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HukouReformandUrbanizationYangYaoCCER/NSD,PekingUniversity2024/1/221NYSE,January7,2021WhatistheHukouHouseholdregistrationEstablishedin1958topreventfreemovementofpeople,especiallyfromthecountrysidetothecity.Apersongetshis/herHukouinthecityorvillagewherehe/shewasborn.Since2003,mostoftherestrictions/benefitsassociatedwiththehukouwereeliminatedCurrently,children’seducationandaccesstowelfarearethetwomostsignificantbenefitsassociatedwiththeHukou.2024/1/222NYSE,January7,2021ReforminitiativesAreformannouncedonFebruary23,2021Migrantscanapplyforthelocalhukouinsmallcitiesoncetheyhaveastablejobandaplace(includingarentedhome)tolive;Migrantscanapplyforthelocalhukouinsmallcitiesoncetheyhaveworkedandlivedthereforthreeyears;Nochangeforlargecities.2024/1/22NYSE,January7,20213CollegeadmissionsUptonow,18provinces(includingBeijingandShanghai)haveannouncednewpoliciestowardcollegeadmissionsformigrantchildrenSomeareradicalrequiringonlyoneyearinlocalhighschoolstoqualifytakingthecollegeadmissionexamsintheprovince;Someareconservativeonlyallowingmigrantchildrentogototechnicalcolleges.2024/1/22NYSE,January7,20214Whyisthereformsignificant?Itisaboutgettingridofapolicythathaveseparatedpeoplebytheirbirthplacesforthelasthalfcentury.ItisalsoabouttransformingtheChineseeconomySpeedingupurbanizationAcceleratingstructuralchangeBoostingdomesticconsumption2024/1/22NYSE,January7,20215Morethanhalfofthepopulationlivesinthecitysince20212024/1/226China’surbanizationlagsbehindofitsincomelevelwhencomparedwithothercountries2024/1/227Source:WDI.Incomeandurbanizationinlowandmediumincomecountries(2009)China2024/1/228Rural-urbanmigration:1993-2021(mil.)Source:ChinastatisticalYearbook.Agriculturalemploymentisstilllarge2024/1/229Source:.ApotentialsourceofgrowthBoostingdomesticconsumptionAnurbanresidentonaverageconsumes2.57timesofhiscounterpartinthecountrysideIfthe160mil.migrantsobtainhukousotheirconsumptionisincreasedtothelevelofpeoplewithhukou,thennationalconsumptionwouldbeincreasedby11.8%

ThismeansthattheshareofconsumptioninnationalGDPwouldincreaseto52.2%from48%.2024/1/22NYSE,January7,202110ChallengesConflictsbetweenlocalresidentsandmigrantsOnegroup’sgainsimplyanothergroup’slossesStressesonlocalpublicfinanceSchools,transportation,housing,police,sanitaryfacilities,environmentalp

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