虚拟语气经典讲解

虚拟语气讲解课件2021/5/911.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.

定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气定义2021/5/92虚拟语气的考点

1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、状语从句中虚拟语气的用法；5、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；6、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。2021/5/93一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法2021/5/94时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气2021/5/951.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反2021/5/965.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.与未来事实相反2021/5/97IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe___metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA2021/5/982、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；

假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中含有

should，were，had三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?Shoultherebe2021/5/993.混合(时间错综)型虚拟语气：

假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.2021/5/910

without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)

Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.4.含蓄虚拟条件句：2021/5/911

5.虚实结合条件句。

Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.Hetelephonedmetoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.Hecouldhavedonetheworkwell,buthewassocareless.真实语气+otherwise/or+虚拟语气虚拟语气+but+真实语气2021/5/912名词从句中虚拟语气的用法2021/5/9131）wish引导的宾语从句wish

现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might+V.shouldIwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)2021/5/9142）主要是表示坚持，命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command

三个建议：advise,suggest,propose四个要求：demand,require,request,desire

这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。2021/5/915我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.2021/5/916

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2021/5/9172.主语从句1）It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.2021/5/9182）It’sapity/nowonder…+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，表示惊讶，遗憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+动词原形1.Itisapitythatsheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.2.ItisnowonderthatJohnshouldhavewonthegame.2021/5/919名词性从句中的虚拟语气

A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在动词suggest,order,demand,request,desire,insist,require,decide,determine,advise,recommend,deserve(值得提及)后需用should型的虚拟语气。考题点击：Theteacherdemandedthatthework_____before4o’clock.A.finishedB.befinishedC.shouldfinishD.finish2.---Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyourmother’sillness?---Hesuggestedthatshe_____anoperationatonce.A.musthave B.had C.have D.hadhadBC2021/5/920B、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative…Itisapity,ashame,nowonder考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takes B.hastotake C.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDB2021/5/921C、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。

Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.try B.tries C.musttry D.cantryA2021/5/922状语从句中虚拟语气的用法2021/5/923

1）asif/asthough现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.2021/5/9242）incase,forfearthat,lest等引导的虚拟语气1.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.2.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbyou.2021/5/925常用虚拟语气的句型2021/5/9261.wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时2021/5/9272.Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!2021/5/9283.It’shightime+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgoto

bed.2021/5/929

经典题目1.

Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowhadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…know D.hadasked…wouldknow2.

Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherCD2021/5/9303.

HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)

A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbrokenBC2021/5/931陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题

5)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.

A.

willrain

B.rains

C.rained

D.israined

6)---Wouldyouhavecalledherup_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeen…was B.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…hadbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是willbeputoff。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用wouldhavecalled,从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A2021/5/932高考题点击

7)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tget B.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tget

D.

weredriv