大学英语四级写作技巧课件

一．写作的目的及要求二、评分原则三、四级短文写作大学英语四级写作技巧目的：测试学生用英语书面表达思想的能力，能够直接有效地测出考生综合运用语言的能力，较准确地反映考生的英语水平。一．写作的目的及要求大学英语四级写作技巧要求:大学英语作文测试要求考生能够运用学到的语言知识，按规矩的题目要求，在30分钟内写出一篇120个词左右的短文，语义连贯，表达正确，无重大语法错误。题目的内容包括科技，社会，文化，或日常生活等方面的一般常识。题目形式多种多样，有提纲作文，段首句作文，关键词作文，图表作文，书信作文，和规定情景作文等。大学英语四级写作技巧1.

四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。2.

从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切的表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。

二.评分原则大学英语四级写作技巧大学英语四级写作技巧考生要有较坚实的语言功底，具有一定的英语短文的写作知识，而且也要具备一定的写作技巧。下面，我们拟就段落写作、书信写作、图标写作三方面讲解四级短文写作。三、四级短文写作大学英语四级写作技巧段落写作

一．段落的组成段落大多由三个部分组成：主题句(Topicsentence)；扩展句（Developingsentences）；结尾句(Endingsentence).大学英语四级写作技巧1.

主题句主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首。

E.g.Smoking

isharmfultopeople’shealth.大学英语四级写作技巧E.g.Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.

Medicalsciencehasnowprovedthatsmokingcancauselungcancerandotherdiseasessuchasemphysema.Yourchancesofhavingaheartattackalsoincreasethemoreyousmoke.Smokingisdefinitelyahealthhazard.大学英语四级写作技巧2.

扩展句扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句所表达的中心思想的句子。

Itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicebetweenbuyingahouseinthelow-riseareaandbuyingoneinthehigh-risearea(主题句).Ifwewanttoeconomizeandgetmorepersonalarea,wecanchoosethelow-rise;butifwewanttolivemorecomfortably,wewillchoosethehigh-rise(扩展句).Inaword,thekeyliesinthealternativeofeconomyandcomfort(结尾句).大学英语四级写作技巧3.

结尾句结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的印象.Englishisfavoredonthefollowinggrounds.Itistheofficiallanguageofanumberofcountries.Ofothercountries,itistheirsecondlanguage.Instillothers,Englishisspokenastheirmajorforeignlanguage.That’swhyEnglishissopopularinourpresentworld.大学英语四级写作技巧二.段落的基本特征要写好段落就要清楚段落应具有的基本特征，即统一性(unity)，连贯性(coherence)，简洁性(conciseness)，重点突出(emphasis)，用字遣句有变换(variety)大学英语四级写作技巧1.段落的统一性

一个段落只有一个主题。组成该段落的所有句子都应为这个主题服务。任何与主题无关的内容，任何不能支持段落主题的内容都必须舍弃。例如：

Autumnisagoodseasonforpicnic.Theweatherisfineanditisnotashotasitisinthesummer.Peoplefeelcoolandcomfortable.Thesceneryisverybeautifulwithallkindsofflowershereandthere.

Andtherearevariouskindsoffruits.Thepeasantsbegintogatherincropsandfruits.大学英语四级写作技巧修改后的段落为：Autumnisagoodseasonforpicnic.Itiseasyforpeopletochooseafinedayforanoutingbecausetheweatherisalwaysnice，neithertoohotnortoocold.Thesceneryisbeautiful，too.Theredleavescoveringthemountains，thewildflowersboominginthefieldsandcolorfulfruitshangingonthetreesareallpleasanttolookat.Apicnicintheopenairinautumnwillcertainlybeenjoyedbyeveryone.大学英语四级写作技巧2.段落的连贯性一个段落除了内容统一,意思完整之外,句与句之间还必须按一个清晰,合乎逻辑的顺序安排内容,转折自然,结构紧凑.Sinceshelostherweight,Carolehaschangedherimage.Shenolongerwearsdark-coloredclothes.Infact,sheoftenwearsred,pink,andevenbrightorange.Inadditiontowearingbrightclothes,shehaslightedthecolorofherhair.Frommousybrown,shehasprogressedtosun-streakedblonde.大学英语四级写作技巧三.段落内外的衔接过渡为确保段落内容的连贯性，除了内容安排要符合一定的顺序外，句子与句子之间还应使用过渡句型或者是连接语。大学英语四级写作技巧例一：(1)Todeveloptourismhasadvantages.Tourismhelpsdevelopanation’scommerceandcontributetoonenation’seconomy.Tourismprovidesjobsformanypeopleandhelpsussolveoreasethesocialproblemofunemployment.Tourismhelpsincreaseunderstandingbetweenpeoplesandhelpspeoplelearnaboutdifferentculturesoftheworld.上段无连接词语，实质是一堆简单句的拼凑，读起来枯燥乏味。大学英语四级写作技巧(2)Todeveloptourismhasmanyadvantages.Inthefirstplace,tourismhelpsdevelopanation’scommerceandcontributetoonenation’seconomy.Inthesecondplace,tourismprovidesjobsformanypeopleandhelpsussolveoreasethesocialproblemofunemployment.Third,tourismhelpsincreaseunderstandingbetweenpeoplesandhelpspeoplelearnaboutdifferentculturesoftheworld.

