初中被动语态专题

被动语态(PassiveVoice)学习目的:掌握被动语态构造以及时态变换导入：举例把字句和被字句他把门打开了。门被打开了。哪个是动作的执行者，哪个是动作的承受者学前自测（发现考点）()1.Don'tworry.Yourpackage____hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.haskeptB.willkeep C.hasbeenkeptD.willbekept()2.John___tocometotheteacher'sofficejustnow.Hemaybeintrouble.A.wastold B.told C.hastold D.tells()3.—Ihaven'tseenJohnformanyyears.How'shegoing?—Hebrokethelawand____toprison2yearsago.A.hassent B.weresent C.wassent D.wassending()4.—Whereareyourdogs,Mickey?—Thedogs____tothepetcentrelastweek.A.issent B.wassentC.aresent D.weresent()5.Somebeautifulflowers____toherdaughteronherlastbirthday.A.aregiven B.aregiving C.weregiven D.weregiving()6.—It'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstherivertoschool.—Iagreewithyou.Ithinkabridge____overtheriver.A.willbuildB.isbuilt C.shouldbebuiltD.wasbuilt()7.MrGreen____2minutestothinkaboutthefinaldecision.A.gives B.gave C.wasgiven D.willgive()8.—Sandy__tobehard-workingbyherparents.—SoamI.A.asks B.isasking C.asked D.isasked()9.Iwonderifthetalentshow___nextmonth.Ifthey____it,Imustgetreadyforit.A.willhold;holdB.willhold;willholdC.willbeheld;holdD.isheld;willhold()10.Thegarden____whiletheGreenswereawayfromhome.A.tookgoodcareofB.wastakengoodcareofC.takengoodcareofD.wastakinggoodcare学前自测1-5DACDC 6-10CCDCB一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化体现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表达主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表达主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。他把门打开了。____________________________________门被打开了。____________________________________主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子构造，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。二．被动语态的句法功效1.当不懂得谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.某些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不懂得电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。2.当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.3.说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也惯用被动语态。惯用句型:Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itishopedthat…但愿……Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.据说战后日本的工业进步非常明显。主动变被动语态的小技巧:Hecancarrythebasket.→Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.→Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.总结：上面例句的小规律：△主动语态变为被动语态的办法：1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语动词变为被动构造(be+过去分词),注意即使其人称和数随主语的变化而变化,但动词的时态保持不变。3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾语(by短语能够省略)。记忆歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语背面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语（执行者）（承受者）被动语态：主语+be+过去分词（+by+执行者）（执行者）普通省略【例题精讲】例1.Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.例2.TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.例3.Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.例4.Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?Keys:1.aren’tallowed2.isknown3.havebeenturned4.bekept【课堂练习】提高题：1. Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.2. Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.3. Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould (memorize). .4. Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.5. Thenextmorningthey (find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.Keys:1.willbeplated2.wasoperated3.bememorized4.turn,aremade5.willfind,willbeblown三、被动语态的构成观察下列句子，总结变化规律Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天被清扫。Thedumplingsweremadeyesterday.饺子是昨天包的。Theroomisbeingcleanednow.现在房间正在被清扫。Thetworoadshadbeenbuiltbytheendoflastmonth.到上个月末为止,两条公路被建成了。Anewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.明年一种新的医院将被建成。Mikesaidanewfilmwouldbeshown.迈克说一部新电影将上映。Theworkmustbefinishedontime.必须准时完毕这项工作。被动语态的基本构造：____________________多个时态的主动、被动语态的构造以下表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态普通现在时do/does普通过去时did现在进行时am/is/are+doing现在完毕时have/has+done普通将来时will/shall/begoingto+do过去进行时was/were+doing过去完毕时had+done过去将来时would/should/begoingto+do含有情态动词can/may/must/haveto+do★小试身手★请用下面括号内单词的适宜形式填空：Aspeech_______________________(give)thisafternoon.Theclassroom_______________________(clean)everyday.Someeffectivemeasures_______________________(take)sincelastyear.Mymother’sfavoritevase_______________________(break)yesterday.Thebook_______________________(read)fourtimesbytheendoflastsemester.Anamusementpark_______________________(build)inourcitynow.Thetechniciantoldmethatmywatch_______________________(repair)in1hour.Theproblem_______________________(discuss)thistimeyesterday.Hesaidthathe_______________________(invite)totheparty.Thousandsoftrees_______________________(plant)inthisareabytheendofthisyear.Theclothes_______________________(deliver)tothepoorareanextmonth.主动语态和被动语态的转换陈说句改为被动句Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语Step2:动词构造作对应变化（be+过去分词）Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step4:其它照抄Hewasmakingamodelplane.__________________________________________普通疑问句改为被动句Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语Step3:被动构造的其它成分Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step5:其它照抄DidMike’steachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday?__________________________________________特殊疑问句改为被动句Step1:特殊疑问词不变Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）Step4:被动构造的其它成分Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step6:其它照抄WhenwillJackfinishhishomework?__________________________________________WhatdidLinda’sfathermendlastnight?