水体湿地 英文专业词汇

水体湿地英文专业词汇

Wetlandsareareasoflandwherewatereithercoversthesoilorispresentnearoratthesurfaceforatleastpartoftheyear.Theyarehighlyvaluableecosystemsthatprovideimportantecologicalservicesandplayacrucialroleinsupportingbiodiversity.HerearesomeEnglishprofessionaltermsrelatedtowetlandecosystems:

1.Aquaticvegetation:Plantsthatgrowinornearwater,suchaswaterlilies,cattails,andreeds.Aquaticvegetationisakeycharacteristicofwetlandsasitprovideshabitatfornumerousspecies,helpsmaintainwaterquality,andpreventssoilerosion.

2.Hydrology:Thestudyofwaterproperties,distribution,andmovementinrelationtotheenvironment.Inwetlands,understandinghydrologyisessentialformanagingwaterlevelsandpreventingfloodingordryingoutoftheseecosystems.

3.Marsh:Atypeofwetlandcharacterizedbythedominanceofherbaceousvegetation,includinggrasses,sedges,andrushes.Marshesareoftenfoundalongcoastlines,riverbanks,andlakeshores,andareusuallyperiodicallyflooded.

4.Swamp:Awetlandwithpredominantlywoodyvegetation,suchastreesandshrubs.Swampsaretypicallyfoundinlow-lyingareaswherewatercollects,andtheycanbefreshwaterorbrackishinnature.

5.Bog:Awetlandthataccumulatespeat,atypeofsoilmadeupmostlyofdecomposedplantmaterial.Bogsaretypicallyacidicandhaveauniqueflora,includingspecieslikesphagnummoss,pitcherplants,andcranberries.

6.Fen:Atypeofwetlandsimilartoabog,butwithahigherpHandamorediversearrayofplantspecies.Fensarefedbygroundwaterandareoftenlocatedatthebaseofhillsorslopes.

7.RamsarConvention:Aninternationaltreatysignedin1971thatpromotestheconservationandwiseuseofwetlands.TheRamsarConventionisnamedaftertheIraniancitywhereitwasadoptedandhasbeeninstrumentalinprotectingwetlandsofglobalimportance.

8.Ecosystemservices:Thebenefitsthathumansobtainfromecosystems.Wetlandsprovideawiderangeofecosystemservices,includingwaterpurification,floodcontrol,carbonsequestration,andtheprovisionofhabitatforfishandwildlife.

9.Waterfowl:Birdsthatdependonwetlandsfortheirsurvival,includingducks,geese,swans,andherons.Wetlandsserveasimportantbreedinggrounds,feedingareas,andstopoversitesformigratorywaterfowl.

10.Wetlanddelineation:Theprocessofdefiningtheboundariesandcharacteristicsofawetlandforregulatoryormanagementpurposes.Wetlanddelineationinvolvesassessingsoiltypes,vegetation,hydrology,andotherindicatorstodeterminetheextentandclassificationofawetland.

11.Wetlandrestoration:Theprocessofreturningadegradedorformerwetlandtoitspreviousecologicalstate.Wetlandrestorationaimstoimprovehabitatquality,waterfiltration,andoverallecosystemfunction.

12.Eutrophication:Theexcessiveenrichmentofwaterbodieswithnutrients,oftenresultingfromhumanactivitiessuchasagricultureorwastewaterdischarge.Eutrophicationcanleadtotheovergrowthofalgae,lossofoxygen,anddeclineinwetlandbiodiversity.

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