学术写作(一)Choosing-a-topic-课件

ACADEMICWRITING大家好Page

1Howtochooseatopicforyourresearch?Howtodevelopanassignmentintoastrongtopic?Howtonarrowatopic?Howtoformulatearesearchquestion?Howtoformulateaworkingtitle?Howtoformulateaneffectivethesisstatement?大家好Page

2primaryresearchpaper:

thestudyofasubjectthroughfirsthandinvestigation,involvingpresentingoriginalideasandinformationonyourown.alsocalled"survey-or-experiment-basedresearch"secondaryresearchpaper:

involvesgatheringandanalyzingtheresearchfindingsfromotherpeople'sresearch.youneedtoborrowanduseevidenceandfindingsavailableonthetopicinthelibraryorontheinternet.alsocalled"library-or-internet-basedresearch"大家好Page

3大家好Page

4Interesting(itisinteretingtoyou,yourinstructors,researchersinthesamefield.)Significant(itindicatesthevalueofyourwork)manageable(Itisunderyourcontrol)Adequate(Youcouldfindenoughresearchliteratureavailableforyoursubject.大家好Page

5CourseAssignmentTopicAmericanHistoryanalyzetheeffectsofasocialprogramononesegmentofAmericansocietyHowdidtheGIBillofRightsaffectAmericanservice-women?SociologyidentifyandevaluatethesuccessofoneresourceavailabletothehomelesspopulationofonemajorAmericancitytheroleoftheSalvationArmyinmeetingtheneedsofChicago'shomelessPsychologywriteathree-to-fivepaperassessingonemethodoftreatingdepressionAnimal-assistedtherapyforseverelydepressedpatientsCompositionWriteanessayaboutaproblemyouhaveencounteredsincecomingtocollegeovercomingmycomputerilliteracy大家好Page

6citydevelopmentsustainabledevelopmentofcitiessustainabledevelopmentofbigcitiessustainabledevelopmentofChinesebigcitiessustainabledevelopmentofChinesebigcitiesfromthebiologicalperspective大家好Page

7Narrowdownthesetopicsfora2500-wordessay.Globalwarmingmynarrowersubtopic:1)...2)...3)...

Cancer

Internet

ArtificialIntelligenceNanotechnologyGeneticallyModifiedFoods大家好Page

8Topic:

abroadrangeorgeneralfieldofinterest

Question:

aparticularpartoraspectofatopicthatisnarrowenoughtoinvestigateandwriteabout

大家好Page

9Findingsomethingtowriteabout:

askingjournalisticquestionsTopic:ComputerLiteracyofCollegeFreshmenJournalisticquestions:1)WhoisfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternet,andwhoisnot?2)Whatiscomputerliteracy?whataretheeffectsofweakcomputerskills?whatkindsofprogramsexisttohelpcollegestudentsimprovecomputerskills?3)Whendidcomputerbecomeessentialforcollegestudents?4)Wherearestudentsmostlikelytolearncomputerskills?5)WhyisfamiliaritywiththeInternetsoimportantincollege?whyaresomestudents'computerskillssomuchbetterthanothers?6)Howcanwehelpstudentswholagbehind?大家好Page

10Deepeningwhatyouwanttowriteabout:

askingin-depthquestionswhatcausesthegapbetweenthosewhoarecomputersavvyandthosewhoarenot?differencesinfamilyincome,parents'educationlevel,qualityofpubliceducation,regionaldifferences.suggestdevelopmentpatternofyouressay:

causeandeffect;comparisonandcontrast;exemplification;whataretheeffectsofthegap?Differencesinachievementincollegeandperformanceonthejob;differencesinaccesstoinformation;differencesinearningpower.大家好Page

11Topic:NuclearWasteDisposalQuestions:1)whatisnuclearwaste?2)whataretheharmfuleffectsifnuclearwasteisnotappropriatelydisposedof?3)howarewesupposedtodisposeofnuclearwastesafelyandeconomically?4)...大家好Page

12Atypicaltitleiscomposedof:1)subjectmatter+2)keywordsofthemethod+3)keywordsofthecontentKeywordsindicatingmethods:compare,analyze,contrast,discuss,evaluate,study,assessKeywordsindicatingcontent:causes,effects,advantages,benefits,effectiveness,besideswordsofsubjectmatters.大家好Page

13Decidewhichofthefollowingtitlesis(are)themoreappropriateone(s)1.TheEffectsofClimateChange2.WhataretheEconomicEffectsofClimateChange?3.TheCausesandEffectsofGlobalWarming4.TheMeltingPoles:theGreatestDangerfromGlobalWarming5.HowtoCombatClimateChange?6.SomeeffectsofGlobalWarmingonChina7.AStudyofEffectsofGlobalWarmingonAgriculture8.GlobalWarmingEffectsonMentalHealth9.OzoneDepletionandClimateChange10.PotentialImpactofClimateChangeonWorldFoodSupply大家好Page

14T.S.is

Anassumptionaboutthetopic,anapproachtoit,anattitudetowardit,apropositiontobeexamined.thecontrollingideathatdeterminesthedesignofyourthesis.asinglesentencewiththetopicofthepaperasthegrammaticalsubject.大家好Page

15AsuccessfulworkingT.S.:InterestingandengagingExplicitArgumentativeSpecificLimitandfocusonatopic大家好Page

16AWorkingT.S.:atopicpart+acommentpartEg:ThecurrentAmericanfarmcrisiscanbetracedtothreemajorcauses.大家好Page

17Thesisstatement:Althoughtoday'sall-volunteerforcehasreplacedthemilitarydraft,adraftmayeventuallybenecessary.topicstatementoffactannouncementthemilitarydrafttheUnitedStatescurrentlyhasnomilitarydraftinthisessay,Iwillreconsiderourcountry'sneedforadraft.大家好Page

18

Examineandanalyze?Evaluateandcriticize?Compareandcontrast?Establishrelationships?Arguefor/against?

Persuade?Task:AnalyzethefollowingT.S.topredictpossibledevelopmentpatternsoftheessays1)ThecurrentAmericanfarmcrisiscanbetracedtothreemajorcauses.2)Althoughtoday'sall-volunteerforcehasreplacedthemilitarydraft,adraftmayeventuallybenecessary.大家好Page

19Eg.Therealprobleminourschooldoesnotrevolvearoundtheabs