高中英语阅读长句难句理解及高中英语知识点总结、整理版

第页Ⅰ．下面的句子摘自全国各地高考英语试题的阅读理解部分。准确理解它们，对做好后面相应的试题至关重要。请在下面横线上填上合适的内容，并注意领会理解长难句的思路和方法。

1.Anyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandhowtheirstudentslearnwillbeinterestedinthememoir(回忆录)ofRalphW.Tyler,whoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.(全国卷ⅠD篇)

我们来分析句子的结构：这是一个复合句。首先找出句子的主干：Anyonewillbeinterestedinthememoir。Anyone是主语，谓语是_______________，memoir是____语。Anyone后面是一个由who引导的______从句，用来限定Anyone所指的范围。在这个从句中，又包含两个由and连接并分别由what和how引导的______从句，表示caresabout的内容。逗号后面的部分是由who引导的______从句，修饰RalphW.Tyler，是对他所做的补充说明。以上分析可以帮助我们很容易地找到下面第68题的答案。

68.WhoaremostprobablyinterestedinRalphW.Tyler'smemoir?

A.Topmanagers.

B.Languagelearners.

C.Seriouseducators.

D.Scienceorganizations.2.Anevaluationearlierthisyearreportedthatchildrenontheschememade20months'progressinjustoneyear,whereassimilarlyweakreaderswithoutspecialhelpmadejustfivemonths'progress,andsoendedtheyearevenfurtherbelowthelevelexpectedfortheirage.(山东卷B篇)

分析句子结构：这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。其中宾语从句又是一个由_______连接的并列句。第一个并列分句的主干___________________________________，第二个分句的主干是weakreadersmadefivemonths'progressandendedtheyear。能否正确地理解这句话，直接影响到下面第62题的解答。

62.WhatdoweknowaboutReadingRecovery?

A.Anevaluationofitwillbemadesometimethisyear.

B.Weakreadersontheprojectwerethemosthardworking.

C.Itaimstotrainspecialteacherstohelpchildrenwithreading.

D.Childrenontheprojectshowednoticeableprogressinreading.3.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.(上海卷D篇)这个句子的主干是：adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupport。逗号前面的部分是由In引导的介词短语，在句中做___语。其中的greenbusiness又带有一个由that引导的______从句。madeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome是过去分词短语做tents的___语。其中cardboard又带有一个由that引导的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还包含一个由after引导的状语从句。理清句子的结构，对于解决下面第76题很有帮助。

76."Eco-friendlytents"inparagraph1referstotents________.

A.economicallydesirable

B.favorabletotheenvironment

C.forholdingmusicperformance

D.designedfordisasterrelief

Ⅱ．阅读下面的句子，找出句子的主干（即整个长句的主语、谓语和宾语），分析句子的结构，同时注意思考以下问题：①如何在长句中迅速找到句子的主干部分？

②在复合句中哪类词能帮助我们迅速确定各种从句？

③怎样判断长句中的某个部分是句子的次要信息？

例：Thethreefriends,Elliotthecucumber,SedgewickthegourdandGeorgethegrape,workaswaitersatadinnertheater,arestaurantthatpresentsaplayduringdinner.(Vegetableheroes,Para.3,P4)

句子主干：主语：friends谓语：work

结构分析：复合句。three是数词做定语，修饰friends；Elliotthecucumber,Sedgewickthegourd(葫芦)andGeorgethegrape做friends的同位语；aswaiters和atadinnertheater是介词短语做状语，修饰work；dinnertheater后面的部分是同位语，用来对dinnertheater进行解释，其中that…dinner是定语从句，修饰restaurant。Ex.

