英语语言学练习题

Pragmatics

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.

1.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication

2.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

3.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

4.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

5.Themajordifferencebetweenasentenceandanutteranceisthatasentenceisnotutteredwhileanutteranceis.

6.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract，

butcontext-dependent.

7.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontextualized，

thereforestable.

8.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences

9.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.

10.Speechacttheorystartedinthelate50’softhe20th

century.

11.Austinmadethedistinctionbetweenaconstativeandaperformative.

12.Perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.

II.Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.

13.P_________isthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.

14.Whatessentiallydistinguishess_______andpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

15.Thenotionofc_________isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

16.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication，

itbecomesanu___________.

17.Themeaningofasentenceisa_______，

anddecontextualized.

18.C________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe，

andwerethusverifiable.

19.P________weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate，

andwerenotverifiable.

20.Al_________actistheactofutteringwords，

phrases，

clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax，

lexiconandphonology.

21.Ani__________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention；

itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.

22.Ac_________istocommitthespeakerhimselftosomefuturecourseofaction.

23.Ane________istoexpressfeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstate.

24.Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple：

themaximofq_______，

themaximofquality，

themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

25._________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation，

butincontext.

A.

Pragmatics

B.

Semantics

C.

Senserelation

D.

Concept

26.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething_______intraditionalsemantics.

A.

contextual

B.

behavioristic

C.

intrinsic

D.

logical

27.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________isconsidered.

A.

reference

B.

speechact

C.

practicalusage

D.

context

28.Asentenceisa_________concept，

andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.

pragmatic

B.

grammatical

C.

mental

D.

conceptual

29.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication，

itbecomesa（n）

_________.

A.

constative

B.

directive

C.

utterance

D.

expressive

30.Whichofthefollowingistrue？

A.

Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.

Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.

Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.

Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

31.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.

A.

inthelate50’softhe20thecentury

B.

intheearly1950’s

C.

inthelate1960’s

D.

intheearly21stcentury

32.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething；

itistheconsequenceof，

orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.

Alocutionaryact

B.

Anillocutionaryact

C.

Aperlocutionaryact

D.

Aperformativeact

33.AccordingtoSearle，

theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.

A.

togetthehearertodosomething

B.

tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecase

C.

tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.

toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs

34.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose，

buttheydiffer__________.

A.

intheirillocutionaryacts

B.

intheirintentionsexpressed

C.

intheirstrengthorforce

D.

intheireffectbroughtabout

35.__________isadvancedbyPaulGrice

A.

CooperativePrinciple

B.

PolitenessPrinciple

C.

TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammar

D.

AdjacencyPrinciple

36.Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted，

_______mightarise.

A.

impoliteness

B.

contradictions

C.

mutualunderstanding

D.

conversationalimplicatures

IV.Definethetermsbelow.

37.

pragmatics

38.

context

39.

utterancemeaning

40.

sentencemeaning

41.

constative

42.

performative

43.

locutionaryact

44.

illocutionaryact

45.

perlocutionaryact

46.

CooperativePrinciple

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary.

47.Howaresemanticsandpragmaticsdifferentfromeachother？

48.Howdoesasentencedifferfromanutterance？

49.Howdoesasentencemeaningdifferfromanutterancemeaning？

50.Discussindetailthelocutionaryact，

illocut