上段虽然也是由简单的句子组成，但由于有效使用了连接词语，并不给人留下简单的印象；相反，读者通过连接词语，正确地了解到作者所陈述的manyadvantages的具体内容。大学英语四级写作技巧作文常用句式和过渡连接词Aproverbsays…Itiseasytoseethat…Astheproverbsays…Thepiegraphshows…Somepeoplesaythat…

Noonecandenythat…

Manypeoplebelievethat…Asweallknowthat…Itisquiteclearthat…Variousviewsexistasto…,but…Thereismuchdiscussionabout/attentionto…大学英语四级写作技巧扩展段的过渡性词语或常用句式Clearly,However,Obviously,Similarly,Moreover,Likewise,Inadditionto…,Meanwhile,Incontrastto,Inprinciple,First,second,Third,FinallyLastbutnottheleast,Notonly…butalso…Foronething,…foranother,Ontheonehand,…Ontheotherhand,Itistruethat…but…Thereisnodoubtthat…大学英语四级写作技巧终结段与扩展段之间的过渡词语Personally,Tosumup,Asforme,Tosummarize,AsfarasIamconcerned,Toconclude,Inmyopinion,Asaresult,Tobefrank,Ithink…Forthis(very)reason,Withrespectto…

Fromthispointofview,Itfollowsthat…Allinall,Insummary,Inshort,Inaword,Onthewhole,大学英语四级写作技巧段落之间的转接承启词语结论归纳过渡词

generally,speakinggenerally,asageneralrule,ingeneral,inasense,onalargerscale,atalocallevel,totaketheideafurther,inaway,tosomeextent,inmyview,practicallyspeaking,intermsof,insomerespects,allinall,inaword,onthewhole,asfarasIamconcerned,etc大学英语四级写作技巧表例证关系的过渡性词forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asanillustration,suchas,acaseinpointis,toillustrate,inparticular,specifically,say,next,namely,thatis,like,take…asanexample,etc.大学英语四级写作技巧让步过渡词although,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,itistrue…but,eventhough,but,grantedthat,yet,attheveryworst,admittedly,though,stillafterall,ofcourse,clearly,andstill,etc.大学英语四级写作技巧常用表因果关系的过渡词语because,as,since,for,owingto,becauseof,dueto,onaccountof,asaresultof,forthereason,resultfrom,thus,so,hence,therefore,accordingly,consequently,forthisreason,onthataccount,asaconsequence,itfollowsthat…,resultin,contributeto…

大学英语四级写作技巧四.段落写作常用方法

1.列举法2.举例法3.比较和对照法

4.因果法5.分类法6.时间顺序7.空间顺序8.综合法大学英语四级写作技巧1.

列举法

列举法是指在主题句之后列举足够的（至少三个）足以支持主题观点的具体细节.

Bicyclehasmanyadvantages.

First,itishandyandconvenient.Itcancarryyoutoanywhereyoulikeincityanddoesnotneedalargeparkingplace.Secondly,itisnotsoexpensive,andtherefore,everyfamilycanaffordtobuyitandtorepairit.Thirdly,itdoesnotcauseairpollution.Besides,itdoesgoodtoyourhealthifyourideitregularly大学英语四级写作技巧2.

举例法

举例法通常指用具体的事例来阐述主题句中包含的中心思想.