1.Itwaslaterrevealed（揭露）thattheBritishpress（出版社）hadknownaboutitsincethebeginningbuthadmadeanagreementwiththeRoyal(皇家的)familynottoreportonit.(Media'sbadboy,Para.1,P2)

句子主干：__________________________________________________________

2.Asaresult,I,theoncethinnestgirlinmyclass,gainedsomeweightthatmyparentsandfriendsathomeweresurprisedat.(Learningfromwhatyoueat,Para.3,P3)

句子主干：__________________________________________________________

3.Workingalonesincetheageof40,heintroducedtheGaiahypothesis(盖娅假说),atheorythattheEarthisaself-regulatingsuper-organism(自我调整的超级有机体).(Earthisintrouble,Para.4,P6)

句子主干：______________________________________________________________Ⅲ一个句子无论有多长，都包含一个中心意思。找出句子的中心意思，可以帮助我们更好地理解句中的细节信息。那么怎样确定句子的中心意思呢？

首先，将细节信息与中心意思分离。细节信息往往告诉我们事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的以及列举、举例等。

其次，找出句子与哪个人或物有关。

最后，找出这个人做了什么事情，或者这个人或物发生了什么事情。

例如：WhilewatchingTVormovies,CaoYi,15,fromChongqing,oftenfeelsenvious(羡慕的)ofthoserolesthathaveanelderbrother.(Lonelygeneration,Para.1,P2)

首先除去细节信息：

When:WhilewatchingTVormovieHowold:15Where:fromChongqing

Which:thathaveanelderbrotherWho:CaoYi

Whatdidhedo?Feelsenviousofthoseroles.

所以这个句子的中心意思是：CaoYifeelsenviousofthoseroles.

Ex.1Asaresultoftheone-childpolicy,whichhaslastedthirtyyears,manyteenagerstodayincitiesfeellonelybecausetheyareanonlychild.(Lonelygeneration,Para.2,P2)

句子主干：__________________2AstheBeijingOlympicsapproach,15-year-oldLuoJiepresentedfouroriginalsongsonMarch6totheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeforthe29thOlympicGames,whichissolicitingOlympicmusicworks.(Singingforgold,Para.1,P3)

句子主干：__________________3However,Luograduallyfellinlovewiththeman,whodied70yearsago,aftershefoundplentyoflifestoriesontheInternet.(Singingforgold,Para.4,P3)

句子主干：__________________4Sincestudentsmightnotknoweverybodyinthegroup,wesharedourfavoritefoodandplayedgamestogettoknowoneanotherbetter.(Havingfunonacoldcampingtrip,Para.2,P3)

句子主干：__________________

如何理解长难句

分清主次信息

＊位于逗号之间或其后面的部分通常是句子的次要信息

＊位于破折号之间或其后面的部分通常是句子的次要信息

＊位于括号内的部分通常是句子的次要信息

找出句子主干

＊寻找句子所描述的主体

＊弄清句子主体发生了什么事情

理清逻辑关系

＊在复合句中，寻找从句的引导词

＊确定从句在主句中的作用

＊依照前面所讲的步骤，进一步分析从句内的句子结构

【2018高考】英语超重点学习营课前资料目录：一、重点单词………………第1～5页二、重点词组………………第5～15页三、高级词汇………………第15～18页四、词组固定搭配…………第18～27页五、高级句型结构…………第27～29页六、过去完成时概念………第30～31页七、阅读理解解题指导………第32页一、重点单词1.able用法：beabletodoNote:反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。

beabletodo可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。2.abroad用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。Note:可以说fromabroad,表示从国外回来。

3.admit用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。

Note:表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。4.advise用法：advisesb.todo;advisedoing

Note:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advisethatsb.(should)do的形式。5.afford用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。

Note:前面需要有beableto或can等词。6.after用法：表示在时间、空间之后；beafter表示追寻。

Note:用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after3o’clock;in3days.7.agree用法：与介词on,to,with及动词不定式搭配。

Note:agreeon表示达成一致；agreeto表示批准；agreewith表示同意某人说的话。8.alive用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note:可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：burysb.alive.9.allow用法：allowdoing;allowsb.todo

Note:可以表示允许进入，如：Pleaseallowmein.10.among用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。

Note:还可以表示其中之一，如：Heisamongthebest.11.and用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。

Note:与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Workhard,andyou’llsucceedsoonerorlater.12.another用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于onemore的含义。Note:不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another2weeks.

