牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结0-2

PAGEPAGE10ChapterOneTravel一．课文重点词语与短语plan计划plantodosth.计划去做某事offer提供offersb.sth.=offersth.tovide提供providesthforsb=providesbwithsthshop购物shopforsth=buysthWhynotdosth?=Whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做…usedtodosth过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事thesameas…和…一样befamousforsth=bewell-knownforsth以…闻名befamousas作为…而著名helpsb（to）dosth帮助某人做某事helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事oneof+可数名词复数…之一，其中之一二．语法：冠词a,an,与the的用法★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有：1．泛指表示"某一个"，用于可数名词单数前。如：Weneedarenttolivein.2．与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。如：1)I'mastudent.(是学生而不是其他人。)2)Anelephantismuchbiggerthanatiger.3．在某些词组中，代替介词per，作“每一”讲。如：twiceaday,5dollarsakiloIplaycomputergamesonceaweek.注意:a/an的区别a用在辅音开头的单词前：acat,ausefulbookan用在元音发音的单词前：anEnglishbook,aninterestingstory,anhonestboy,animportantparty,anuglyman…★定冠词the的用法主要有：1.表示特指某人或某物。如：Thenotebookonthedeskismine.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2.表示上文提过的人或事物。如：Thereisacatunderthechair.Thecatisblackandwhite.3.表示世界上独一无二的东西。如：theearth,thesun…4.用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如：Let'sgoforapicnic,shallwe?5.用在作定语的序数词前。如：Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastonetoleave.6.用在形容词前表示一类人。如：therich,theold,thesick,thedeaf…7.用在乐器名称前。如：playtheviolin(guitar,piano…)8.用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：TheWhitesareontheirholidayinCanada.9.用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如：thePeople'sPark,theGoldenGateBridge10．在最高级、序数词及next，last，same等词前常用定冠词。如：Thelastoneisthemostimportantone.★不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有：1.在物质名词或抽象名词前。如：Waterandairareimportanttous.Wisdomisbetterthanstrength.2.名词前面已有作定语用的this,that,these,those,my,your,some,any等代词的情况下。如：Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.Thereissomewaterinthecup.3.在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如：Therearefourseasons:spring,summer,autumnandwinter.SchoolbeginsonSeptember1.March8thisWomen'sDay.特例：1)中国的传统节日要加the。如：theSpringFestival4.在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如：Ihavebreakfastatsixinthemorning.Theyplayfootballeveryday.Hepreferssciencetophysics.特例：当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。如：Theyhadagooddinneryesterday.5.在学科前不加冠词。如：Iamgoodatmathsandhistory.6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前；国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如：ZhongshanRoad,Tian'anmenSquare；China，Shenzhen，Tom7．表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用冠词。如：Iusuallygotomyofficebybus.配套练习1.Therewillbe______interestingTVprogramtomorrowevening.

A.aB.anC.theD.some2.Ihaveneverseen_____UFOin______sky.

A.a,theB.an,theC.a,aD.the,a3.Haveyouseen_________umbrellahere?Youmean_______blackone?Itwasherejustnow.A.an;the B.the;aC.an;a D.the;the4._______Biologyis______scienceof________life.

A./;the;/

B./;the;the

C.The;/;/

D.The;/;the5.Theboywrote_____“l”and____“u”ontheblackboard.A.a;anB.an;anC.a;aD.an;a6.Nowheis______artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas_____one-year-oldboy.A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a7._____ChristmasDayofthewesterncountriesfallsbefore______SpringFestivalofChina.A./;theB.the;/C./;/D.The;the8.Todayismy________happiestdaybecauseIwon_____firstprizeinthematch.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/9._____ChangjiangRiveris____longestriverinChina.A.The;theB.The;/C./;theD./;/Chapter2Protectingourenvironment一．课文重点词语与短语beinterestedinsth对……感兴趣ofcourse当然begintodosth开始做某事eachother相互passsthtosb=passsbsth传递某物给某人communicatewithsb和某人交流taste尝起来…后跟形容词作表语beindanger处境危险collectstamps搜集邮票enjoydoing…喜欢做…enjoyoneself玩得开心thanksbforsth/doingsth感谢某人做某事makesb/sth+动词原形使……做……inorderof以……的顺序类似inrerested与interesting的形容词：excited/exciting,tired/tiring,surprised/suprising,bored/boring…通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到……;以-ing结尾的形容词汗主动意义，表示使人，令人…….二.语法：现在进行时态结构be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句