PublictelevisioninAmericanpresentsmanykindsofprograms.Therearenewsandopinionprograms.Therearefilmsaboutsocialandhistoricalevents.Andthereareshowsaboutscienceandnature.Thereareshowstoteachpeoplehowtocook,growvegetablesorfixahouse.TherearemanydramaprogramsproducedinBritain.Andthereareprogramsthatpresentmusic,danceandtheaterofAmerica.大学英语四级写作技巧3.

比较和对照法

比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的共同点或相似点。(1).整体对比。即先描述甲，再描述乙（A1,A2,A3,…;B1,B2,B3…）

(2)逐项对比。即双方同时描述，逐点进行比较（A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3；）大学英语四级写作技巧整体对比

Itiseasytobeawinner.

Awinnercanshowhisjoypublicly.Hecanlaughandsinganddanceandcelebratehisvictory.Peoplelovetobewithwinners.Winnersareneverlonely.Unlikewinners,

losersarethelonelyonesoftheworld.

Itisdifficulttofacedefeatwithdignity.Loserscannotshowtheirdisappointmentpublicly.Theycannotcryorgrieveabouttheirdefeat.Theymustsufferprivately,buttheymustbecomposedinpublic.Theyhavenothingtocelebrateandnoonetosharetheirsadness.大学英语四级写作技巧逐项对比

Mytwofriendshavesimilaranddifferentcharacteristics,suchasappearance,personalityandhobbies.Wendyisshortandblonde.Incontrast,LisaistallerthanWendy,andLisa’shairismuchdarkerandcurlierthanWendy’s.Wendyistheshytypeanddoesn’ttalkloudlywhenotherpeoplearethere.Ontheotherhand,LisaismoreoutgoingthanWendyandlikestospeakmore.BothLisaandWendyenjoydoingdifferentthings,andtheydothemwell.Forinstance,Wendyisafolkdancer,andshedancesmoregracefullythanLisa,butLisacanplaybaseballbetterthanWendy.WendyandLisaarefriends;forthisreason,otherpeopleliketocomparethem.大学英语四级写作技巧4.

因果法因果法是指按事物的因果关系发展段落.可以先把结果提出来,然后解释其(多种)原因,也可以先列出原因,再说明其(多个)结果.(1).先因后果(2).先果后因大学英语四级写作技巧(1).先因后果

SinceIhavechangedmycurriculumtolawenforcement,therehavebeenamazingconsequences.Firstofall,Iamnowinterestedinmycourses.Iamsointerested,infact,thatIhavedonealotofextrareadingforthecourse.Also,myparentsaremuchmoreinvolvedwithwhatIamdoinginschoolsincemyfatherisapoliceman.Finally,mygradeshaveshownremarkableimprovement.Iexpectedbettergradestoresultformtheswitch,butIneverthoughtIwouldgetalltheA’sIhavebeengetting.大学英语四级写作技巧(2).先果后因

GuiyouRestaurantislosingbusinessforthreemajorreasons.First,customersarestayingawaybecauseoftheunsanitaryconditionsintherestaurant.Thetablesareoftenmessyandthefloorsdirty.Inaddition,theserviceispoor.Thewaitersandwaitressesaregenerallyslowandunfriendly.Thewaitersandwaitresseswearuniforms.Mostimportantofall,customersarenotpleasedwiththefoodatGuiyouRestaurant.Themealsareofpoorqualityandoverpriced.

大学英语四级写作技巧5.分类法分类，即将某一复杂的事物分拆开来，根据性质、形态、成因功能等属性的差别分成若干类，然后逐一进行说明.Chinesefoodcanbeclassifiedintofourtypes:northern,coastal,inlandandsouthern.

NorthernChinesefoodislightanddelicate.Beijingduckisanexampleofanorthernspecialty.Coastalfoodcontainsalotofsoysauceandsugar,soysaucechickenistypicalofthisarea.Mostinlandfoodisveryspicyandcontainshotpepper.Kang-paochicken,forexample,isfoundintheinlandarea.Foodfromthesouthernareaisoftenstir-friedandcontainshighlyconcentratedchickenbroth.大学英语四级写作技巧6.时间顺序

Howtomakeatelephonecall?First,youliftthetelephonereceiver.Then,youlistenforthedialtone.Next,youdialthenumberyouwant.Afterthat,youcarryonaconversation.Finally,whenfinishedyouputthereceiverbackinthetelephone.大学英语四级写作技巧7.空间顺序