13.answer用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词、to搭配。Note:可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answerthephone/door.14.anxious用法：beanxiousfor/about/todo

Note:beanxiousabout表示担心；beanxiousfor表示盼望得到。15.appear用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。Note:还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。16.arrive用法：arriveat表示到一个小地方；arrivein表示到一个大地方。Note:引申含义表示得出，如：arriveatadecision/conclusion.17.ask用法：asktodo;asksb.todo;askfor

Note:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：askthatsb.(should)do的形式。18.asleep用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note:通常与动词be及fall搭配；soundasleep表示熟睡。19.attend用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting,lecture,conference,class,school,wedding,funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。Note:attendto可以表示处理、照料等。20.attention用法：payattentionto;draw/catchsb’sattentionNote:写通知时的常用语：MayIhaveyourattention,please?21.beat用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。

Note:heartbeat表示心跳。22.because用法：后面接原因状语从句，becauseof后面接名词。Note:because表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。23.become用法：系动词，表示变得……。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。Note:becomeofsb.表示某人发生了什么事情。

24.before用法：beforelong,longbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday,theweek/yearbeforelast上上周/前年Note:Itbe+段时间before…在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。25.begin用法：begintodo;begindoing

Note:当begin本身是进行时的时候，只能用begintodo的形式。如：Itwasbeginningtorain.26.believe用法：believesb.表示相信某人说的话；believeinsb.表示信任；6123结构。Note:回答问句时通常用Ibelieveso/not的形式。27.besides用法：表示除……之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。Note:还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开。28.beyond用法：表示越过、在另一边，如：beyondthewood/bridge.Note:可以用于引申含义，表示超出……，如：beyondcontrol/power/description.

29.bit用法：与alittle一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。Note:修饰名词时要用abitof；notabit表示一点也不。30.blame用法：take/beartheblame;blamesth.on.sb.

Note:表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：Heistoblame.31.blow用法：blowdown/awayNote:表示风刮得很大时要用blowhard.

32.boil用法：boiling表示沸腾的；boiled表示煮过的。Note:boilingpoint可以表示沸点。

33.borrow用法：borrow表示借入：lend表示借出。Note:点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。

34.breath用法：holdone’sbreath;outofbreath;saveone’sbreathNote:takeabreath表示深吸一口气；takebreath表示喘口气。35.burn用法：burndown/up/one’shandNote:burning表示点着的；burnt表示烧坏的。

36.business用法：onbusiness表示出差；in/outofbusiness表示开/关张。Note:表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。

37.busy用法：bebusywith/doing.Note:不能说Myworkisbusy.应说Iambusywithmywork.

38.buy用法：buysth.for5dollars;buysth.forsb.Note:点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。

39.but用法：not…but..butfornextbutone,havenochoicebutodosth.,allbut几乎，差一点Note:donothingbutdosth.nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Notonly…butalso…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannothelp/choosebutdosth.不能不，只能40.by用法：byaccident,byair/sea/train,byandby,byfar,byforce,bymistake,bychance,bythewayNote:bywayof取道，经由。byreasonof由于。by引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。41.care用法：takecareof;withcare;carefor/aboutNote:careabout表示在乎，常用于否定句；carefor表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。42.carry用法：carry表示搬运；carryon表示进行；坚持下去；carryout表示执行。Note:carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。43.case用法：incase;incaseof;inanycase;inthis/thatcase

Note:incase后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即incasesb.shoulddo的形式。44.catch用法：catchthethief;catchfire;catchacold;catchupwithNote:becaught表示陷入困境，如：Hewascaughtintherain.45.cattle用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattleareraisedhere.Note:一头牛可以用aheadofcattle.注意:十头牛用tenheadofcattle。

46.chance用法：bychance;takeachance;thereisachancethat…Note:在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。47.change用法：changeAforB表示用A换成B；changeAintoB表示把A变成B。Note:表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。48.class用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note:inclass表示在上课，intheclass表示在班上。49.close用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。Note:close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。50.clothes用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note:要用few或many来修饰。

