城市规划专业英语(1)课件

ProfessionalEnglishof

UrbanPlanningLecturer:PENGLihua,LillianaEmail:plhblue@CollegeofArchitecture,NJUT1-ReviewAsurveywasconductedtoinvestigatestudents’Englishlevel,futureplansandperceptionstowardsthecoursestudyThelearningmaterials,process,requirementsandobjectivesofthiscoursewereclarifiedReadingexercises:howtogainthemainideaofasentencebyanalyzingit’sstructure?2-HowtoimproveyourreadingskillsPracticemakesperfect,readmore,you’llgainmore!!!1VocabularyStructureofasentence:whodid/iswhatwhenwherewhyLogicalstructureofaparagraphRelationshipsbetweenparagraphs3-ExerciseAcrossEurope,thereareawiderangeofschemeswhichhaveattemptedtotackleurbansocialexclusionbyinvolvinglocalpeopleinarea-basedregenerationschemesthroughthemediumofpartnerships.Communityparticipationinurbanregenerationpartnershipsisthoughttomakeschemesmoreefficientandeffectiveinthesensethatithelpstoensurethattheyaddresstheproblemswhichlocalpeopleperceiveasimportant.Residentsoftencomeupwithnewandinnovativeideas/methodsfordealingwithproblemsandtheirparticipationensuresthelegitimacyofsuchschemes.Inaddition,communityinvolvementensuresthatpre-existingcommunitygroups,andtheiractivities,arenotignored,butaredrawnintotheregenerationprocess.4-CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnershipOverall,area-basedschemescancontributeinanumberofways:

---Itishopedthatsomeunemployedresidentswillbeabletogaindirectemploymentinschemeswhicharepartoftheprojects.----Trainingschemeswillequipotherstofindemploymentinregenerationprojectsorelsewhereinthecity.----Byprovidingservicessuchaswelfareadvicecenters,manypeoplewillbebetterequippedtotakeupbenefitstowhichtheyareentitledbuthavenotpreviouslyclaimed.5-

----Localauthoritieswill,eithervoluntarilyorthroughpressurefromresidents,providebetterservicestothearea.----Theveryactofparticipationitselfwillreducethe“alienation”manyexcludedpeoplefeelfromthepoliticalsystem.----And,finally,theprocessofparticipationmaybringthecommunitytogether,astheyattempttoidentifyandarticulatetheirinterests,andthereforeenhancecohesioninthearea.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership6-

Clearlythisisanambitiousagendaandonewouldnotexpecttofindeveryprojectexhibitingallthesecharacteristicstothesameextent,ifatallinsomecases.Agreatdealwilldependuponthepreviousnationalexperiencesofurbanregenerationand,asnotedabove,thereareconsiderablevariationsbetweenmember-stateswithregardtothisissue.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership7-ItisperhapsherethattheCommissionhasanimportantroletoplaybylaunchinginitiativeswhichwillhelptodisseminateexamplesofbestpractice,tostimulateinnovationand,insomeinstances,toraiseawarenessofproblemswhichhavepreviouslynotfiguredonthepoliticalpolicyagendaorinthepublic’sconsciousness.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership8-

Atthesupranationallevel,initiativessuchasPoverty3,URBAN,INTEGRAandarangeofotherschemesassociatedwiththestructuralfundshavefulfilledthisfunction.Forinstance,themajorityofPoverty3projectswerelocatedinurbanareasandthusplayedanimportantroleinraisingtheawarenessofurbansocialexclusioninindividualcountriessuchasSpainwherepreviouslysuchissueshadnotfiguredonthepolicyagenda.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership9-

Atnationallevel,thereareawiderangeofschemessuchastheSingleRegenerationBudgetinEngland,kvarterloftinDenmark;andContratsdeVillesinFrance.Withvaryingdegreesofexplicitness,theseschemeshavesoughttocountersocialpartnerships.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership10-However,itneedstobestatedthatpartnershipsandcommunityinvolvementarenopanaceafortheseproblems,theybringwiththemtheirownlimitationsanddifficulties.Forinstance,manyoftheproblemsexperiencedbypeoplelivinginexcludedspaceshavetheiroriginsinwiderstructuralforces,politicalactionsandinstitutional/organizationalproblems.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership11-Ontheirown,area-basedinitiativescannotsolvetheproblemsoftheseareas;itisvitalthatsuchschemesarticulatewith,andaresupportedby,widerpolicies(ontheeconomy,employment,socialprotection)---inotherwords,place-basedpoliciesneedtobeintegratedwithpeople-basedpolicies.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership12-

Turningtothemulti-sectoralpartnershipsthathaveincreasinglycometocharacterizearea-basedurbanregeneration,weneedtoacknowledgethattheyareoftenproblematic.

Inpart,thisderivesfromtherelativenewnessoforganizationswhichattempttocombinethepublic,private,voluntaryandcommunitysectors.

CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership13-

Untilrelativelyrecently,therehasbeenlittleexperienceofhowsuchorganizationsoperateandasaresultpartnershipformationisverymucha“learningprocess”.

Forinstance,untilrecentlyinFranceurbanregenerationpartnershipswerelargelypartnershipsbetweendifferentlevelsofgovernment,andthecommunityandvoluntarysectorswereignored.CommunityParticipationinUrbanRegenerationPartnership14-

Inasense,alltheparticipantshavetolearntoworktogetherand,atleastattempt,tosetasidetheirindividualinterestsanddevelopanotionofthe“commongood”.Manyoftheproblemswhichpartnershipshaveexperiencedstemfromanunwillingnesstorecognizethattheyinvolvepowerrelationsandtherehasbeenrelativelylittlesustaineddiscussion,atEuropeanornationallevels,ofwhatpartnershipmeansoroftheprocessespartnershipfor