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REPORT

2023

ENDTB■

Global

tuberculosis

report

2023

Globaltuberculosisreport2023

ISBN978-92-4-008385-1(electronicversion)

ISBN978-92-4-008386-8(printversion)

©WorldHealthOrganization2023

Somerightsreserved.ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGOlicence(CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;

/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo

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Generaldisclaimers.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofWHOconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Dottedanddashedlinesonmapsrepresentapproximateborderlinesforwhichtheremaynotyetbefullagreement.

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Designedbyminimumgraphics

CoverdesignbyIrwinLaw

iii

Contents

Acknowledgements

vii

Abbreviations

xiii

1.Introduction

1

2.GlobalTBcommitments,strategyandtargets

3

3.Mainfindingsandmessages

6

4.Conclusions

39

References

40

Annex1.BasicfactsaboutTB

43

Annex2.Datasourcesandaccess

45

Annex3.WHOgloballistsofhighTBburdencountries

47

Annex4.Country,regionalandglobalprofiles

50

Annex5.UpdatestoestimatesofTBdiseaseburden

51

Annex6.TheWHOTB-SDGmonitoringframework

55

DrTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus

Director-General

WorldHealthOrganization

“Formillennia,ourancestorshavesufferedanddiedwith

tuberculosis,withoutknowingwhatitwas,whatcausedit,orhowtostopit.Today,wehaveknowledgeandtoolstheycouldonlyhavedreamedof.Wehavepoliticalcommitment,and

wehaveanopportunitythatnogenerationinthehistoryofhumanityhashad:theopportunitytowritethefinalchapterinthestoryofTB.”

DrTerezaKasaeva

Director

WHOGlobalTuberculosisProgramme

“Wehavestrongcommitmentswithconcretetargets,made

byworldleadersinthepoliticaldeclarationofthesecondUN

high-levelmeetingonTB,whichprovideastrongimpetus

toacceleratetheTBresponse.Thisreportprovideskeydata

andevidenceaboutthestatusoftheTBepidemicanda

reviewofprogress,whichcaninformthetranslationofthesecommitmentsandtargetsintoactionincountries.WeneedallhandsondecktomakethevisionofendingTBareality.”

vii

Acknowledgements

TheGlobaltuberculosisreport2023wasproducedbyacoreteamof13peopleintheWHOGlobalTubercu-losisProgramme:TaghreedAdam,AnnabelBaddeley,MathieuBastard,SaskiadenBoon,AnnaDean,DennisFalzon,KatherineFloyd,NebiatGebreselassie,MarekLalli,IrwinLaw,PeterNguhiu,HazimTimimiandTakuyaYamanaka.TheteamwasledbyKatherineFloyd.Over-alloversightwasprovidedbytheDirectoroftheGlobalTBProgramme,TerezaKasaeva.

ThedatacollectionformsweredevelopedbyHaz-imTimimi,withinputfromstaffthroughouttheWHOGlobalTuberculosisProgramme.HazimTimimiledandorganizedallaspectsofdataandcodemanagement,includingthepreparationandimplementationofthewebsystemusedforthe2023roundofglobaltubercu-losis(TB)datacollectionfrom215countriesandareas,withsupportfromSimoneGigliandVeemallaThevi.

DatawerereviewedbythefollowingpeopleatWHOheadquarters:AnnabelBaddeley,MathieuBastard,SaskiadenBoon,AnnemiekeBrands,AnnaDean,Den-nisFalzon,MedeaGegia,LicéGonzalezAngulo,AvinashKanchar,AlexeiKorobitsyn,MarekLalli,CecilyMiller,FrancisMhimbira,Carl-MichaelNathanson,PeterNgu-hiu,LinhNguyen,LianaOganezova,CiciliaGitaParwati,SamuelSchumacher,LanaSyed,HazimTimimi,SabineVerkuijlandTakuyaYamanaka.FinancingdatawerealsoreviewedbyAndrewSiroka(independentconsult-ant).DatafortheEuropeanRegionwerecollectedandvalidatedjointlybytheWHORegionalOfficeforEuropeandtheEuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl(ECDC).

ThejointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)managedtheprocessofdatacollectionfromnationalAIDSprogrammesandprovidedaccesstotheirTB/HIVdataset.ReviewandvalidationofTB/HIVdatawerebothundertakenincollaborationwithUNAIDSstaff.