动词ing现在分词的变化规则：1）动词+ing：do-doingteach-teaching；2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing：put-putting；3）

以字母e结尾的，去掉e再+ing：make-makingtake-taking。4）单词以辅音字母加－ie结尾，去-ie变y,再加-ing.如die(死亡)dying;tie—tying注意：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如：believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），hear，know，understand，belong（属于），think（认为），look（看起来），show，mind，have，sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），care，like，hate，love，例如：Danny:Thedoorbellisringing.May:Iknow.Ihearit.某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……：I’mcoming.我这就来。I’mgoing/leaving.我这就走。同步练习()1.—Listen!Who______intheroom?—Let’sgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.cries()2.wecangetsomeusefulthings____trees.A.toB.forC.withD.from()3.Youmustthankthegirls_____theirhelp.A.forB.toC.onD.about()4.Weplant______treesinourschooleveryyear.A.alotB.alotofC.alotsofDmuch()5.Jimandhisteacher_______overthere.A.istalkB.aretalkC.istalkingD.aretalking()6“Don’talwaysmakeTim____thisorthat.Heisabigboynow.”Mrs.Bushsaid.A.doingB.doC.doesD.todo()7—Whatistheboydoing?—He’s_______abook.A.seeingB.readingC.lookingatD.watching()8Mr.Smith_____tovisitBeijingintwodays.A.comeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.IthinkEnglishis_______thanMath.A.interestingerB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.moreinterestinger()10We_____apicnicnextweek.A.willhaveB.haveC.havingD.had()11.There_____afootballgamebetweenItalyandGermanytomorrowmorning.A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveDhasbeen()12.It’sabighouse_____agardeninfrontofit.A.inB.haveC.forD.with()13．Willyoupassthatbook______me? A.toB.for C.from D.at()14．Rosenevercommunicates______others.A.to B.for C.with D.at()15.Doyouknowwhatthesebooksareuseful_________?A.to B.for C.with D.at()16.Treesareourbestfighters________pollution.A.for B.with C.on D.againstChpater3一．课文重点词语与短语lookup查阅humanbeings人类anamusementpark游乐园buysbsth=buysthforsb给某人买某物allyearround全年some…others…一些……另一些……as…as…像一样dieout灭绝learnaboutsthfrom…从……了解某事beborn出生afterleavingschool毕业后delivermail送邮件atthesametime同时bebasedon以……为基础morethan数量多于二.语法1指示代词this，that，these，those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出，它们之间是有差别的。那么，我们就来讲一讲，指示代词this，that，these，those的具体用法。（1）this用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物，以及时间上较近的场合。如：Thisismymother.这是我妈妈。（2）that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如：Thatishisfather.那是我爸爸。（3）these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。this，that和is连用，而these，those和are连用。thisis，theseare，thoseare不存在缩写形式，只有thatis有缩写形式，即that's。如：Thesearemyfriends.Thosearetheiraunts.That'shisfather.=Thatishisfather.指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了，那么，怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢？我们都知道，由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时，直接将be动词提前到句首，把第一人称转换为第二人称，回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为this，that，these，those的疑问句时，问句中的this，that在答语中要用it替代，these，those要用they替代。如：—Isthishisfather?—Yes,itis./No,itisn't.—Aretheseyourfriends?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.注意：指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时，通常也是用it代替this和that，用they代替these和those。Whatisthis？Itisabird.（4）this,that,those和these加名词构成一些常用短语，表示时间，指现在或过去。thismorning今天早晨thisspring今年春天thatmorning那天早晨thesedays这些天2可数名词与不可数名词普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker,farmer,desk,factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat,rice,water,milk,orange等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,homework,time,health,friendship等)。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。可数名词表示复数意义时，可用some/many/lotsof/alotof/afew/few/修饰：manybananas，afewpens不可数名词可以用some/much/lotsof/alotof/alittle/little修饰：muchmeat，alittlebread可数名词单数变复数规则变化：(1)一般情况在词尾加-s

