四年级语法讲解

四、五年级英语语法专项练习〔6月〕语法分块1.a,an,the的用法a,an,the的用法〔一〕a,

an的用法

1.a：用于辅音音素〔不是辅音字母〕开头的词前，表示单数的数量：“一〞。但小学阶段学生一般理解为：单词开头第一个不是元音用a

a

book

一本书

a

desk一张书桌

an：用于元音音素〔不是元音字母〕开头的词前，表示单词的数量“一〞。但小学阶段学生一般理解为：单词第一个字母是元音字母用an

an

apple

一个苹果

a

big

apple一个大苹果

an

old

man一位老人

3.元音字母：Aa,

Ee,

Ii,

Oo,

Uu

4.特殊情况：an

hour〔h是辅音字母，但它不发音〕

5.辅音字母：26个字母中，除了5个元音字母，其他是辅音字母练习一：用a,

an填空

_____book

book

book

book

hour

teacher

idea

egg

〔二〕the的用法

1.一般用于特指：The

girl

is

my

sister.

那个女孩是我的妹妹。

2.第二次出现：There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.

The

book

is

mine.

书桌上有一本书，那本书是我的。

3.世界上独一无二：the

moon月亮

the

earth地球

the

Great

Wall长城

the

sun太阳

4.固定的词组：on

the

desk在书桌上

练习二：选择

(

)1.I

have

___

new

book.

Jenny

has

___

old

book.

an

a

an

(

)2.This

is

___

orange.

That’s

____big

orange.

an

a

an

(

)3.Yesterday

I

studied

English

for

____

hour.

(

)4.This

is

a

bag.

____

bag

is

Tom’s.

(

)5.___

man

is

Lisa’s

father.

(

)6.____

Great

Wall

is

in

China.

(

)7.My

English

book

is

in

___

desk.

C./

(

)8.She

has

___

idea.

It’s

a

good

idea.

名词复数规那么首先你来连连线catscat

如bag-bags,book-books,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾加-es如bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches以“辅音字母+y〞结尾变y为i,再加-es如family-families,strawberry-strawberries“f或fe〞结尾变f或fe为v,再加-es如knife-knives不规那么名词复数man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,dear-dear,sheep-sheep;people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread,rice,water,juiceetc.名词复数变位口诀(一)规那么变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s,x,z,ch,sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母+y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母假设是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero,tomato,potato。〔英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆〕(二)不规那么变化男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee；老鼠单词也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。练习题一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1>Therearethree_________(chair)intheclassroom.2>These__________(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo________(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_________(potato).5>Chinese________(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof__________(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihavetwo_________(pencil-box).8>Therearesome_________(bus)inthestreet.9>Peterhaseight_________(foot).10>Therearesomany___________(child)inthepark.二、选择填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey(pighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots(twobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen(canseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig(_____hasthree__.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches(yousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.BreadsC.breades(girloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth(Blackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milks(aresome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.bookswillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes(cateatstwo_____lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse人称代词〔一〕主格