DorisMaFatfromtheWHOMortalityandBurdenofDiseaseteamprovideddatafromtheWHOMortali-tyDatabasethatwereusedtoestimateTBmortalityamongHIV-negativepeople;andJulianaDaherandMaryMahy(UNAIDS)providedepidemiologicaldatathatwereusedtoestimateTBincidenceandmortalityamongpeoplewithHIV.

Thereportisdesignedtooptimizeweborapp-basedaccessanduseandhasthreemajorcomponents:acorereportdocumentthatfocusesonthemainfindingsand

messages;webpagescontainingmoredetailedanddigitizedcontent,whichareorganizedbytopicarea(comprisingsixstandardtopicsandsixfeaturedtop-ics);andamobileappcontainingcountry,regionalandglobalprofilesaswellastwoslide-sets.Manypeoplecontributedtothesethreereportcomponents.Unlessspecified,thosenamedbelowworkintheWHOGlobalTuberculosisProgramme.

TheproductionofthecorereportdocumentwascoordinatedbyKatherineFloydandIrwinLaw.ThemaintextwaswrittenbyKatherineFloyd,withcontributionsfromTaghreedAdam,MathieuBastard,NebiatGebre-selassieandTakuyaYamanaka.IrwinLaworganizedthepreparationofallfiguresandtables,whichwereproducedbyTaghreedAdam,MathieuBastard,SaskiadenBoon,AnnaDean,PeterDodd(SheffieldUniversity,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland),DennisFalzon,IrwinLaw,PeterNguhiu,AndrewSiroka(independentconsultant),HazimTimimiandTakuyaYamanaka.Annexes1,3and6werepreparedbyKather-ineFloyd;Annexes2and4byHazimTimimi;andAnnex5byMathieuBastard,AnnaDeanandKatherineFloyd,withinputsfromNimalanArinaminpathy(ImperialCol-legeLondon,UnitedKingdom).

Thereportwebpagesincludecontentforsixstandardtopics.Theseare:1)TBdiseaseburden,comprisingTBincidence(preparedbyMathieuBastardandKatherineFloyd),TBmortality(preparedbyMathieuBastardandKatherineFloyd),drug-resistantTB(preparedbyAnnaDean,PeterDoddandHazimTimimi)andnationalTBprevalencesurveys(preparedbyKatherineFloydandIrwinLaw);2)TBdiagnosisandtreatment,preparedbyKatherineFloydandTakuyaYamanaka,withcontribu-tionsfromNazirIsmailandFuadMirzayev;3)TBpre-ventionandscreening,preparedbyAnnabelBaddeley,SaskiadenBoon,DennisFalzonandHazimTimimi,withcontributionsfromAvinashKancharandCecilyMiller;4)FinancingforTBprevention,diagnosticandtreatmentservices,preparedbyTaghreedAdam,PeterNguhiu,AndrewSiroka(independentconsultant)andTakuyaYamanaka,withcontributionsfromKatherineFloyd;5)Universalhealthcoverage(UHC)andTBdeterminants,preparedbyTakuyaYamanakawithcontributionsfromTaghreedAdam,DeliaBoccia(LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,UnitedKingdom),Kath-erineFloydandErnestoJaramillo;and6)TBresearchandinnovation,preparedbyNebiatGebreselassieand

IrwinLaw,withcontributionsfromSaskiadenBoon,DennisFalzon,KatherineFloyd,MedeaGegia,NazirIsmail,AlexeiKorobitsyn,CecilyMiller,FuadMirzayevandMatteoZignol.Theinteractivegraphicsthatappearinthewebpages,whichallowuserstovisualizedatavaluesbyhoveringoverdatapoints,werepreparedbyMathieuBastard,IrwinLaw,PeterNguhiu,HazimTimi-miandTakuyaYamanaka.