51.buy用法：buysth.for5dollars;buysth.forsb.Note:点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。

52.but用法：not…but..butfornextbutone,havenochoicebutodosth.,allbut几乎，差一点

Note:donothingbutdosth.nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Notonly…butalso…引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannothelp/choosebutdosth.不能不，只能53.by用法：byaccident,byair/sea/train,byandby,byfar,byforce,bymistake,bychance,bytheway

Note:bywayof取道，经由。byreasonof由于。by引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。54.call用法：callfor/up/back/in/,callonsb.todosth.,pay/makeacallonsb.givesb.acall,oncallNote:callat后面跟地点；callon后面跟人。55.care用法：takecareof;withcare;carefor/about

Note:careabout表示在乎，常用于否定句；carefor表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。56.carry用法：carry表示搬运；carryon表示进行；坚持下去；carryout表示执行。

Note:carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。57.case用法：incase;incaseof;inanycase;inthis/thatcase

Note:incase后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即incasesb.shoulddo的形式。58.catch用法：catchthethief;catchfire;catchacold;catchupwith,catchsb.doingsth.

Note:becaught表示陷入困境，如：Hewascaughtintherain.59.cattle用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattleareraisedhere.

Note:一头牛可以用aheadofcattle.注意十头牛用tenheadofcattle。60.chance用法：bychance;takeachance;thereisachancethat…Note:在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。61.change用法：changeAforB表示用A换成B；changeAintoB表示把A变成B。Note:表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。62.charge用法：chargesb.with(doing)sth.that…,chargesb.todosth.chargesb.for$

Note:inchargeof负责；inthechargeof由某人负责(表示的是被动的)。63.class用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note:inclass表示在上课，intheclass表示在班上。

64.clear用法：clearaway,clearoff,makeclear,itisclearthat…Note:clearup及物时表示“澄清，整理，收拾”；不及物表示“晴朗起来，开朗起来”。65.close用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。

Note:close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。66.clothes用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note:要用few或many来修饰。67.collect用法：collectstamps;collectone’schildfromschool

Note:acollectphone表示对方付费的电话。68.come用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有：cometo,comeabout,comeacross,comeout,cometoanend,comedown,comeup,comeintobeing/exist/force/effect等。

Note:可用作系动词，表示变成，如：Hisdreamscametrue.69.common用法：表示普遍性，如：Smithisacommonname.

Note:commonsense表示常识；incommon表示共同点。70.compare用法：compare…with…表示把……与……作比较；compare…to…表示把……比作……。Note:用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Comparedwith/tootherwomen,shewasverylucky.71.consider用法：considerdoingsth./whattodo/that...，considersb.sth.6123结构

Note:该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补；considering引导短语作状语，表示“考虑到”72.condition用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。

Note:onconditionthat表示只要，条件状语从句。

73.content用法：becontentwith/todo

Note:表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。74.cost用法：sth.costsb.somemoney，只能用物作主语。Note:修饰cost要用副词high或low.

75.cover用法：becoveredwith表示状态；becoveredby表示动作。Note:反义词uncover表示揭开盖子；discover表示发现。76.cross用法：crossoff划掉，crossone’smind,crossout,bearone’scross忍受痛苦Note:作形容词一般用于becrosswithsb.=beangrywithsb.77.crowd用法：becrowdedwithNote:集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。78.cure用法：curesb.of…Note:cure强调治愈，表示结果；而treat知表示动作。79.cut用法：cutdown/up/off

Note:作名词时ashortcut表示捷径。80.damage用法：dodamagetosb.=dosb.harm

Note:表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。81.danger用法：indanger表示处于危险的境地。Note:表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。82.dare用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟不定式。Note:Idaresaythat….意为：我猜测，可能，或许。83.dark用法：before/afterdark;inthedark

Note:可以表示深色的，如：darkblue.84.deal用法：agreat/gooddealof修饰不可数名词。Note:作动词时构成短语dealwith,常与副词how搭配。85.defeat用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。Note:不能用人作宾语。86.demand用法：demandtodo;demandthat…,demandofsb.todosth.

