法硕联考语法回顾

句法回忆..Helaughed.MaryisreadingHarryPotter.Weheardthemquarrelling.Hegavemesomematerial.Heisanlawyer./Heisnotrich.Heisinadifficultsituation.Helooks/seemsunhappy..主+谓〔不及物动词〕Helaughed.主+谓〔及物动词〕+宾MaryisreadingHarryPotter.主+谓〔及物动词〕+宾+宾语补足语Weheardthemquarrelling.主+谓〔及物动词〕+间接宾语+直接宾语Hegavemesomefirst-handmaterial.主+系动词+表语Peoplemaybecomehomeless.系动词：be(am,is,are,was,were),look,seembecome,turn(green),grow(old),go(bad),feel(sorry),taste(good),sound(interesting),remain(calm,unknown),stay(young,healthy),…可作主语、宾语、表语的成分名词代词：I,we,he,she,it,theyme,us,him,her,it,themmine,his,hers,theirs不定式:to+动词原形动名词：动词+ing从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句可作主语的成分不定式:(forsb)to+动词原形e.g.Toteachthethreechildrenismyjobthisafternoon.

Itismyjobtotakecareofthethreechildren.Togettherebybikewilltakeus1hour.

Itwilltakeus1hourtogettherebybike.Forustofinishthecompositionwithinhalfanhourisdifficult.

Itisdifficultforustofinishthecompositionwithinhalfanhour.可作主语的成分主语-----不定式(forsb)to+动词原形e.g.Itisnecessaryforyoutolockthecar.Itwassillyofustobelievehim.Itwasashametobeindebt.Itwasshamefulforhimtobefound

guilty.(不定式被动形式：forsbtobe+动词过去分词)可作主语的成分主语:动名词(sb’s/sb)动词+inge.g.Smokingisprohibitedhere.

Throwinglitteraboutisverybad.Itisnousetalkingwithoutdoing.

Jack’s/hisnotgettingtothestationontimemadeusworried.

Jack’s/hisbeingleftaloneathomemadehismotherworried.可作主语的成分放在主语位置的小句叫主语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.Whateveryoudidisright.Whenandwhyhecamehereisnotknown.Whichteamwillwinthematchisunknown.Wherethehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.可作主语的成分为防止整个句子显得头重脚轻，经常把it放在主语的位置，主语从句放在句尾。it叫做形式主语。Itisunacceptablethatapersongetpunishedforanuncommittedcrime.Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.可作宾语的成分

不定式Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.Pleaseremembertolock

thedoor.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.LittleJimshouldlovetobetakentothetheatre

thisevening.Idon'tknowwheretospendmyholiday.Haveyoudecidedwhentomarry?可作宾语的成分

不定式为防止整个句子显得头重脚轻，经常把it放在主语的位置，主语从句放在句尾。it叫做形式宾语。Idon'tthinktodoitinthatwayright.Idon‘tthinkitrighttodoitinthatway.

Ifindtogetalongwithhimhard.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.可作宾语的成分

动名词SheinsistedongoingtoTibetbyplane.Ican’timaginedoingthatwiththem.Doyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?

IrememberedbeingtakentoParisasasmallkid.Thesafeshowednosignofhavingbeentouched.可作宾语的成分

宾语从句放在宾语位置的小句叫宾语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Hetoldme(that〕hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.可作宾语的成分

宾语从句ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.可作宾语的成分

宾语从句放在宾语位置的小句叫宾语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.Haveyoudecidedwhichyoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?可作宾语的成分

宾语从句放在宾语位置的小句叫宾语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewdictionary?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.Idon’tunderstandwhyhewouldn’tattendthemeeting.可作宾语的成分

宾语从句有些动词如find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,那么需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.

可作宾语的成分

宾语从句Hepredictsthatacombinationofrecentoildiscoveriesandtheadvanceofnewtechnologywillleadtoadeclineinthepriceofcrudeoil.

可作表语的成分名词：Iamanlawyer.形容词介词短语：Iwasatthemeetingyeserdayafternoon.副词：Thecomputerisdown.从句：表语从句可作表语的成分

动词不定式〔forsb〕to+动词原形Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeaactor.Hisparents’dreamisforhimtobeadoctor.可作表语的成分

动名词:动词+ingIamanlawyer.Iwasatthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.Myworkiscleaningtheroomeveryday.Myfavoritesportsisswimming.