ThereportteamisverygratefultoNimalanArinam-inpathyandPeterDoddfortheirkeycontributionstotheestimatesofTBdiseaseburdenthatareincludedinthecorereportdocumentandthestandardsetofreportwebpages.NimalanArinaminpathyproducedallestimatesofTBincidenceandmortalityfortheperiod2020–2022thatwerebasedoncountryorregion-spe-cificdynamicmodels(26and23countries,respective-ly).PeterDoddproducedglobal,regionalandnationalestimatesoftheincidenceofrifampicin-resistantTB(RR-TB)intheperiod2015–2022,aglobalestimateoftheincidenceofisoniazid-resistantTBin2022,aglobalestimateofthenumberofdeathscausedbyRR-TBin2022andage-sexdisaggregatedestimatesforTBinci-denceandmortalityatglobal,regionalandcountrylev-elsin2022.ThereportteamisalsogratefultoPhilippeGlaziou(wholedWHO’sworkrelatedtoTBdiseaseburdenestimationfrom2008–2022)forhisadviceontheuse,implementationandupdating(asappropriate)ofpreviousmethodsandcodes;andtoSandipMandal(JohnSnowIndiaPrivateLimited)forhiskeyroleintheproductionofestimatesofTBincidenceandmortalityforIndia.

Thereportwebpagesincludecontentforsixfeaturedtopics.Theseare:1)thepoliticaldeclarationfromtheUnitedNations(UN)high-levelmeetingonTBthatwasheldinSeptember2023,preparedbyNebiatGebrese-lassie;2)newtreatmentfordrug-resistantTB,preparedbyFuadMirzayev;3)internationaldonorfundingforTB,preparedbyPeterNguhiu,withcontributionsfromTaghreedAdamandKatherineFloyd;4)TBinprisons,preparedbyKerriViney,withcontributionsfromPedroAvedillo,AnnabelBaddeley,AndreiDadu,KatherineFloyd,ChristianGunneberg,ErnestoJaramillo,FaraiMavhunga,HazimTimimiandAskarYedilbayev;5)find-ingsfromrecentTBepidemiologicalreviewsinNigeriaandtheUnitedRepublicofTanzania,preparedbyMarekLalliandCharalambosSismanidis,withcontributionsfromMathieuBastardandPeterNguhiu;and6)multi-sectoralaccountabilityintheTBresponse,preparedbyHannahMonicaDias,TerezaKasaevaandLianaOgan-ezova.

ThereportlandingpageandalloftheotherreportwebpageswerepreparedbyOlivierBeauvais,IrwinLaw,HazimTimimiandTakuyaYamanaka,withoverallguidanceandoversightprovidedbyHazimTimimiandPatrickTissot.

Thetechnicalappendixthatexplainsthemethods

viii

usedtoproduceestimatesofTBdiseaseburdenwaspreparedbyMathieuBastard,AnnaDean,HazimTimi-mi,NimalanArinaminpathy(ImperialCollege,London,UnitedKingdom)andPeterDodd(UniversityofShef-field,UnitedKingdom).

ThedataandothercontentprovidedinthemobileappwerepreparedbyKatherineFloyd,IrwinLawandHazimTimimi.TheappwasfirstdevelopedbytheWHOGlobalTuberculosisProgrammeincollaborationwithAdapptin2019andhassubsequentlybeenmaintainedbyAdapptthroughouttheyearandthenupdatedonanannualbasis.ThereportteamisveryappreciativeoftheexcellentworkdonebyAdappt.

Theweb-basedversionsofglobal,regionalandcoun-tryprofilesthatareavailableviathereportlandingpagewerepreparedbyHazimTimimi.SimplifiedversionsforamoregeneralaudiencewerepreparedbyHannahMonicaDiasandYiWang.

ThereportteamisgratefultovariousWHOstaffoutsidetheWHOGlobalTuberculosisProgrammefortheirusefulcommentsandadviceonadvanceddraftsofreportcontent.ParticularthanksareduetoBochenCaoandWahyuRetno(Annet)MahananifortheirreviewofcontentrelatedtoestimatesofTBdiseaseburden;toBochenCaoandStephenMacFeelyfortheiradvicerelatedtothemethodsusedtoproduceestimatesofTBmortalityinIndia;toElenaVovcforherreviewofcontentrelatedtoTBandHIV;andtoGabrielaFloresPentzkeSaint-Germainforherreviewofmaterialrelat-edtoTBfinancingandUHC.TheteamisalsogratefultovariouscontributorsoutsideWHO;inparticular,SophiaGeorghiou,SandraKik,MikashmiKohli,MortenRuhwald,ZaidTanvir,MargarethadeVosandJenniferWoolleyfortheircontributionstoandreviewsofcon-tentrelatedtoTBresearchandinnovation.

