32 加西亚·马尔克斯和魔幻现实主义

Chapter32 GarcíaMárquezandMagicRealismGarcíaMárquez

(1928-)theColombiannovelistandshort-storywriter,knownasoneofthemastersofmagicrealism,astylethatweavestogetherrealismandfantasy.Cienañosdesoledad

GarcíaMárquez’smasterpiece,OneHundredYearsofSolitudeisanovelbyNobelPrizewinningColombianauthorGabrielGarcíaMárquezthatwasfirstpublishedinSpanishin1967theChileanNobellaureatePabloNerudaoncesaid,"perhapsthegreatestrevelationintheSpanishlanguagesincetheDonQuixoteofCervantes,"thenovelhassoldabout10millioncopiesinover30languages.ThecontentofthenovelCoveringsixgenerationsoftheBuendíafamilyandthehistoryofthetownofMacondo,thismythicnovelformanyreadersseemedtoencompassthehistoryofLatinAmericaandtoconstituteanallegoryofhumankind.OneHundredYearsofSolitudeasanEpic

Thenovelisthehistoryofthefounding,development,anddeathofahumansettlement,Macondo,andofthemostimportantfamilyinthattown,theBuendias.

AreflectionofthehistoryThebookisconsideredGarcíaMárquez'smasterpiece,metaphoricallyencompassingthehistoryofColombiaorLatinAmerica.SectionOneⅠ.

TheLatin-Americahistoryandculture.ColombiaFlagBogotaPereiraChurchbuiltinagorgenearIpialesBackwardandPoverty:Latin-AmericanlifeThearepoorbecausetheoriginalculturewasinterruptedbytheEuropeancolonialmovement.PortuguesenavigatorPedroÁlvaresCabralwassentbyKingManueltotheEastIndiesin1500SimónBolívarhelpedwinindependencefromSpainforBolivia,Colombia,Ecuador,Peru,andVenezuela.

Ⅱ.Magicrealismastylethatweavestogetherrealismandfantasy,andthetermespeciallyreferstotheLatin-Americaliteraturemovementinthe1970s.BelindaEatonBritishartistdisplayingherextensiveportfolioofmagicrealismpaintingsandportraits,doneinacryliconcanvas.

HermagicstyleBelindaEaton’smagicrealismpaintingsandportraitsevokeaworldofcolour,vividcharacters,swirlingspaces,uncontainedenergythatcan’tbetrappedbythelimitsofthecanvas,imagesconstantlyonthemove,livinglife,dancing,drinking,andeating.PortraitofHectorOctavioSaenz-2007TwogirlsMICHAELPARKES:Bornin1944,MichaelParkesisverymuchofthehippiegeneration.theBelgiansurrealistpainterRenéMagritte(1898-1967)SonofMan(1964)MeSalvadorDalí’spainting

ThePersistenceofMemory(1931)TheUncertaintyofthePoet(1913)bytheGreco-ItalianartistGiorgiodeChiricoGerman-bornartistMaxErnstlikedtocreateseeminglynonsensicalart,oftenbyrepresentinghumanqualitiesinmachinery.Armenian-bornAmericanartistArshileGorkywasstronglyinfluencedbythesurrealistmovement,especiallyinhisuseofbiomorphic,ambiguousforms.Ⅲ.MárquezandmagicrealismColombia’s

Gabriel

GarcíaMárquezisknownforhisuseofmagicrealism,astylethatblendsfantasticelementswithrealisticnarrative,althoughmuchofhiswritingcontainssocialanalysisaswell.AestheticconceptionofmagicrealisminthenovelTheinterminglingofthefantasticandthefactualthroughoutthenovelkeepsusalwaysonedge,alwaysinastateofimaginativeanticipation,particularlyinthestoryoftheBuendiamen,whoseimaginationsarerepeatedlygoingoffinvariousdirections,inschemeswhicharetheconstantsourceofamusement,novelty,anddelight.SectionTwo

Cienañosdesoledad,Ⅰ.InthisnovelGarcíaMárqueztracestheoriginsofpowerandcorruptionthroughafamilyhistory.

Cent'annidisolitudine

II.TheStoryIttellsthestoryofafamilyandthevillageinwhichtheyliveaswellasdescribingmuchofColombia’smiserablecolonialhistory,analyzingitssuccessesandfailuresasanindependentrepublic.ItisahistoryThenovelchroniclesafamily'sstruggle,andthehistoryoftheirfictionaltown,Macondo,foronehundredyears.WhenArcadioJoséBuendíaandUrsulaestablishMacondo,itislikeaUtopia.MacondoMacondoThetragicalfateofthefamilyThebackwardoftheisolatednation:BuendíamarryshiscousinUrsula,andthefamilyisdoomedtohaveachildwithpigtail.Yettoopentotheoutworldisalsoadeadway-WhentheforeigninvasionintotheprimitivesocietyMacondobecomesacountrywhoseeconomyandpoliticalsystemisdominatedbyaforeignfruitcompany.MacondoispushedintocivilwarsCivilwarbreaksoutintheland,andMacondosoontakesaroleinthewar,sendingamilitialedbyColonelAurelianoBuendía,JoséArcadioBuendía'sson,tofightagainsttheconservativeregime.ColonelAureliano

Buendía

ColonelAureliano’suprisessuggesttheLatinAmericancivilwar.

III.Themagicrealismofthenovel:theinconceivableplotsandtheincomprehensibilityimages,thereflectionofthespecialLatin-Americancultureandreality.Realist:theGypsy,ice,thehistoryoftheBuendíafamily,…Magic:themagnette,thecontinuingcommunicatebetweenthethedeadandtheliving,…IV.ThemenFullofamazingenergiesandintelligence,whichgenerateambitiousprojectsorpassionatesexuality,theyareunabletorealizeanylong-termsuccess.ArcadioJoséBuendía,ColonelAureliano

Buendía

ArcadioJoséBuendíaandUrsulaArcadioJoséBuendíaandUrsulaV.thewomenTheyarefirmlyanchoredindailyreality,asobsessedasthemen,butwiththeroutinesofdailyliving.UrsulaUrsulaisthepillarUrsulaisthepillarofstrengthinwhichtherestofthefamilyrelies.Sheisnotonlythemotherofthechildrenbutsheisalsotheonewhobringsinthemoney.WithoutUrsula,theBuendia

familywouldnothavebeenabletosurviveaslongastheydid.TheBuendiahouseholdwasnomorewhenUrsulabecameoldandsenile.ThedeathofUrsula,markedthebeginningoftheendforMacondoforthatiswhentheplagueofdeadbirdsbegan