如何做主旨大意题

阅读理解常见题型1.Details细节理解题2.Guessmeaning猜测词义题3.Mainideas主旨大意题4.Inference&judgment推理判断题2021/5/91HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?2021/5/92主旨大意题的特征及设题这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Mainidea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。2021/5/93常见设问方式有：(1)Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?(3)Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?(4)What’sthemainpoint/main

idea/centralthoughtofthepassage?(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?2021/5/94如何做主旨大意题

做此类题目时首先，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第二，要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用段落信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2021/5/95

第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。2021/5/96HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?1词汇2段落3篇章2021/5/971词汇Catchthekeywords.2021/5/98Howtogetthemainideaofaparagraph?2段落Gettoknowthetypes!2021/5/991Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?2021/5/910Boston----ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,ManetandVermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan…WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercity’sFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”

Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticle?A.ATheftTookPlaceinBostonB.ArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.Investigationintothetheft扩大概念断章取义无中生有似是而非2021/5/911

TypeOne

开门见山！即提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。

小结2021/5/9122Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance分清supportingsentences

和mainidea

2021/5/913Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillittakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately(精确),withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity’(自动).

Theparagraphmainlytellsus_______.A.whatautomaticityisB.howaccuracyisacquired(获得)C.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained.2021/5/914

TypeTwo

段末点晴先表述细节,后归纳要点结论,概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。

小结2021/5/9153Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBewareB.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePaysD.BuyingaTVSet

2021/5/916Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.WhysleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams偷梁换柱扩大概念断章取义

2021/5/917

TypeThree段中点旨

先表述细节,后归纳要点,然后再进一步阐述主题。但后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味，而不是简单的重复。

小结2021/5/918

4

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail2021/5/919

TypeFour

无主题句

即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

小结2021/5/920TypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence2021/5/921detailsParagraphideasPassageidea2021/5/922了解文体特征调整阅读策略提高阅读效率2021/5/923语篇结构知识规律表明，英文中不同的文体都有不同的写作方法和表达方式，辨别体裁，往往使阅读更带有针对性，明确各种体裁的不同特点，阅读时才会心中有数，做到各个击破。历年高考的阅读文章不外乎记叙文、应用文、科研文章、新闻报道、议论文和说明文几种2021/5/924记叙文应采用“七W”导读法(when/who/whose/which/where/what/why),找出对应要点，确定议论段落，文章要义八九不离十应用文,如广告等,应采用测试题导读法，依考查之问题逐一从文中寻到答案，可得事半功倍之效；2021/5/925议论文、说明文则用主题句导读，文章结构主旨了然于胸,并且始终关注首尾段落和每段第一句科研文章、新闻报道则通常以首段标其目。2021/5/926阅读理解首先是对文章中心思想的理解，明确主旨。因此，要求考生归纳全文的中心思想或段落大意是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容（mainidea）型、文章标题（title）型。归纳主旨要义2021/5/927四个小窍门：寻找主题句是解题的关键，主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时在文中，也有可能没有主题句，这时需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。寻找主题句有以下四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。（NO.1P48)(2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(学海导航2A篇)解答这类试题时，应注意以下几点：2021/5/928(3)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有文字提示有therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等。因此，这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。(NO.1P49)2021/5/929这类试题要求考生在把握文章主旨的基础上给文章选择一个合适的标题。因确定文章标实际仍属主旨主意题，所以解答这类题的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法相同，都是寻找主题句。确定文章标题2021/5/930题干形式Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Thebesttitlef