TheprincipalsourceoffinancialsupportforthereportwastheUnitedStatesAgencyforInternation-alDevelopment(USAID).DatacollectionandanalysiswerealsosupportedbythegovernmentoftheRepublicofKorea.

Inadditiontothecorereportteamandthosemen-tionedabove,thereportbenefitedfrominputsfrommanystaffworkinginWHOregionalandcountryofficesandhundredsofpeopleworkingfornationalTBpro-grammesorwithinnationalsurveillancesystemswhocontributedtothereportingofdataandtothereviewofreportmaterialpriortopublication.Thesepeoplearelistedbelow,organizedbyWHOregion.

AmongtheWHOstafflistedbelow,thereportteamisparticularlygratefultoPedroAvedillo,KenzaBennani,VineetBhatia,MartinVanDenBoom,MichelGasana,GiorgiKuchukhidze,ErnestoMontoro,FukushiMorish-ita,KalpeshsinhRahevar,MdKamarRezwan,ManamiYanagawaandAskarYedilbayevfortheircontributiontodatacollectionandvalidation.

Globaltuberculosisreport2023

WHOstaffinregionalandcountryoffices

WHOAfricanRegion

JeanLouisAbenaFoe,FekadeselassieMikruAsfaw,AugustodaCruzClaudina,LastoneChitembo,NdellaDiakhate,IsmaelEndris,MichelGasana,TélesphoreHouansou,MosesJeuronlon,VictoriaKatawera,NzuziKatondi,DésiréAristideKomangoya-Nzonzo,DavidLukudu,FrankLule,JohnsonLyimo,PaulMainuka,RichardMbumbaNgimbi,NkatekoMkhondo,AndréNdongosieme,MosesMutebiNganda,MkhokheliNgwenya,AmosOmoniyi,HenintsoaRabarijaona,KafuiSenya,DanièleSimnoue,AddisalemYilma.

WHORegionoftheAmericas

ZohraAbaakouk,MonicaAlonso,AngelAlvarez,KleydsonAlves,MiguelAngelAragón,FionaElizabethAnthony,PedroAvedillo,ValerieBeach-Horne,EdwinBolastig,SusanaBorroto,AnaBotello,OliviaBrathwaite,GemmaChery,RainierEscalada,GloriaFigueroa,IngridGarcia,IzolaGarcia,HarryGeffrard,GuillermoGonzalvez,MonicaGuardo,FranklinHernandez,PercyHalkyer,ReynoldHewitt,AnaMariaJimenez,SandraJones,JobJoseph,SereneJoseph,FranciscoLeón,RubénMayorga,ErnestoMontoro,RomeoMontoya,JeanMarieReangabwoda,OscarMartinMesones,MónicaRondón,EnriquePerezFlores,ElizabethRodriguez,GriselRodriguez,HansSalas,MariaEstherSalazar,MariaJesusSanchez,PrabhjotSingh,NicoleHeleneSlack-Liburd,KatrinaSmith,AidaSoto,ValeskaStempliuk,JorgeVictoria,FrankadesVignes,MarceloVila,ZerabrukWeres,AnnekeWilson.

WHOEasternMediterraneanRegion

JaylanAbdeen,MohamedAbukalish,ChinaraAidyralieva,MuhammadAkhtar,ZiadAljarad,MohammadRezaAloudal,KenzaBennani,MartinvandenBoom,GabrielBrun-Rambaud,SallyElhawary,NahlaGamaleldin,SalmaGouda,HaniaHusseiny,SindaniIreneausSebit,SantoshaKelamane,AdnanKhamisi,KhawajaLaeeqAhmad,RamziOuhichi,FatoumaSalem,NajibThabet,SoumiaTriki,OmidZamani.

WHOEuropeanRegion

AndreiDadu,JamshidGadoev,GayaneGhukasyan,TomHiatt,AraksyaHovhannesyan,GiorgiKuchukhidze,ArtanMesi,AndreeaTeodoraPopescu,JavahirSuleymanova,SonaValiyeva,AskarYedilbayev,SaltanatYegeubayeva.