MyroomisonthesecondfloorofDormNo.3.Itisasmallrectangularroomwithawhiteceilingandgreenwalls.Asyouentertheroom,straightaheadyouwillseetwolargewindows.Mybedwhichiscoveredwithabluebedspreadisundertheleftwindow.UndertherightwindowisMark’sbed.Desksandchairsareplacedinthemiddleoftheroom.Behindthedoorthereisabuilt-incloset.大学英语四级写作技巧8.综合法：同时使用几种不同的方法来展开段落例如：

TheUnitedStatesCensusBureaureportsthat

LasVegasisthefastestgrowingcityintheUnitedStates.Thepopulationincreasedalmost14percentbetween1990and1992.Thecitynowhasmorethe970thousandpeople（例证）.ThereareseveralreasonswhypeoplearemovingtoLasVegas（列举原因）.Theweatherisalwayswarmandsunny.Therearemanyjobsinthebuildingindustryandinthehotels.Therearenoearthquakes.Andpeopledonothavetopaytaxesonthemoneytheyearn（原因）.大学英语四级写作技巧英文书信信头(heading)

信头指的是发信人的地址以及发信日期.一般写在信纸的右上角.先写发信的地址,地址的书写顺是由小到大,依次为:门牌号、街名、城市名、省或州名、邮政编码、国名如在院系寄信的,地址顺序应为:班级、年级、系名、院名、学校名、城市名、省州名、邮政编码、国名

发信日期单独成行.日期要按英语习惯书写,常用写法有两种:月、日、年,如:June3,2002或者日、月、年,如:3rdJune,2002在年份之前有一个逗号如果信是写给熟悉的人,常常只写日期就可以了.大学英语四级写作技巧2.称呼(Salutation)称呼指对收信人的称呼.称呼语后常用逗号“，”第一类书信是写给个人.1)写信人认识收信人,但关系不是很亲密DearMr.(Miss,Dr,Prof等),后接收信人姓氏,如:DearMr.Smith,DearDrTan,DearMissChen,DearPresident，

2)写给朋友，两人关系较为亲密，可直呼其名，如：DearMary,DearJack,DearMom,等．第二类书信是写给某个团体组织或机构的．1)写信人不认识其负责人,称呼语可用DearSir，或者DearSirorMadam，

2)写信人认识其负责人可称DearMr.Black,DearProfessorChen.大学英语四级写作技巧3.正文(Body)正文是信的主体部分，正文每段第一行往右缩进５个字母．英语信件习惯上不用“你好”开头，可以直接用一两句话讲明写信的目的．所以正文常为三个部分：开头段，正文段和结尾段．大学英语四级写作技巧4.结束语(Complimentaryclose)结束语是正文下面的写信人对收信人的谦称．一般从信纸中央稍右的地方写起，第一个字母要大写，后面要用逗号．不同的通信关系要用不同的结束语．写给公司或相识的人Yours(very)truly,

Yours(very)faithfully,

Yours(very)sincerely,

Yours(very)cordially,写给上司或长辈Yours(very)respectfully,

写给亲朋好友Yours(ever),

Yoursincere/goodfriend,

yourlovingmother/son，大学英语四级写作技巧５.

签名(Signature)署名．发信人的签名写在结束语下面一行，信纸中央梢偏右的位置．即便有了打印的姓名，也要加上亲笔签名，以示郑重．签名时，一般写上全名．大学英语四级写作技巧6.信内地址(Insideaddress)信内地址指的是收信人的姓名职务单位及地址.多见于正式的商务信件,私人信件可以省略不写.第一行写收信人姓名,第二行写地址.大学英语四级写作技巧18HanzhengStreetWuhan,Hubei430020P.R.ChinaOct.25,1994DearMr.WilliamMadison,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yourssincerely,

PatrickBakerMr.WilliamMadisonGeneralManagerRossEngineeringAssociates1767PalmStreetLongBeach,CA96104U.S.A.大学英语四级写作技巧1）考试要求书信作文一般只要求考生写出书信日期、称呼、正文、结束语和签名部分，其中正文是主要的测试内容。2）写作要点书信的文字一定要具体、明确、重点突出，使收信人看信时能一目了然。