Note:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demandthatsb.(should)do的形式。87.depend用法：dependonsb./sth./one’sdoingsth./todosth.Note:depend不及物动词，常和on连用。意为“依靠，信赖”88.desert用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。

Note:可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：adesertedhouse.89.determine用法：determinetodo;determinesb.todo

Note:过去分词表示有决心的，可以说bedeterminedtodosth.决心做…(表示状态)90.devote用法：devoteoneselfto;bedevotedto

Note:与devote搭配的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如：Hiswholelifewasdevotedtoteaching.91.die用法：dieof/from/for/out/away

Note:点动词，不与for引起的时间状语连用。92.difficulty用法：havedifficultywith;havedifficultieswithsth.;havedifficultyindoingsth.;Note:表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。93.disagree用法：disagreewithsb.

Note:disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：Hedisagreedwithyou,didn’the?94.distance用法：inthedistance;atadistanceNote:可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。95.divide用法：divide…into…表示把……分成几份。强调分成等份。Note:可以表示除法，如：Ninedividedbythreeisthree.96.do用法：doawaywith,dosb.afaour;doup;dowith.,dowonders,dosb.wrong=dowrongtosb.

Note:主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示“行”：Ifyouhavenopen,pencilwilldo.97.doubt用法：doubtsb./sth.,beyonddoubt,indoubt,nodoubt,withoutadoubt

Note:主句是否定句时宾语用that引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用whether/if引导。98.downtown用法：副词，前面不加介词，如：godowntown.

Note:可用作定语，如：adowntownstreet.99.draw用法：drawapicture/thecurtain

Note:引申含义表示得出，如：drawaconclusion/lesson.100.dream用法：dreamof/about/that…二、重点词组1.beabletodo能够做Afterpayinggreatefforts,heisabletospeakEnglishfluently.2.beabouttodo正要做AsIwasabouttosay,youinterruptedme.

3.add…to…把……加……Ifyouadd5to5,yougetten.Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomehotwater.Thisaddstoourdifficulties.

4.beafraidof害怕Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.

5.goagainst反对Wedon'tagreewiththeproposal,becauseitgoesagainstthelaw.

6.agreeon达成一致Weagreedonanearlystart/makingaearlystart.Weallagreeontheterms.

7.agreetodo同意做Myfatherhasagreedtobuymeanewcomputer.

8.agreewith同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与……相符Idon'tagreewithyouonthispoint.YourstoryagreeswithwhatIhadalreadyheard.Theclimatedoesn'tagreewithme.ThemusselsIhadforlunchhaven'tagreedwithme.Theverbagreesitssubjectinnumberandperson.

9.beangrywith对……生气Hewasangrywithhimselfforhavingmadesuchafoolishmistake.Hewasangryatbeingkeptwaiting.10.beanxiousabout对……担心Iwasanxiousaboutmyson'shealth.

11.applyfor申请IhaveappliedtotheConsulforthevisa.

12.takesth.inone'sarms把……抱在怀里Shetookabunchofrosesinherarms.

13.takeuparms拿起武器Weshouldtakeupourarmstodefendourmotherland.

14.arrivein/ataplace达到某地MybrotherwillarriveinBeijingnextMonday.Iarriveattheschooleverymorningataregulartime.15.ask(sb.)forsth.向（某人）要某物Youshouldn'taskyourparentsformoneyanymore.16.payattentionto对……注意

Whenyouwriteanessay,youhaveseveralthingstopayattentionto.17.beawayfrom远离……Whenyoufriendisintrouble,don'tbeawayfromhim/her;instead,youshouldtryyourbesttohelp.18.go/runaway逃跑It'sdangerous!Go/runawayimmediately.19.beat…todeath将……打死Hewasnearlybeattodeathonceafterhewascaughtstealing.20.gotobed上床休息IwassotiredthatIwenttobedearlierthanbefore.