map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days

(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes

(3)以-f或-fe结尾的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs

(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es

party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities

(5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s

toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys

(6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos

(7)以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos(8)除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：adollar,twodollars;不规则名词复数：

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice

2单复数相同

sheep,deer,fish,yuan,jin,Swiss,Chinese,Japanese

3只有复数形式

trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses4一些集体名词总是用作复数

people,police,cattle注意:记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenRussianRussiansAmericanAmericansGermanGermanschildchildrenfootfeetmanmenwomanwomentoothteethgoosegeesedeerdeersheepsheep同步练习选择填空()1.Wouldyoulikesometea?Yes,just________.

A.alittleB.afewC.alittleofD.much()2.OurnewChina’sfullnameisthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Yes,itwas_______onOctober1,1949.A.found B.founded C.founding D.finding()3.Whatisthestoryabout?Itisadetectivestoryandis_____arealstory.A.comefrom B.basedon C.basedto D.baseson()4.Howmany______arethereonthetable?Thereare____.A.glassofwater/two B.cartonofmilk/tenC.basketsoforanges/two D.bottlesoforanges/ten()5.Whatdoyouusuallydointhemorning?Weoftenhave_________seveninthemorning.A.breakfastB.lunchatC.supperD.breakfastat()6.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?A.somebreadB.someteaC.anywaterD.someeggs()7．What’s_____inEnglish?_____apairofglasses.A．this--It’sB、this--ThatC．thisItD．thatThat’s()8．Guobought____intheshoplastweek.A.alotofbreadandajarofjams B.alotofbreadsandtwojarsofjamC.alotofbreadandajarjam D.alotofbreadandtwojarsofjam()9.______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwell.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof()10.“What’sthe_______today?”“It’sJune26.”A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour()11.Hello!Whois______?______isMaryspeaking.A.that/That B.that/ThisC.this/This D.these/Those()12.Theyare_______fromAmerica.A.womandoctors B.womendoctorC.womendoctor D.womendoctors()13.Tomalwaysstaysathomefor______onSunday.A.oneandhalfhour B.oneandahalfhourC.onehalfanhour D.oneandahalfhours()14,CanIhelpyou?Yes,Iwant2kilogramsof______andsome___A.beef/egg B.egg/beef C.beef/eggs D.anegg/beef()15.Howmany_______arethereinthese______?A.tomato/photo B.tomatoes/photoesC.tomatos/photos D.tomatoes/photosChapter4一重点词汇和短语1.sense感官 2.balance平衡 3.tongue舌头 4.blind盲的；瞎的 5.book预定6.allow允许…进入 7.lead带路；带领 8.exit出口9.describe描述10. lie躺 11. dead失灵的；不转运的 12.seem似乎13. convenient方便的14. mind注意 15almost几乎16. disability缺陷；残疾 短语1.findout找出 2.match…with…使...和...相配 3.keepbalance保持平衡 4.falldown跌倒；摔倒 5.stopdoingsth停止做某事 6.stoptowork停下某事而去工作 7.belongto属于 8.receptiondesk接待处，服务台 9.walkinto…走进… 10.bookaroom定房 11.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事 12.leadsbtosp领某人去某地 13.thelocationof…的位置 14.safetyfirst安全第一 15.describesthtosb向某人描述… 16.beasleep在睡觉 17.saveone’slife救了某人的生命 18.seemlike看起来象，似乎 19.thesoundofsth…的声音 20.beagainststh反对… 21.secondslater不久，很快 22.showup=appear出现 23.firealarm火警警报 24.gooff突然发出响声 25.lookout/watchout小心 26haveacold患感冒27.hearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事28.belongto属于29.ablindman盲人30.lileonthefloor躺在地上二语法：人称代词；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；反身代词Task1人称代词