WHOSouth-EastAsiaRegion

VineetBhatia,MariaReginaChristian,AnupamaHazarika,FaihaIbrahim,DebashishKundu,JonathanMarbun,KhinPaPaNaing,ONamJu,MdThetNaingOo,ShushilDevPant,MalikParmar,KiranRade,RanjaniRamachandran,JewelRana,MdKamarRezwan,NazisArefinSaki,PreshilaSamaraweera,AyeThida,KhineThetSu,BarshaThapa,SonamWangdi,YeWinThein.

WHOWesternPacificRegion

NadhirAdiAzahar,TsolmonBoldoo,ZhongdanChen,SerongkeaDeng,PhilippeGuyant,ClarissaBlancaHalum,LepaitaiHansell,VibolIem,NarantuyaJadambaa,InthalaphoneKeovichith,FukushiMorishita,AnuzayaPurevdagva,KalpeshsinhRahevar,ChallaNegeriRuda,JoanneSaimon,JacquesSebert,ChunPaulSoo,SomdethSouksanh,LiaTanabose,SubhashYadav,ManamiYanagawa.

Nationalrespondentswhocontributedtoreportingandverificationofdata

WHOAfricanRegion

AbderramaneAbdelrahimBarka,YawAdusi-Poku,DissouAffolabi,FelixKwamiAfutu,ArnaudBaurelAkiera,SofianeAlihalassa,SoumanaAlphazazi,ChukwumaAnyaike,MosesArinaitwe,RobertBalama,MamadouPatheBalde,BalléBoubakar,AdamaMarieBangoura,JorgeNoelBarreto,JoséBenedita,AnniePrudenceBissoNgono,MiguelCamara,ObiomaChijioke-Akaniro,RhehabChimzizi,AdjimaCombary,FatouTiépéCoulibaly,AbdoulKarimCoulibaly,MuhammedLaminDarboe,JohnDeng,YoussoufDiallo,AdamaDiallo,YacineMarDiop,AmbrósioDisadidi,SiceloDlamini,ThembaDlamini,MohammedFallDogo,AntoineEtoundiEvouna,JuanEyeneAcuresila,YakhokhFall,MartaFreire,HervéGildasGando,JuachPhilipGarang,EvaristeGasana,BelainehGirma,AmanuelHadguMebrahtu,SantiagoIzco,VincentKamara,ElhadjMalickKane,ClaraCholaKasapo,MichelKaswaKayomo,ImmaculateKathure,FungaiKavenga,MariamKeita,ColetteKinkelaBedi,DavidKorboi,JacqueminKouakouKouakou,TayeLetta,ApalTobyMaduot,LlangBridgetMaamaMaime,RaimundoMachava,MariamaMahmoud,JocelynMahoumbou,DorothyMaloboka,BhekiMamba,StrédiceManguingaGuitouka,OliviaMbitikon,PatrickMigambi,TuduetsoMolefi,LouineMorel,JamesMpunga,AngelMubanga,LindiweMvusi,JudithMzyece,EuphrasieNdihokubwayo,NorbertNdjeka,PeterNeema,WinnieEstelleMarieNkanaYiki,EmmanuelNkiligi,TendaiNkomo,JosélyneNsanzerugeze,

Acknowledgementsix

HiwetNuguse,Franck-HardainOkemba-Okombi,AbdelhadiOumar,EmileRakotondramanana,HarolalainaRakotondrazanany,ThatoRaletingLetsie,ReesualRamprakash,AdulaiRodrigues,AibanRonoh,WandifaSamateh,AgbenyeganSamey,RufusSaye,AlziraSegundaSilvadoRosario,PascalSelemani,HilariusShilomboleni,SieneTienabe,BakarySirageou,NicholasSiziba,DanielTollo,AndriamampilantoheryFinarimahefaTonimihamina,AbdallahiTraoré,ThusoyaoneTitiTsholofelo,TuryahabweStavia,JustineZlahn.