21.makethebed铺床Youareoldenoughtomakethebedsbyyourself.

22.begone'spardon请某人再说一遍

SorryIdidn'tcatchit.Ibegyourpardon.

23.begin…with以……开始Thepartybeganwithacheerfulsong.

24.believein信仰Inwesterncountries,manypeoplebelieveinGod.

25.belongto属于ThatTaiwanbelongstoChinashouldbeunquestionable.

26.doone'sbest尽最大的努力Ifyouhavedoneyourbest,thenthere'snothingtoregret.

27.hadbetter最好Youhadbetterstopsmoking.

28.blowaway吹走Thewindblewtheheataway.

29.takeaboat乘船Itookaboattogototheislandinthecenterofthelake.

30.beborn出生Hewasborninawealthyfamily.

31.breakawayfrom从……脱离，断绝关系Wewon'tsay"Yes"toanyone'sbreakingawayfromourcountry.Can'tyoubreakawayfromoldhabits?32.breakdown（指计划、打算）破灭；（机器）坏了；（身体状况）变差Ourplanshavebrokendown.

Negotiationsbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendown.Theenginebrokedown.Hishealthbrokedownafterthedeathofhiswife.Sugarandstarcharebrokendowninthestomach.33.breakinto破门而入Hishousewasbrokenintolastweek.

34.breakoff从中间打断Hebrokeoffinthemiddleofasentence.Let'sbreakoffforanhourandhavesometea.Themastbrokeoff.

35.breakout（指战争、灾难、争吵等）突然爆发Afirebrokeoutduringthenight.Thequarrelbrokeoutafresh.36.breaktherules违反规则Everyoneinthegroupmustn'tbreaktherules.37.breakup击碎、驱散终止

结束分裂

分开分手放学Theshipwasbreakingupontherocks.Thegatheringbrokeupindisorder.Thepolicebrokeupthecrowd.38.holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸Heheldhisbreathandsneakedintohisroom.

39.bringdown击落、打倒Amomentago,webroughtdownahostileaircraft.Weshouldbringdownthetyrant.

40.bringin赚得、赢得（利润）Hisfarmsbring(him)in$20000ayear.Theprogrambringsinanewfashion.41.bringon导致……结果Hewasoutalldayintherainandthisbroughtonabadcold.Thefineweatherisbringingthecropsonnicely.Thecoachisbringingonsomeyoungstersinthereserveteam.42.bringup抚养Shehasbroughtupfivechildren.Ifchildrenarebadlybroughtuptheybehavebadly.43.buildup建立；恢复（身体状况等）Hehasbuiltupagoodbusiness.Hewentonholidayandsoonbuiltuphishealth.44.burn…totheground把……夷为平地TheJapaneseinvadersburntthehousestotheground.45.burndown烧光Thehousewasburntdown.

46.burstintolaughter.突然爆发大笑Onseeingtheamusingscene,sheburstintolaughter.

47.burstintotears突然大哭Shesuddenlyburstintotears.48.bebusydoing/withsth.忙于做某事Wearebusypreparingfor/withtheexam.

49.callat(aplace)拜访某地Icalledatthetailor'sacoupleofdaysago.

50.callback回电话Iwillcallbacklater.

51.callfor到某地取东西；接人；要求；呼吁AmancallseveryMondayforoldnewspapers.I'llcallforyouat6o'clock.Theoccasioncallsforpromptaction.Peopleallovertheworldcallforpeace.

52.callin请（医生）Pleasecallinadoctoratonce.

53.callon拜访某人Myunclecalledonmeyesterdayonhiswayhome.54.takecareof照顾；负责Thenursetookgoodcareofthepatients.Here,letmetakecareofthecleaning.Thesearethedevicesthattakecareofthewastefromthefactory.55.carefor担心、关心、想MyparentscareformysafetywhenItravelbymyself.Theeldersshouldcarefortheyoungergeneration.Wouldyoucareforagameoftabletennis?