单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I宾格me________(我)amateacher.Myfatheristalkingwith_______(我)._______(他)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool._______(他的)teacherisgood._______(我们)willbuyapairofshoesfor_______(他).Pleasepass______(我们)theball._______(他们)arelisteningtotheradio.Task2形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词my名词性物主代词mineThisis_______(我的)book.Thatis__________(他的)._______(他的)chairisblue._____________(我们的)isyellow._______(我们的)classroomisbig.__________(你们的)issmall._______(他的)teacherisgood.______(她的)isgoodtoo.Task3反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself复数1.Hecalled_________awriter.2.Takecareof_________.3.TheLittleboycandress__________.4.I_________washedtheclothes.他自称是作家。照顾好自己。那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服。我自己洗了衣服。weenjoyed_________lastnight.我们昨天玩的很愉快

选择填空.

()1.Mr.MorehasmoremoneythanMr.Little.Buthedoesn’tenjoy_______.

A.he B.him C.his D.himself

()2.Lilywas9yearsold._____wasoldenoughtogotoschool________.

A.She,she B.She,herself C.Her,herselfD.Her.she

()3.Jim’swatchismuchnewerthan_________.

A.hers B.she C.her D.herself

()4.Thereare2penshere.___isred,and____isblue.A.Yours,mineB.Your,myC.Yours,myD.Your,mine

()5.______pianoistooold,butshestilllikedplayingit.

A.She B.She’s C.Hers D.Her

()6.——WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?——Nobodytaughtme.Itaught____.

A.me B.myself C.mine D.I

()7.Thatbikeis_________?

A．he B.him C.his D.it

()8.Webought______apresent,but_______didn’tlikeit.

A.they,them B.them,they C.themselves,theirD.theirs,they()9.Jimwillgive_________ashorttalktomorrow.

A.we

B.us

C.our

D.ours()10_________agreewithwhatyousaid.Tomhasadifferentidea.

A.Notallthem

B.Notallofthem

C.Anyofthem

D.TheyallChapter5一重点单词和短语atlast终于makeelectricity发电inaway在某种程度上comeback=return回来connect…to…把……连接到…..withagrinonone’sface脸上带着笑容apacketof…一袋，一包beon（灯，水龙头，机器等）开着beoff（灯，水龙头，机器等）关了beabletodo…能够做…..switch/turnon开（灯，水龙头，机器等）switch/turnoff关（灯，水龙头，机器等）tricksb捉弄某人turnright/left向右转/向左转lookfoolish看起来很傻keepsilent/quiet保持安静allkindsof各种各样的饿differentformsof…不同形式的runanairconditioner开空调change…into…把……变成…..apowerstation发电站二语法：情态动词情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，后接其它动词原形做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。表示能够或不能做某事用can或can’t;过去式为:could.Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.Cansheplaythepiano?Yes,shecan./No,shecan’t.2.告诉人们必须或禁止做某事用must或mustn’t;Youmusthandinyourhomeworkatonce.Youmustn’ttalkloudlyinpublic.在回答must的疑问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto表示不必，而不用mustn’t。--Mustwestayhere?--No,youneedn’t.(No,youdon’thaveto.)3.may,can，maynot表示许可和请求.可和can互相使用.e.g(1).Youmayplaycomputergamethisevening.(2)MayIopenthedoor?.Yes,youmay/No,youmaynot.拒绝对方时,可用“No,youmustn’t/sorry,youcan’t..MayIwatchTVnow?No,youmustn’t.4，can和beableto都可表示能……区别如下:beableto有人称数和时态的变化。Icancometomorrow.Hewasabletohelptheoldlady.Iwillbeabletocometomorrow.随堂练习1.John____cometoseeustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.

A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must2They_____dowellintheexam.

A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto--MayItakethisbookout?--No,you_______.