仁爱英语八年级下7、8单元语法总结

仁爱英语八年级下7、8单元语法总结仁爱英语八年级下7、8单元语法总结仁爱英语八年级下7、8单元语法总结仁爱英语八年级下册7、8单元语法总结宾语从句宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主句之间由连接词来连接。学习宾语从句，要注意以下三个方面，即引导词、语序和时态。引导词引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类：that引导的宾语从句，that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略，这种宾语从句常是陈述句变化而来的。Ithink(that)heisright.我认为他是对的。Theteachersays,“Itisagoodbook.”Theteachersaysthatitisagoodbook.老师说这是一本好书。IknowthattheycomefromChina.我知道他们来自中国。（2）由if/whether引导的宾语从句由if或whether引导的宾语从句，if或whether在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。在句中翻译成“是否”。这种宾语从句常是一般疑问句转化而来的。Iamnotsurewhether/ifthereareUFOs.Sheasked,“jim,doyoulikeEnglish?”Sheaskedjimif/whetherhelikedEnglish.(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词包括疑问代词（what,which,who,whose）和疑问副词（when,how,where,why）,疑问词在从句中充当成分，不可省略，这种宾语从句常是特殊疑问句转化而来的。Couldyoutellmewhentheywillarrive?Idon'tknowwhoheisCouldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?2.语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。如：DoeshelikeTimeEnglishPost?Doyouknow?合并成宾语从句Doyouknowif/whetherhelikesTimeEnglishPost?Whataretheytalkingabout?Iwanttoknow.合并成宾语从句Iwanttoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout?3.时态当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态时，宾语从句中的时态不受主句影响。当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。Ithinkthattcansellnewspapers.IthinkIshouldhaveatalkwithhei.Iheardyouhadabadcold注：如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，从句中的动词时态不受主句的谓语动词时态的限制。Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Hesaidheisforty专项训练（）1.IamsorryIamlate.whomB.ifC.thatD.how()2.hecomesornot,Iamnotsure.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where()3.Iknowheisn'taworker.ifB.whetherC.thatD.who()4.couldyoutellmehowlong?FortwoweeksA.haveyouborrowedthisbookB.youhaveborrowedthisbookC.youhavekeptthisbookD.haveyoukeptthisbook()5.whatdidtheteachersay?SheaskedwhatareyoureadingwhatyouarereadingwhatwereyoureadingwhatyouwerereadingII按要求完成句子Heasked…whenwilltheyflytoFuzhou?(连成宾语从句)2.Couldyoutellme…wheredoeshelive?(连成宾语从句)3.Iwanttoknow…howmanychildrendatheyhave?(连成宾语从句)4.Whencanjanefinishthework?Idon'tknow…(连成宾语从句)副词的比较等级1.副词的比较等级的构成副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。副词的比较等级的变化与形容词比较等级的变化大致相同。规则变化分类举例构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般情况在词尾加-er,-esthardfastHarderfasterHardestfaster以字母e结尾的，只加-r,-stlatelaterlatest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i,再加er,-estearlyearlierearliest多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more，mostQuicklyslowlyMorequicklyMoreslowlyMostquicklyMostslowly注意：若副词是通过形容词加后缀ly派生来的，比较级和最高级加more，most，但early中的ly不是后缀，因此其比较级和最高级不能加more，most。不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest副词比较等级的用法原级的用法as+副词+as(和什么一样，同什么一样)Herunasfastasme.他和我跑的一样快。Tomstudiesashardasjim汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。比较级的用法A…+比较级+than+B表示A比B更Sheworksharderthanhisbrother.她比他弟弟学习努力。Lilywrotemorecarefullythanlucy.莉莉写的比露西更细心。表示一事物随另一事物的变化而变化，用the+比较级。。。，the+比较级。。。，表示越什么就越什么Theharderyouwork,thebetteryoudo(3)最高级的用法（the）+副词最高级+in/of范围（副词最高级前的定冠词通常会省略，后面多接表示范围的介词短语）Heruns(the)fastestinhisclass他是班里跑的最快的。Annworks(the)hardestamongtheeightgirls.安是八个女孩中工作最努力的Ofallthesesongs,Ilikethisonebest.在这些歌曲中，我最喜欢这首。专项训练根据句意和括号中的副词提示进行翻译填空。1.Stevenspeaks____(loudly)Amydoes.