56.carryoff夺走（生命）；取得（奖励等）Theterriblewarcarriedoffherfather'slife.Tomcarriedoffalltheschoolprizes.57.carryon进行Thediscussioncarriedonafterashortbreak.58.carryout实施Theplanhastobecarriedoutassoonaspossible.59.catchfire起火Thismaterialiseasytocatchfire.Becareful.

60.catchupwith赶上Ihavetostudyevenharderthanbeforeinordertocatchupwithmypeers.61.change…for把……换成Theshirtistoobig.CanIchangeforanotherone.62.change…into把……变成Hechangedintohisworkingclotheswhenhebegantowork.63.changeone'smind改变主意Ipersuadedhimtochangehismind.

64.checkout核对，检查Wouldyouhelpmetocheckoutthenamesandnumbers.Hecheckedoutandleftthehotel.

65.clearaway收拾，整理Pleasehelpmetoclearawaytheteathings.

66.clearup（指天）晴朗；清理Theweather/skyisclearingup.Clearupthedeskbeforeyouleavetheoffice.

67.catch/takecold;haveacold感冒Hewasabsentbecausehecaughtcoldlastnight.68.comeabout产生……结果Howdoesitcomeabouthalfoftheclassareabsent?69.comeacross碰巧遇到；突然想起Icameacrossthisoldbroochinacurioshop.Thethoughtcameacrossmymindthatwe…

70.comeback回想起来Theirnamesareallcomingbacktomenow.

71.comedown（指雨）下得很大；（指气温）下降Theraincamedowninbucketfuls.Thetemperaturecamedownsuddenly.

72.comefrom来自MuchofthebutterinEnglandcomesfromNewZealand.73.comeoff脱落Thebuttonhascomeoffmycoat.

74.comeon加油Comeon!Let'sracetothebottomofthehill.

75.comeout出现；（指花）开放；Thestarscomeout.Theflowersarecomingout.Whenwillhisnewbookcomeout?

76.cometo（指数字）达到Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhoattendedtheconferencecameto1000.77.cometrue（指梦想）实现Ihopethatmydreamwillcometrueonedayinthefuture.78.comeupHecameupthehardway.Thequestionhasn'tcomeupyet.79.comparewith与……比较Comparedwitheducationinwesterncountries,Chinahasherownspecialfeatures.

80.compareto把……比作Teachersaresometimescomparedtocandles.

81.connectto与……联系It'sarailwaythatconnectsBeijingtoShenzhen.

82.connectwith与……联接Wheredoescookerconnectwiththegas-pipe?

83.beconsideredas被认为是Sheisconsideredasthebestteacherinourschool.

84.considerdoingsth.考虑做……I'mconsideringmovingabroad.

85.becoveredwith被……覆盖Thegroundwascoveredwithheavysnow.

86.cutdown砍倒Don'tcutdowntheyoungtrees.

87.cutoff砍掉；截断Don'tcutyourfingersoff!Theenemyhadcutoffourfoodsupply.

89.cutup切碎I'llcutupthemeat.

90.datefrom起始于Thetempledatesfromoverathousandyearsago.

91.dealwith处理；对付；相处；涉及Howdoyoudealwiththedifficulties?Themanishardtodealwith.Thebookdealswithhealthproblems.

92.doagooddeed做好事

Duringhislifetime,LeiFenghaddonemanygooddeeds.93.dependon取决于；信任Whetherwegotoparkthisweekenddependsontheweather.YoucanalwaysdependonJim,forheisanhonestman.Itdependsonyou.Anytimeisallrightforme.94.devoteto把（时间、精力等）专注于……MaryCuriodevotedallherlifetotheresearchofradiationmatters,95.dieof死于Hediesofadisease.

96.dieout绝种Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.97.bedifferentfrom与……不同

Thepictureontherightisdifferentfromtheoneontheleft.98.divideup把……分开Wedividedthemoneyupequally.Howshallwedividetheworkup?

99.divideinto把……分成（几部分）Thehousewasdividedintotwoparts.

