连词correlativesubordinator关联从属连词count/countablenoun可数名词Ddanglingparticiple悬垂分词definitearticle定冠词definitequantity确定数量definitespecificreference确定特指demonstrativedeterminer指示限定词demonstrativepronoun指示代词dependentclause从属分句derivationalaffix派生词缀derivative派生词derivativeadverb派生副词derivativenoun派生名词determination决心determinativegenitive限定词性属格determinativegenitivepronoun限定词性属格代词determiner限定词directobject直接宾语directspeech直接引语discontinuousmodification分隔修饰disjunct评注性状语ditransitiveverb双宾语及物动词doublegenitive双重属格doublenegative双重否定doublepredicate双重谓语doublerelativeclause双重关系分句dynamicadjective动态形容词dynamicverb动态动词Eearliertime先时性-edparticipleed-分词-edparticipleclause-ed分词分句ellipsis省略embeddedrelativeclause嵌入式关系分句emphasizer强调词emphaticuse强调性用法empty"it"虚义“it”endfocus句尾焦点endweight句尾重心exclamation/exclamatorysentence感叹句existentialsentence存在句explanatoryadverb解说副词Ffemininegender阴性finiteclause限定分句finiteform限定形式finiteverb限定动词finiteverbphrase限定动词词组firstperson第一人称focalelement中心成分four-wordpreposition四词介词fractionnumeral分数词freemorpheme自由词素fronting前置fullsentence完全句functionword功能词Ggender性generalquestion一般疑问句genitivecase属格genitivenoun名词属格genitivepronoun属格代词genericreference类指gerund动名词get-passiveget-型被动态gradable可等级的gradableadjective可等级形容词gradablenoun可等级名词grammaticalconcord语法一致grammaticalconnector语法纽带grammaticalform语法形式Hhead/headword中心词historicpresent历史性现在时hypotheticalmeaning假设意义Iimperativemood祈使式impliedconditional含蓄条件句indefinitearticle不定冠词indefinitedeterminer不定限定词indefinitequantity非确定数量indefinitepronoun不定代词indefinitespecificreference非确定特指independentclause独立分句independentgenitive独立属格indicativemood陈述式indirectobject间接宾语indirectspeech间接引语individualnoun个体名词infinitive不定式infinitiveclause不定式分句-ingparticiple-ing分词-ingparticipleclause-ing分词分句inflectionalaffix屈折词缀irregularplural不规则复数irregularverb不规则动词insistence坚持intention意图interjection感叹词interrogativedeterminer疑问限定词interrogativepronoun疑问代词intransitiveverb不及物动词inversion倒装invertedorder倒装词序Kkeyword关键词known/giveninformation已知信息Llatertime后时性lexicalconnector词汇纽带linkingverb连系动词locativeadverbial地点状语logicalconnector逻辑纽带logicalsubject逻辑主语Mmainclause主句mainverb主动词marginalsubordinator边际从属连词masculinegender阳性materialnoun物质名词minorsentence不完全句modalauxiliary情态助动词modalidiom情态成语modification修饰monotransitiveverb单宾语及物动词mood式morpheme词素morphemeword单词素词multiplicativenumeral倍数词multi-sentence-grouptext多语段语篇Nnear-synonym近义词necessity必然neutergender中性newinformation新信息nominalclause名词性分句nominalgenitivepronoun名词性属格代词nominalsubstitution名词性替代nominativeabsoluteconstruction独立主格结构nominativeabsoluteparticipleconstruction独立主格分词结构non-factualmeaning非事实意义non-finiteform非限定形式non-assertiveword非肯定词non-count/uncountablenoun不可数名词non-finiteclause非限定分句non-finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteverbphrase非限定动词词组non-gradableadjective非等级形容词non-referring"it"非指代性“it”non-restrictivemodifier非限制性修饰语non-restrictiverelativeclause非限制性关系分句normal/naturalorder正常/自然词序notionalconcord意义一致notionalsubject实义主语notionalverb实义动词noun名词nounofcommongender通性名词nounphrase名词词组nucleus调核number数Oobject宾语objectcomplement宾语补语objectivecase宾格obligation义务one-wordadjective单词形容词one-wordsubordinator单词从属连词openclass开放词类operator操作词ordinalnumeral序数词Pparallelconstruction平行结构paragraph段落partialnegation局部否定partitive/unitnoun单位词passivesentence被动句passivevoice被动态pastparticiple过去分词pastperfective过去完成体pastperfectiveprogressive过去完成进行体pasttense过去时pasttenseform过去时形式perfectiveaspect完成体peripheraladjective外围形容词permission许可person人称personalpronoun人称代词phrasalverb词组动词phrase词组pluralnumber复数positive/absolutedegree原级possessivecase所有格possessivedeterminer物主限定词possessivepronoun物主代词possibility可能postdeterminer后位限定词postmodifier后置修饰语postponement后置predeterminer前位限定词predicate谓语predication述谓成分predictability推测prediction预见prefix前缀premodifier前置修饰语preposition介词prepositionalphrase介词词组presentparticiple现在分词presentperfective现在完成体presentperfectiveprogressive现在完成进行体presenttense现在时presenttenseform现在时形式primaryauxiliary基本助动词principleofproximity就近原则pro-form替代形式progressiveaspect进行体pronoun代词propernoun专有名词pro-verb代动词pseudo-cleftsentence假分裂句Qquantifier量词quasi-coordinator近似并列连词question/interrogativesentence疑问句questiontag附加问句Rrealconditional真实条件句realsubject真主语reciprocalpronoun相互代词reference照应，所指referentialmeaning所指意义reflexiveform反身形式reflexivepronoun反身代词regularplural规则复数regularverb规则动词reinforcementtag强调附加结构relativeclause关系分句relativedeterminer关系限定词relativepronoun关系代词relativeword关系词reportingverb引述动词restrictiverelativeclause限制性关系分句restrictivemodifier限制性修饰语rhetoricalquestion修辞疑问句root词根Ssametime同时性secondperson第二人称semi-auxiliary半助动词sentencegroup语段，句群simpleclause简单分句simpleadverb简单副词simplenoun简单名词simplepast一般过去时simplepreposition一般介词simplepresent一般现在时simplesentence简单句simplesubordinator简单从属连词simpleverbphrase简单动词词组simpleword简单词single-sentence-grouptext单语段语篇single-wordverb单词动词singularnumber单数situationalreference语境特指specialquestion特殊疑问句specificreference特指squintingmodifier偏斜修饰语statement/declarativesentence陈述句stativeadjective静态形容词stativeverb静态动词strongvolition强意志subject主语subjectcomplement主语补语subjectivecase主格subject-verbconcord主-动一致subjunctivemood虚拟式subordinateclause从句/从属分句subordinateconstruction从属结构subordination从属substitution替代suffix后缀superlativedegree最高级supportingsentence辅助句supportingsentencegroup辅助语段synonym同义词syntheticform综合形式Ttagquestion附加疑问句temporaladverbial时间状语tense时text语篇textualrhetoric语篇修辞thirdperson第三人称three-wordpreposition三词介词to-infinitive带to不定式topicsentence主题句topicsentencegroup主题语段trailingsentence拖沓句transitionalword/phrase过渡词语transitiveverb及物动词two-wordpreposition双词介词Uunattachedparticiple无依着分词unemphaticuse非强调性用法unity统一性unit/partitivenoun单位词unrealconditional非真实条件句Vvariantform变体形式verbalsubstitution动词性替代verblessclause无动词分句verbphrase动词词组vocative呼语voice态/语态Wweakvolition弱意志were-subjunctivewere-型虚拟式wh-questionwh-问句willingness意愿wordclass词类wordorder词序Yyes-noquestion是非问句Zzeroarticle零冠词

常用英语语法术语词性类实词notionalword饲structuralword复合词compound词性partofspeech名词noun动词verb形容词adjective副词adverb数词number介词preposition连词conjunction感叹词exclamation名词名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun动词动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词non-finite/infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb原形baseform形容词

副词形容词adjective副词adverb原级positive比较级comparative最高级superalative方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时i间副词adverboftime地，点副词adverbofplace修饰性副饲adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb指代词类代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possesivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possecivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossesiveprnoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossesivepronoun冠词

数词冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral句子类从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句

attributiveclause状语从句

adverbialclause宾语从句

objectclause主语从句

subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句