大学英语四级写作技巧

IamasophomoremajoringinCivicEngineering.Iamwritingtoyoutosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Whensteppingintothebrightandspaciouscanteen,weareimmediatelyattractedbythewhitericeandthesmellofvariousdishes.Theservicepersonsarealwayssmilingandfairlyenthusiasticfortheirwork.Butwegetalittlesurprisedwhenpayingforthefood,becauseitspriceistwicethatoftheuniversitynearby.Thehighpriceisthebiggestobstacleforustohaveadeliciousmeal.Onthisaccountanumberofstudentshavetochoosethefoodthatischeapandwithlittlenutrition.Itisunhealthfultoourhealthandreducestheeffectivenessinourlearning.Soitisadvisabletodropthefoodpriceinourcanteen.Astowhatpercentageofpriceshouldbereduced,astudentpollmaybehelpful.Iamoneofthousandsofthestudentswhoarezealoustoseeouruniversitytakeeffortstoreducetheprice.

Yoursrespectfully,LiMingJanuary12th,2002DearMr.President,大学英语四级写作技巧

Lastweek,IwasinformedthatIwonthefirstprizeoftheFifthYouthNovelistsCompetition.Ifeelthatmyachievementinwritingismainlyattributedtoyourloveandsupport.SoIamwritingtoextendmysincerethanksfromthousandsofmilesaway.IstillrememberedhowfrustratedIwaswhenyoustronglyobjectedtomyideasofbeinganovelistattheverybeginning.Butatlast,youshowedyourloveandsupportformydream.Itisyourlovethatmotivatesmetonevergiveupbeinganinsightfulwriter.

Intheend,Iwanttothankyouagainforyourconsistingsupportformydream.Yourencouragementwillbetheverypowertohelpmemakegreaterprogress.Iamlookingforwardtoreceivingyourreply.

Yourssincerely,LiMingJune12th,2016DearMom,大学英语四级写作技巧书信写作的五点要求1、开门见山说意图2、咨询/建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段4、感谢客气不可少5、期待回信成老套大学英语四级写作技巧常用书信作文句型Withregardtoyourinquiryabout...,I'dliketomakesomesuggestions.Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...Iamverysorrytooccupyyourprecioustime,butIreallyneedtotalkabout...大学英语四级写作技巧常用书信作文句型Iamverysorrytotakeupyourprecioustime,butIamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...Iwouldliketosuggestthat...Iwouldliketomakearecommendationthat...MayIsuggestthat...?IfIwereyou,Iwould...大学英语四级写作技巧常用书信作文句型Pleasetakegoodconsiderationofmyadvice.IhopewhatImentionedabovewill...Iamlookingforwardto...Iamverypleasedtowritethisletterto...大学英语四级写作技巧

常见的图表类型有:

1.table(表格)

2.curvegraph(曲线)3.BarGraph(柱状)

4.PieGraph(饼状)

图表作文大学英语四级写作技巧1)表格(table),它表示多种事物的相互关系

EDABCmnfgezpqxyoh大学英语四级写作技巧2)曲线(curvegraph),它常用表示事物的变化趋势:大学英语四级写作技巧3)柱状(BarGraph)

它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系大学英语四级写作技巧4)饼状(PieGraph)

表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系大学英语四级写作技巧

图表式作文的特点一般涉及5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议.四级考试一般从这5项内容中选出3个内容考察学生的写作水平。Features大学英语四级写作技巧

WritingStepsUsefulExpressionsinGraphWritingWritingStrategy大学英语四级写作技巧

WritingSteps(图表作文的写作步骤):

1)分析图表及说明文字;2)观察数字变化趋势,分析主旨,得出中心论点;3)列提纲;4)写作大学英语四级写作技巧

UsefulExpressionsinGraphWriting(1)Accordingtofiguresshowninthetable/graph/chart/piewecansee/concludethat…(2)Thegraphshows/tells/revealsthat…(3)Asisshown/canbeseeninthechartthat…(4)Thetableis/givesinformation/about…(5)Thetablerepresentsthedevelopmentandchangesin…(6)Afterconsideringtheinformationinthetablewemightconcludethat…大学英语四级写作技巧

Directions：

ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingpreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelowAnExample:大学英语四级写作技巧

ReadingPreferenceofStudentsinanAmericanUniversityin2002CategoriesofBooksPercentageofBooksCirculationintheLibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/poetry5.1%大学英语四级写作技巧1)根据上表，简要描述美国某大学学生借阅图书的分布情况.2）你对于这些学生阅读偏爱的评论.3）你通常喜欢阅读哪一类书籍？说明理由.大学英语四级写作技巧现象解释型模板一1)W