WHORegionoftheAmericas

SaritaAguirre,ShalauddinAhmed,EdwinAlexisAizpurua,XochilAlemándeCruz,GabrielaAmaya,AishaAndrewin,NormaLeticiaArtilesMilla,CarlosAlbertoMarcosAyalaLuna,CarlaAyalaReyes,PatriciaBartholomay,JoseCalderon-Squiabro,SandySoraydaCanoLemus,ShawnCharles,KarolynAprilChongCastillo,AngelColon-Semidey,EricCommiesie,MarielaContrera,YarenCruz,OscarAndresCruzMartinez,TracyDalton,JoseDavy,ClaraDelaCruz,CarlosAndresDelaRochaGuerra,VladimirDíaz,FernandaDockhornCostaJohansen,NadiaEscobarSalinas,MercedesEspañaCedeño,HugoFernández,CeciliaRuthFigueroaBenites,ClaraFreileGachet,GailGajadhar,JulioGarayRamos,AnyeliGarcia,NeelaGoswami,ClaudiaGutiérrez,PatriceHanna,MariaHenry,JennyHernández,AnaLoydaHesse,IráliceJansen,GleniseJohnson,DianaKhan,AdamLanger,DianaLawrence,FátimaLeticiaLunaLópez,EugèneMaduro,AndreaYvetteMaldonadoSaavedra,MaríadeLourdesMartínezOlivares,TimothyMcLaughlin-Munroe,AngélicaMedina,ErinMiller,RichardMilo,JeetendraMohanlall,FrancisMorey,WillyMorose,PilarMuñoz,FranchinaMurilloPicado,MarcelaNatiello,JacquelineNewbold,AyoolaOyinloye,ClaudiaLleranaPolo,DanieleMariaPelissari,TomasaPortilloEsquivel,RobertPratt,JuliaRosaMariaRiosVidal,TyroneRoberts,MyrianRomán,SamantaRosas,ArelisabelRuizGuido,SateeshSakhamuri,WilmerSalazar,PeláezMaritzaSamayoa,KarlaMaríaSánchezMendoza,JulieSelf,NataliaSosa,AngelaStarks,AlvarezLourdesSuarez,NeilTrotman,MichelleTrotman,AspiroUrbina,MelissaValdez,DanielVázquez,SamuelWilliams,JenniferWilson,LornaWilson,OrittaZachariah.

WHOEasternMediterraneanRegion

IdilAbdirahimAbdillahi,SuhaibAbuFailat,ShahnazAhmadi,AbdullatifAlKhal,MunaYahyaAlabed,MahaAlalawi,AbeerAlbalawi,MahmoudAlBaour,QatmeerAlDolabi,AbdulbariAl-Hammadi,NadaAlmarzouqi,EhabAl-Sakkaf,LaythAl-Salihi,HayaAlsenan,HaleemaAlserehi,AwatefAlshammeri,KifahAlshaqeldi,KhalsaAl-Thulhli,FatmaAlyaquobi,GhadaAlzayani,WagdyAmin,MohamedBelkahla,LailaBouhamidi,ImaneChelloufi,JoanneDaghfal,DrissDaoudi,HendFarhat,MohamedFurjani,DiaHjaija,ArslanHyder,BasharatJavedKhan,IbrahimMaia,KhanMohamadMangal,AhmedMankhi,BadeehaMansoor,AbderraoufMansouri,MahshidNasehi,YassirPiro,RadiaSabouni,ZiaSamad,EmanSamir,SaeedSharafi,HiamYaacoub,MoiahZafari.