史蒂芬说话和艾米一样大声。2.Iwilldo____(well)nexttime.

我下次会做好一点。3.Tobyruns

____(fast)you.

托比跑的和你一样快。4.Heworked

____(hard)alltheteachers.

他是所有老师中最努力工作的。5.Pleasewalk____(slowly).

请走慢一点。6.Shecamehere

____(early)usual.

她来得比平时早。7.Wewent

____(far)youdo.

我们走的比你远。8.Johnplayedbasketball

____(frequently)

Iexpected.

约翰比我预想的更经常打篮球。9.Ilikespring

____(well).

我最喜欢春天。10.Hestayed____

(long)thegroup.

他是组里待的最久的。11.Itrained

____(heavily).雨下的越来越大了。

副词的比较等级1.Johnspeaks________Tom.A.moreclearlythan

B.clearlierthan

C.clearas

Dclearlyas2.AndrewcanspeakEnglish________histeacher.A.sofluentas

B.asfluentas

C.asfluentlyas

D.sofluentlyas3.Nancytalks_______inherfamily.A.less

B.least

C.theless

D.asleastas4.Shedoesn’tgetup_________herparents.A.asearlilyas

B.soearlyas

C.soearlilyas

D.soearlieras5.Jakeplayedtheviolin________inhisclass.A.better

B.morebest

C.muchthebest

D.muchthebetter6.Carsrun______thanbikes.A.faster

B.fast

C.morefastly

D.fastly7.________youwork,______youlearn.A.Thehard;themore

B.Hard;much

C.Harder;more

D.Theharder;themore三．So…that…sothat….和such…that…1.such…that作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与so…that意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此，such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clauseHeissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。Hewassuchanhonestmanthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clauseTheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that…clauseHehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。注意：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。例如：Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。Hehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。2.so…that也作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。so…that与such…that意思相同，但用法不同。现将so…that用法总结如下：so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。sothat引导目的状语从句，表示以便为了Lucywantedtohelppeoplesothatshebecameadoctor.露西想帮助人们，所以就成了医生。专项练习1.

She

bought

a

digital

camera

online

____she

would

save

a

lot

of

time.

A.so

that

B.as

soon

as

C.no

matter

D.such

that

2.

—__________fine

day

it

is

today!

Yes,the

sunshine

is__________beautiful

that

I'd

like

to

go

swimming

in

the

sea.

A.

How,

such

B.

What

a,

very

C.

How,

so

D.

What

a,

so

3.

The

camera

is

__________expensive__________

I

can't

afford

it.

A.

so,

that

B.

such,

that

C.

so,

as

to

D.

enough,

that

4.

Miss

Gao

asked

a

question,

but

it

was__________that

nobody

could

answer

it.

A.very

difficult

B.

too

difficult

C.

difficult

enough

D.

so

difficult

5.To

my

surprise,he

could

get

over

____

difficult

problems

that

he

succeeded

at

last.A.so

many

B.such

many

C.

so

few

D.

such

few用so,

such,

such

a或such

an填空

1.

He

was________excited

that

he

couldn't

get

sleep.

2.

This

teacher

is_________

kind

that

we

all

like

him.

3There

is

________

much

food

in

the

refrigerator

that

we

don’t

need

to

buy

anything.4.

He

ran____________quickly

that

I

couldn't

catch

up

with

him.

5.

This

is____________interesting

a

book

that

we

all

enjoy

r