Seeingisbelieving.Totakemoneyyouhavefoundisstealing.可作表语的成分

表语从句放在表语位置的小句叫做表语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Hissuggestionisgood.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.Theproblemisserious.Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.Hehasbecomeateacher.Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.Shehasremainedthereforanhour.ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.可作表语的成分

表语从句放在表语位置的小句叫做表语从句，由附属性连接词标志，以别于句子主干结构。Mostpeopledon’tthinkofastampasareceipt，butthatishowitreallyisaproofofjusthowmuchmoneyyouhavepaidinadvanceformaildelivery．(2023,23)可作定语的成分名词形容词介词短语不定式:to+动词原形现在分词：动词+ing过去分词：动词的完成形式从句：定语从句可作定语的成分

名词astonebridgeameetingroommorningexerciseastorybookacoffeecupababygirlaschoolgatehairstyle

toothacheservicecounterbankaccount

carparkbloodpressure

可作定语的成分形容词alltheselastfewdayssomebeautifullittleredflowersahighredbrickwallabeautifulwhiteJapanesemilitaryjeep可作定语的成分介词短语Sheseemstoknowthesolutiontotheproblem.Hereisachequefor$30.

WhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish?

Thehouseoppositeourswasburntdownlastweek.Theylivedinaflatabovetheshop.ThemannexttoBillwastalkingtohiminSpanish.可作定语的成分现在分词：动词+ingChinaisadevelopingcountry.Wecanseetherisingsun.Teachersareallfondofstudentswokinghard.Therewasagirlsittingthere.Peoplewaitingforthebusoftenshelterinmydoorway.Passengerstravelingonthisbusbuytheirticketsinthebooth.Anyonetouchingthatwirewillgetanelectricshock.

可作定语的成分现在分词：动词+ingAnyonesayingthatCatholicismisn'tChristianityiscompletelywrong.Allcultmembersarelikezombiesdoingwhattheyareaskedtodo.Thisisanotherexampleofpeoplefixingwhatisn'tbroken.可作定语的成分现在分词：动词+ingThisambitiousproject,involvingscoresoforganizationsaroundtheworld,willtakeatleasttenyearstobeaccomplished.(2023,19)可作定语的成分过去分词：动词完成形式规那么动词+ed不规那么动词如go—gone,break—brokenfallen

leaves,

retired

workers,the

risen

sunMostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerehisschoolmates.IborrowedabookwrittenbyMarkTwinfromthelibrary.In1983,therewereonly200computersconnectedtotheInternet.可作定语的成分过去分词：动词完成形式规那么动词+ed不规那么动词如go--gone,break–brokenThebossrealizedtheimportanceofqualifiedstaff,andurgedallconcernedtoparticipateinthetrainingseminar.(2007,28)可作定语的成分

定语从句Heistheman

who/thatwantstoseeyou.Heistheman

whom/thatIsawyesterday.The

man

whomyouspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher.Theyrushedovertohelptheman

whosecarhadbrokendown.可作定语的成分

定语从句Istillrememberthefirst

time

whenImether.Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametotheschool.

Thehouse

whereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Shanghaiisthecity

whereIwasborn.可作定语的成分

定语从句Pleasetellmethereason

whyyoumissedtheplane.Idon’tknowthereason

whyhelooksunhappytoday.Thereason

why/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyear

when/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.可作定语的成分

定语从句Thisisthehouse

inwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyouremembertheday

onwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyouremembertheday

whenyoujoinedourclub?可作定语的成分

定语从句CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,

whichgreatlyupsetsme.。Beforelongwearrivedinamoreurbanarea，whereJimtookmetoaplacecalledBostonMarket.〔2005,14〕Thedestructionofthesetreasureswasalossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycouldmakeupfor.(2007,18)Unlikeotherleaderswhoputalltheblamesonothers,hetookresponsibilityandresignedgracefully.(2023,13)Alloftheplantsnowraisedonfarmshavebeendevelopedfromplantsthatoncegrewinthewild．(2004,21)Readingbooks,whichtakesthereadertootherworlds,isawonderfulwayto“escape〞.(2023,29)。Ifyoutrytosellthemsomethingthattheyusedtogetforfree，theyaren’tgoingtobuyit.〔2005,26〕Theonlythingthatreallymatterstotheparentsishowsoontheirchildrencanreturnhome.(2005,19)Hesaidthatthemedicinethedoctorgavehimbroughtrelieftohisheadache.(2007,12)IwasannoyedbymyfriendwhocamelateforourappointmentbutdidnotbothertoaskhowlongIhadbeenwaiting.(2007,30)Onthelargeboardinthemainhalloftheairport，youcaneasilyfindthedifferentdestinationstowhichairlinescantakeyou．(2023,21)。Theproblemisthattheyareunabletocommunicateeffectivelyinthelanguageinwhichpublicservicesareoffered.(2023,30)可作状语的成分状语说明谓语动词的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。副词:Helaughedquietly.Maryrunsrapidly.介词短语时间词：Ididn’tgotoschooltoday.现在分词过去分词不定式从句：各种状语从句可作状语的成分介词短语Iarrivedattheconcerthallingoodtime.Atfirstheopposedthemarriage,butintheendhegavehisconsent.HehasbeenheresinceMonday.Bakeitfortwohours.Theyflew(cycled)fromPairstoRome.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.可作状语的成分