100.dosb.afavor给某人帮忙Wouldyoudomeafavor?

101.dowellin在……方面表现好Hedidwellinmathswhenhewasinhighschool.

102.dowrong犯错误，犯罪Hewassentencedthreeyearsforhisdoingwrong.

103.dreamof梦想Iamalwaysdreamingoftravelingaroundtheworld.

104.dropin顺路拜访Somefriendsdroppedintotea.

105.earnone'sliving挣钱维持生计Sheearnedherlivingbywriting.

106.eatup吃光Hewassohungrythatheateupallthefoodonthetable.107.haveaneffecton对……有影响Herchildhoodlifehadagreateffectonherlaterlife.

108.endup结束（一般是不太好的结果）Ifyoucontinuestealingyouwillendupinprison.

109.fallasleep入睡Hewassotiredthathefellasleepverysoon.

110.fallbehind落后Healwaysfallsbehindwhenwe'regoinguphill.

111.falldown摔倒Babiesoftenfalldownwhentheyarelearningtowalk.Thebasketisfullofeggs-don'tletitfalldown.

112.fallill生病Hehasfallenill.

113.fallinlovewith与……相爱Hefellinlovewithanactress.

114.falloff从……摔下Thedailynumberofpassengersbythislineshowsaslightfallingoff.Thenaughtyboyfelloffthetreewhenhereachedthebirdnest.

115.fallover摔入Hefelloverintothewaterandbrokehislegs.

116.falltopieces摔成碎片Thewindowwasbrokenandfelltopieces.

117.befamiliarwith与……熟悉HewasfamiliarwithEnglishanddidthetranslationworkwell.118.befamousfor因……出名

BillGatesisfamousforhisgreatestfortuneoftheworld.119.feellikedoing想做……Idon'tfeellikeeatingtoomuch.

120.fillin填写Pleasefillintheapplicationformsbeforeyougoforainterview.121.findout找出事实真相Imadeupmindtofindoutthetruth.

122.befitfor对……合适Sheistheverypersonwhoisfitfortheposition.

123.fixup给某人提供住宿；安排I'llfixyouupforthenight.Don'tworryaboutthat.Mysecretaryhasfixedupameetingwithyou.Pleasefixyourdrawersup.

124.befondof喜欢……Iwasveryfondofteaching,soIdecidedtoworkinahighschoolasateacher.125.setfree解放OneofthegreatcontributionsLincolnhadmadewassettingtheslavesfree.126.makefriendswith与……交朋友

Shewasverypopular,andshehadmadelotsoffriendsaftershemovedtothenewschool.127.befullof充满……Thehallwasfullofcrowdsofpeople.

128.makefunof开……的玩笑Nevermakefunofthedisabledpeople.

129.getalongwith与……相处Sheisgettingalongwithherstudiesandnewfriendswell.130.getaway逃走Twooftheprisonersgotaway.

131.getback回来Youcanarrangeyoutimeyourselfafterschoolaslongasyougetbackbefore10p.m.

132.getcloseto接近Inordertobeafamousactor,hetriedtogetclosetothosemoviestars.133.getdown下车Remembertogetdownafterthreestops.

134.getdownto集中精力做……Ishouldgetdowntomyworkafterthelongholiday.135.getin（表示火车）进站；收割Thtraingotinfiveminutesearly.FarmersgetinharvestinSeptember.136.getintouchwith与……取得联系I'velostmyphonebook,soIcan'tgetintouchwithmyoldfriends.137.getintothehabitof形成某种习惯Aftercominghere,I'vegotintothehabitofgettingupearlyinthemorning.138.getmarried结婚Hehasgotmarriedandhasthetwins.

139.getoffWegotoffimmediatelyafterbreakfast.Shegotoffthescarfaftergettingin.

140.getridof摆脱，除掉Weshouldgetridofbadhabits.

141.getthough接通；通过（考试）；Irangyouseveraltimesyesterdaybutcouldn'tgetthrough.

Tomfailedbuthissistergotthrough.142.gettogether聚会Wegot