__________________________________________★小试身手★请把下列句子变为被动句：Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim._________________________________________________Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear._________________________________________________Cantheboypickupheavyweights?_________________________________________________Willyourmotherkissyouonyourweddingdaynextweek?_________________________________________________四、被动语态的易错点1.主动语态变为被动语态=1\*GB3①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。=2\*GB3②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。=3\*GB3③谓语动词变成对应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态=1\*GB3①谓语动词带双宾语时，既能够将间接宾语转化成主语，也能够将直接宾语转化成主语；=2\*GB3②把指“人”的间接宾语作被动语态的主语,指“物”的直接宾语不动；=3\*GB3③把指“物”的直接宾语作被动语态的主语,间接宾语前加介词to或for；Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（间接宾语me改为了主语）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接宾语abook改为了主语）下列动词与介词to搭配：award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommendaward,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommend（推荐）,sell,send,serve（招待）,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write下列动词与介词for搭配：boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserveboil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserve（预留）,sing,save★小试身手★请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.物做主语：_________________________________________________人做主语：_________________________________________________Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.物做主语：_________________________________________________人做主语：_________________________________________________3.把含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时,要把其中的宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不变。WecallhimZhouJian.→HeiscalledZhouJian(byus).4.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相称于及物动词，能够有宾语，也能够有被动语态动词短语是一种不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.→Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell.这条小狗必须被好好照顾。5.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种使用方法的惯用动词有：一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。seesbdosth（主动语态）sbbeseentodo（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、havesee、watch、notice、observeget型被动语态被动语态的基本形式是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。但在当代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。get-型被动语态中的过去分词数量有限，普通为单个的动词或比较简朴的动词短语。（1）get+及物动词的过去分词get常同marry,beat,break,damage,tear,strike,hurt,paint,invite,repair,dress,pay,wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。这种构造普通指动作的成果而非动作本身，常指“最后终于，忽然发生”等意义。Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet．Ifnot，youmaygetrunoverbyacar．Hegotwoundedinthebattle.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.（2）get-型被动语态普通不适宜用在含有双宾语的构造中，也不适宜与see,hear,watch,listento等感官动词构成被动语态。Theoldmanwasofferedalargesumofmoney.（正）Theoldmangotofferedalargesumofmoney.(误)（3）get-型被动语态有时有言外之意或含有感情色彩Hegottaughtalesson.（有“活该”之意）Howdidthewindowgetclosed.（有“不该关上”之意）（4）get-型被动语态有时表达开始进入某种状态，而be+动词的-ed形式只表达存在的状态。Shegottired.（有开始感到疲劳的含义）Shewastired.(只表达“她累了”)7.用主动语态表被动语态的状况1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表达主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是:cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。Theplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly写起来流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.(“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..”作及物动词为“卖、出售”）2.作表语用的形容词,如easy,difficult,hard,nice,possible,impossible等背面作状语的不定式,且与主语有动宾关系，其主动形式表达被动意义。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题是很难回答的。3.当动词不定式作宾补形容词（如形容词easy,difficult,hard等）的状语，又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时，动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义Wefindthemanhardtogetalongwith.IthinkEnglisheasytolearn.4.当不定式作定语,又与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时,其主动形式表达被动意义。Ihavealotofworktodotoday.今天我有许多工作要做。5.在“疑问代词what(which,whom)＋不定式”构造中,不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。She’lltellyouwhichtochoose.她将告诉你该选哪一种。6.“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个构造也体现了一种被动的意思。I'llhavethebikerepairedsoon.我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。7.want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedoneYourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要浇水了。8.beworthdoingsth.某事值得做-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It'sworthreadingasecondtime.Thefilmisworthseeing.你值得拥有这些奖励。________________________________________8.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.7.无被动语态的状况1.系动词无被动语态。smell,sound,taste,feel,look,seem,appear,prove等Theapplestastenice.苹果尝起来较好吃。2.不及物动词appear,disappear,fail,fall,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等无被动3.某些表达状态的动词没有被动语态。如：have,belongto等判断下列句子的对错()Thepricehasbeenrisen.()Thepricehasrisen.()Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.()Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.()Thepricehasraised.()Thepricehasbeenraised.8.系表构造PK被动语态有些“be+过去分词”的构造并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表构造（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”（1）Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。（系表构造）ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.这个门是冯平来关的。（被动语态）（2）Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的。（系表构造）TheglassisbrokenbyMary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。（被动语态）【例题精讲】例1.Manyaccidents_________

bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecaused

B.werecausedC.havecaused

D.willcause例2.Drivingafterdrinkingwine_________inChina.

A.allows

B.doesn'tallow

C.isallowed

D.isn'tallowed例3.Manytreesandflowers_________inourcityeveryyear.A.planted

B.areplanted

C.wereplanted

D.plantsKeys:BDB【课堂练习】课堂练习：根据规定改写句子1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改为被动语态）Ben__________________forhishonesty_________theheadmaster.2.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改为被动语态）AnewshirtJackbyMother.3.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改为被动语态）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.4.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改为被动语态）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.5.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改为被动语态）CanbysomeagedChinese?6.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改为被动语态）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.7.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改为主动语态)TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.8.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.9.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改为被动语态)Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.10.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改为被动语态）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.Keys:1.waspraised,by2.willbebought3.betaken4.aretold5.Russianbeunderstood6.towork7.welcome8.hasbeenraised9.arebeingused10.whomarelooked单选()1.Nothingcanthegirlfromthere.A.bestopped;goingB.prevent;goingC.stop;togoD.prevent;togo()2.Althoughyouhavelotsofdifficulties,youmust_______yourwork.A.carryoutwithB.carryawayonC.carryonwithD.carryover()3.--It’skindhimtohelpmesolvetheproblem.--Yes,heisalwayskindeverybody.A.of;ofB.of;toC.to:ofD.to;to()4.Studentsnottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked()5.WorldEarthDayin1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup()6.Theterrorists(恐怖分子)inXinjianglastmonth.A.arecaughtB.wascaughtC.werecaughtD.iscaught()7.--Youlookreallytired.?--Ididn'tsleepwelllastnight.Ihadaheadache.A.HowaboutyouB.WhatshouldIdoC.What'sthematterD.Howareyoufeelingnow()8.Thedoctorhasoperatedtheweaksoldiercarefullyforabout10hours.A.toB.forC.withD.on()9.LastMarch,manytreesalongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.planted()10.Thebasketballmatchwasreallyfantastic,whenJeremyLinscoredinthelastsecond.A.probablyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.mostly()11.informationonsuchasmallscreen.A.search;readingB.searching;readingC.search;readD.searching;read()12.Tombyhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed()13.--She’stoldtowritethereportinsteadofyou,?--Yes.Shehastohanditintomorrow.A.isn’tsheB.doesn’tshe