现在分词动词+ing作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开，能转换为一个相应的状语从句。作结果、方式、伴随状语时要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing时间状语Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.Lookingoutofthewindowofourhotelroom,wecouldseelotsofmountainsaround.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentouttoplayfootball.可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing条件状语Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Taking(＝Ifyoutake)thepaththatleadsoutofthetown，youwillcometoadensewood.可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing原因状语Beingill,shestayedathome.NotseeingJohn，Iaskedwherehewas.Notknowingwheretogo,shewenttothepoliceforhelpHavinglivedinBeijingformanyyears,Carterknewthecitywell.Nothavingdoneitright，Itriedagain.Havingbeenbittentwice，thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing让步状语Havingfailedsomanytimes,shepersists.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidnotknowhowtodoit.可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing结果状语Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,causingthedelay.Itrainedheavilylastnight,causingtheseverefloodinginthearea.

可作状语的成分

现在分词：动词+ing伴随状语Hesatinthearmchair，readinganewspaper.Theycameintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.

Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingalongspeechforthepresident.

HesentmeanE-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.可作状语的成分

过去分词：动词完成态形式时间状语Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.可作状语的成分

过去分词：动词完成态形式条件状语Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.可作状语的成分

过去分词：动词完成态形式原因状语Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn‘thearthesound.Writteninasimplestyle,thebookclearlydescribestheauthor’schildhoodexperiencesinasmalltown.〔2003，24〕可作状语的成分

过去分词：动词完成态形式伴随状语Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.可作状语的成分

不定式to+动词原形目的状语Shecametoseeme.Themanhastodosomepart-timejobtosupporthisfamily.Youshouldstudyharder(inorderto)becomeatopstudent.可作状语的成分

不定式:to+动词原形结果状语Ireturnedhomethatdaytofindeverythingingoodorder.Whathasshesaidtomakeyousoangry?LiuMeiwasluckyenoughtohavereceivedsomanybooksfromProjectHope.Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Theyweretooexcitedtosayaword.可作状语的成分

不定式:to+动词原形原因状语Iamsorrytohearthat.Theyweresurprisedtofindthatnobodywasinthehouse.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句时间状语从句，由连接词when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas引导。Whenyouthinkyouknownothing,thenyoubegintoknowsomething.Wealwayssingaswewalk.Strikewhiletheironishot.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.Iworkeduntilhecameback.Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句地点状语从句，由连接词where引导。Wherethereisawill,thereisawayWemustcampwherewecangetwater.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句条件状语从句，由连接词if,unless,as/solongas引导。YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingifyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.(2003,22)Solongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句让步状语从句，由though,although,while,evenif,eventhough，whether...or...，nomatter+疑问词引导。Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,hekeptonworking.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.Howeverurgentthesituationmaybeyouwillneedtomakeonechangeatatime,andthenmoveon.TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayand7daysaweekwhereverATMsarelocated.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句原因状语从句，由because,as,since等引导。Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome.Iwenttobedearly,asIwasexhausted.Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.Sincepollutioncontrolmeasurestendtobemoney-consuming,manyindustrieshesitatetoadoptthem.(2004,18)可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句结果状语从句，由so…that/sothat或such…that引导。Heworriedsothathecouldn’tsleep.Theboyissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.Heissuchayoungboythathecan‘tgotoschool.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietythatithaseveninfluenceourlanguage.可作状语的成分

从句：状语从句目的状语从句，由sothat,so…that,inorderthat，forfearthat,lest,incase引导。I’llrunslowlysothatyoucan