初中英语语法现在完成时-Present-Perfect-Tense-优质课课件

Present

Perfect

Tense

(现在完成时)1一、现在完成时的概念和构成2I

have

cleaned

all

the

rooms.Now,

the

rooms

areclean.3I

have

eaten

up

all

the

food.Now,

there’s no

food.4I

have

finishedmy

work.我把工作做完了。She

has

readall

thesebooks.她把这些书都读完了。我已经没

有其他工

作要做了。她已经知道这些书的全部内容。5现在完成时用法表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。They

have

built

many

buildings

in

thiscity.用法6I

have

already

lost

the

key.表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。He

has

lived

in

Shanghai

for

fiveyears.肯定句主+have/has+done+其他.否定句主+haven’t/hasn’t+done+其他.一般疑问句Have/Has+主+done+其他?肯定答语Yes,主+have/has.否定答语No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主+done+其他？7现在完成时结构Practice8Mary

has

already

read

Little

Women.（划线部分改特殊疑问句）Ihavedecidedtoread

TreasureIsland.(改一般疑问句）Tom’s

brother

has

finished

reading

Harry

Potter.(改否定句）David

hasn’t

read

Alice

in

Wonderland

yet.（改肯定句）Who

has

read

Little

Women

yet?9Have

you

decidedto

read

Treasure

Island?Tom’s

brother

hasn’t

finished

reading

Harry

Potter.David

has

already

read

Alice

in

Wonderland.1.

Alice

has

alreadyknown(know)

that

it

is

only

a

dream.Robinson

Crusoe

has

already

built

(build)

ahouse.Jim

has

already

found

(find)

anisland

fullof treasures.The

sisters

have

already

sent

(send)

breakfast

to

a poor

family.Tom

has

seen

(see)acaseof

murder(凶杀案).10A:

Would

you

like

something

todrink?B:

No,

thanks.

I’ve

just

drunk

some

tea

.(just/drink

some

tea)A:

I

heard

you

lost

your

key.Have

youfound

ityet

?(find)B:

No,

not

yet.A:

Do

you

know

when

Tom

isleaving?

B:

He

has

already

left.

(already/leave)P60

4a/4b114.

A:Is

yoursister

goingto

themovies

withustonight?A:When

did

he

leave

?

(leave)B:

This

morning.She

has

already

seen

the

filmB:No.

.(already/see

thefilm)5.A:hWavheant

odtotoylodurthpeamreynetts

thinkabout

our

plan?B:I

.

(not/tellthem/yet)12Sally

loves

(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereads

the

newspaper

and

in

the

evening

she

readsbooks.

She

has

already

read

(read)morethan100

different

books!

Her

favorite

kind

of

books

isscience

fiction.

She

is

interested

in

science

andtechnologyand

loves

to

imagine确认时间标志，用对时态结构！13read

them!14what

theworld

willbe

(be)like

in50years.She

finished

(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand

will

write

(write)

a

book

reportabout

it

next

week

for

her

French

class.

Every

timeshe

is

in

thelibrary,

Sally

looksat

the

manybooksshe

has

not

read

(not

read)

yet

andshe

can’t

waitto确认时间标志，用对时态结构！二、现在完成时时间状语15时间标志词：16justalreadyso

farlatelybeforeeveryetrecentlyneverstilloncesincein

the

past/lastfor+一段时间already一般用于肯定句。常放在have/has和done之间yet一般用于否定句或疑问句。常放在句尾。否定句："还(没)"疑问句："现在,已经"。not

yet常用在答语中，“尚未；还没有”。171.already

和yet在现在完成时中的用法2.ever

和never在现在完成时中的用法--

Have

you

ever

visited

the

Bird'sNest?--

No,

I

have

never

visited

it.ever“曾经”，一般用于疑问句和肯定句never“从来没有”，一般用于否定句你曾经去过新加坡吗？Have

you

ever

been

to

Singapore?我从来没有听过她唱歌。I

have

never

heard

her

sing

a

song.183.for

和since在现在完成时中的用法for+时间段since+（过去）时间点

since+从句（过去时态）for

two

yearssince

2008含有for或since引导的时间状语（从句）表示的一段时间的现在完成时肯定句的谓语只能用延续性动词。

I

have

learned

English

since

10

yearsago.She

has

lived

here

for

20

years.193.for

和since在现在完成时中的用法3.for

或since

引导的时间状语（从句）能与非延续性动词的否定式连用。Mr.

Smith

hasn't

come

to

China

for

three

years.I

have

never

bought

junk

food

since

last

year.4.对现在完成时的时间状语提问通常用howlong.How

long

have

you

lived

in

Beijing?204.have

been

to,have

gone

to,have

been

in的区别1.

My

uncle

has

been

to

Beijing

four

times.2.

Mr.

Yanghas

gone

to

Wuhan.

He

will

be

back

nextweek.3.

Betty

has

been

inLondon

for

two

days.去过去了待了多长时间have/has

been

to曾经去过某地，可接次数，如once，twice,three

times等，表示“去过几次”，也可以和just，never，ever等连用。have/has

gone

to去了（还没回来）have/has

been

in后接时间段，表示“在某地待了多长时间”21用have

gone

to,have

been

to,

have

been

in填空Bill

is

on

holiday

at

the

moment.

Heh_a_s_g_o_n_e__to___

Spain.“Where's

Lily?”

“She's

not

here.

I

think

she_h_as__g_o_n_e_t_othe

bank.”Hello,

Susan.

Where

_h_a_v_e_

you

_b_e_e_n?_H_a_v_e_

you

__b_e_en__to__

the

bank?Tim

is

in

hospital.

He

_h__as__b_e_e_n_i_n_

hospital

forfive

days.22三、延续性动词与非延续性动词23延续性动词：动作可以一直延续下去，可以和一段时间连用。非延续性动词：也叫瞬间动词或终止性动词，表示动作一经发生立即结束，不可以和一段时间连用。判断一个动词是否为非延续性动词，一般可将该动词在句型“I

am+动词的现在分词+from

8:00

to

12:00”中，看该句是否符合逻辑，若符合逻辑，则为延续性动词。I'm

finishing

reading

the

book

from

8:00

to

12:00.finish为非延续性动词24短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词25havekeepwearhave

a

cold第一类：用相应的延续性动词非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词buyborrowput

oncatch/get

a

coldcome/go/becomebe短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词26be

a

member

of

theclubbe

a

soldier第二类：转换成be+名词非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词join

the

clubjoin

the

armygo

toschoolbe

a

student短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词27be

in

school第三类：转换成be+介词短语非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词go

toschoolgo

tohospitalbe

in

hospital非延续性动词及对应的延续性动词28be

deadbe

closed

/

be

openbeasleepbe

away

frombe

overbe

on第四类：转换成be+形/副词非延续性动词对应的延续性动词dieclose

/openfall

asleepleavefinishbegin/startmarrybemarried将下列句子时态改为现在完成时1.

I

bought

the

book

two

days

ago.2.

He

borrowed

the

book

three

months

ago.3.

I

knew

Jane

two

years

ago.4.

He

left

his

hometown

five

years

ago.5.

The

movie

began

10

minutes

ago.I

have

had/owned

the

book

for

two

days.He

has

kept

the

book

since

three

months

ago.I

have

known

Jane

for

two

years.He

has

been

away

from

his

hometown

for

5

years.The

movie

has

been

on

for

10

minutes.29翻译下列句子301.

你来深圳多长时间了？10年了。2.

他已经生病两天了。3.

他2018年开始在这里工作。他从那时起一直在这里工作。How

long

have

you

been

in

Shenzhen?For

10

years.

(I

have

been

in

SZ

for

10years.)He

has

been

ill

for

two

days.He

began

to

work

here

in

2018.He

has

worked

here

since

then.4.

他们一小时前到达北京。他们已经到北京一个小时了。315.

他上个月借了我的自行车。他借了我的自行车一个月6.

我的猫三年前死了。他已经死了三年了。My

cat

died

three

years

ago.My

cat

has

been

dead

since

three

years

ago.He

borrowed

my

bike

last

month.He

has

kept

my

bike

for

a

month

.They

reached

Beijing

an

hourago.They

have

been

in

Beijing