WHOEuropeanRegion

MalikAdenov,IradaAkhundova,SalihjanAlimov,ThomasAlthaus,EkkehardtAltpeter,ElenaArbuzova,TrudeArnesen,ZazaAvaliani,EmineAvci,ÁgnesBakos,SnježanaBrčkalo,IsabelCarvalho,MamukaChincharauli,NicoletaValentinaCioran,AndreiCorloteanu,ValeriuCrudu,EditaDavidaviciene,GerarddeVries,IrèneDemuth,JelenaDjakovicDevic,AnkaDjuric,CamilleDorin,MladenDuronjic,MargaretFitzgibbon,MajlindaGjocaj,MartaGomes,BiljanaGrbavčević,IrinaGubankova,GennadyGurevich,Jean-PaulGuthmann,HenrikHansen,EjebaiIshanova,SarahJackson,GulnoraJalilova,JerkerJonsson,RovshenJumaev,OlimKabirov,AbdullaatKadyrov,AnushKhachatryan,NairaKhachatryan,DmitryKlimuk,MariaKorzeniewska-Koseła,MitjaKošnik,StefanKröger,NinoLomtadze,StevanLucic,DonikaMema,EdibeNurzenNamliBozkurt,AnneNegre,RustamNurov,MihaelaObrovac,JoanO’Donnell,MaryO’Meara,AnalitaPaceAsciak,NargizaParpiyeva,BelmaParalija,SivanHaiaPerl,LudinPhilipp,KarolinaPilovska,GeorgetaGildaPopescu,LiudmylaPrylepina,IevaRimsane,JeromeRobert,GerardScheiden,AnitaSeglina,FiruzaSharipova,ErikaSlump,HannaSoini,IvanSolovic,SergeySterlikov,MajaStošić,AseStrand,PetraSvetina,SilvaTafaj,DaninaDohranovicTafro,SevinjTaghiyeva,MarionaYanaTerleyeva,MariyaTyufekchieva,ShahnozaUsmonova,TuneuValls,RuzicaVasiljevic,IrinaVasilyeva,AnneVergison,PiretViiklepp,ValentinaVilc,JiříWallenfels,StefanWesołowski,AngelinaYaneva,SeadZeynel,DmitryZhurkin.

WHOSouth-EastAsiaRegion

JunainaAhmed,RupaliSisirBanu,MizayaCader,ChoeKumSong,GracindadeOrleansTilman,MonirulHaque,RajendraJoshi,LokJoshi,PhalinKamolwat,AhmadulHasanKhan,RavinderKumar,ConstantinoLopes,ThanThanLwin,TiffanyTiaraPakasi,NirupaPallewatta,FathmathNazlaRafeeq,NaveenPrakashShah,MahfuzerRahmanSharkar,SharadKumarSharma,AntonioSoares,WilawanSomsong,SKMSulistyo,JanakaThilakarathne,KarchungTshering,TandinWangmo.

xGlobaltuberculosisreport2023

WHOWesternPacificRegion

ZirwatulAdilahbintiAbdulAziz,SitiHafsahAbdulHalim,RenataAmos,SamanthaAnuntak,MarvinApas,MetuaBates,EmosiBayanivalu,JoseGerardBelimac,UranchimegBorgil,ChangKwokChiu,WeiChen,HoyongChoi,KuokHeiChou,AliceCuenca,JefferyLawrenceCutter,JagdagsurenDavaalkham,JérômeDébacre,VanLuongDinh,JackEkiekMayleen,SuriaElisala,TakeshiEnami,AngelaFineanganofo,KylaGalan,DonnaMaeGaviola,BenGwali,NorAzianbintiHajiHafneh,ChanyudaHuot,DonekhamInthavong,KhalifahIsmail,HenryKako,MargaretKal,SeiyaKato,MartinaKifrawi,Jin-SunKim,KoayTengKhoon,PhonesavanhKommanivanh,WinMarKyaw,WingSzeLaw,HyewonLee,LizaLopez,MohdIhsanibinMahmood,ChimaMbakwem,ShouheiNagae,BinhHoaNguyen,ChanlyNou,JuanOgarto,ConnieOlikong,MerePrasad,AsmahRazali,GeoffreyRoche,EvonneSablan,VaimailaLauricaSalele,AnousoneSisouvanh,LaiBunTai,JosephTakai,EdwinaTangaroa,AaoneTanumafili,AnnieTeannaki,DharshiThangarajah,TiengSivanna,MarouTikataake,VivianToaniso,UKaIn,KazuhiroUchimura,FrankUnderwood,ZhaoYanlin.

Acknowledgementsxi

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Abbreviations

AIDS

acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome

ART

antiretroviraltherapy

BCG

bacilleCalmette-Guérin

BPaLM

bedaquiline,pretomanid,linezolidandmoxifloxacin

BRICS

Brazil,theRussianFederation,India,ChinaandSouthAfrica

CSV

commaseparatedvalue

CI

confidenceinterval

COVID-19

coronavirusdisease2019

DST

drugsusceptibilitytesting

ECDC

EuropeanCentreforDiseasePreventionandControl

GDP

grossdomesticproduct

GHO

Globalhealthobservatory

HBC

highburdencountry

HIV

humanimmunodeficiencyvirus

IGRA

interferon-gammareleaseassay

IHME

InstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation

LMICs

low-andmidd

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