Iweyousheheitthey宾格

meusyouherhimitthem人称代词里的：主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客.主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面.小热身1、I和me.我是一名学生。_____amastudent.妈妈喜欢我。Motherlikes______.2、We和us.我们是中国人。_______areChinese.父母爱我们。Parentslove______.3、you人称代词最容易记住的。〔你能翻译以下句子吗？试一试！〕你是一名学生。我喜欢你。你们是学生。我爱你们。4、你能推出she和her的位置吗？她是一名护士。______isanurse.你能帮助她。Youcanhelp______.5、He和him他是我的朋友。______ismyfriends.(想想用he还是him呢？)我想和他一起玩。Iwanttoplaywith______.6、it的用法。-Whereismycar?-_____isoverthere.指天气Itisrainingoutside.指气候ItiscoldinHarbin.指时间-Whattimeisit?-It’ssixo’clock.7、they和them._______arelisteningtotheradio.Therearesomecats,Ilike_____verymuch.运动小练1、_____〔我〕amateacher.2、Myfatheristalkingwith______〔我〕3、_______areChinese.〔我们〕4、Hersisterishelping______.〔我们〕5、_____areabeautifulgirl.〔你〕6、_____arestudents.〔你们〕7、____isacat.〔它〕8、______areplayingfootball.〔他们〕9、______oftengoestotheparkafterschool.〔他〕10、Mydoglikes_____.〔她〕〔二〕物主代词形容词性物主代词：我的_my_你的_your_他的_his_她的her_它的__its__我们的__our__你们的__your__他们的__their_名词性物主代词：我的_mine_你的_your_他的_his_她的_hers_它的_its_我们的_ours_你们的_yours_他们的_theirs_你知道形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别吗？1、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。Thisismybook.这是我的书。Weloveourmotherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。2、名词性物主代词起名词的作用。Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。Helikesmypen.Hedoesn'tlikehers.他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。3、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词小试牛刀：用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空Iateall____sandwichesyesterday.(I)CanIhaveoneof____?(you)JackhasadogandsohaveI.____(he)dogand____(I)hadafight(打架).Thisisn’t________knife.(she)综合检测〔看看你的掌握情况，加油！〕一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1.Thisis〔my/I〕mother.2.Nicetomeet〔your/you〕.3.〔He/His〕nameisMark.4.What’s〔she/her〕name?5.Excuse〔me/my/I〕.6.Are〔your/you〕MissLi?7.〔I/My〕amBen.8.〔She/Her〕ismysister.9.Fine,thank〔your/you〕.10.Howoldis〔he/his〕be动词一、考点、热点回忆be动词用法歌：Be有am,is,are我(I)用am你(you)用areis连着他(he)她(she)它(it)我们(we)你们(you)他们(they)要用are单数名词用is复数形式要用are变否认真容易be后not为标记变问句be提前，句尾问号要配全〔？〕二、实战训练(一〕.选择正确的be〔am,isare)动词填空。1.I________Kitty.2.She_______astudent.3.JaneandTom_________myfriends.4.Mysisters_______tall.5._______thereatableintheroom?6.There_____someglassesonit.7.There________manymonkeysinthezoo.8.I_______atschoolnow.9.We________students.10.They________inthezoo.11.YangLing________tenyearsold.12.Thecat_______onthechair.13.There_________somewaterintheglass.现在进行时一、现在进行时结构1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句根本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否认句在be后加not。4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的根本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+be+动词ing?二、动词加ing的变化规那么1．一般情况下，直接加ing如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出以下动词的现在分词：play________run________swim________make________go________like________write________skate________read________have________sing________dance________put________see________buy________love________live________take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What________you________(do)now?5.Look.They________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They________(notwater)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We________(have)suppernow.10.-________Helen________(wash)clothes?-Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否认句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否认答复)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线局部进行提问)_________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线局部进行提问)_________________________________________________________一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。【注意】当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否认句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。否认句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否认句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3.动词+s的变化规那么1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y〞结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出以下动词的第三人称单数drink________go________stay________make________look________have________pass________carry________come________watch________plant________fly________study________brush________do________teach________二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否认句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)___________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定答复)___________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否认句)___________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否认句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线局部提问)___________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线局部提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否认答复)___________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否认句)___________________________________________________一般过去时一般过去时的概念一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often,always等频率副词连用。例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅总是步行上学。II.一般过去时的构成动词过去式的构成：(1)规那么动词过去式的构成有四条规那么：①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不规那么动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had等。III.一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否认句结构为：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天没去玩具店。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？如：1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)2)-Didyoumeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,Ididn't.(Yes,Idid.)一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？如：1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.2)-Wheredidyougolastweek?-IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。否认句很简单，didn't站在动词原形前，其它局部不要变。一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它局部依次站。特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。小朋友们口诀记，学会一般过去时没问题。小学阶段要掌握的几个动词的过去式:watchedTV,washedclothes,playedfootball,cleanedtheroom,visitedgrandparents,wenttoapark,wentswimming,readabook,wentfishing,wenthiking,learnedChinese,sanganddanced,tookpictures,climbedamountain,ategoodfood,boughtpresents,rowedaboat,sawelephants,wentskating.同学们，关于一般过去时我们就简单地学这些，你们都掌握了吗？加油呀！一般过去时的练习I.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。⒈He_____(visit)theGreatWalllastyear.2.We________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.3.Weoften_______(go)toschoolbybuslastyear.4.I________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.5.Mike______(see)abigtigerinthenatureparklastyear.6.Sam_____(do)thehouseworkyesterday.7.______(do)you_______(enjoy)yourselfyesterday?8.______(do)you_________(play)theviolinintheartroomyesterday?No,Ididn't.I_____(draw)somepicturesthere.9.I