英语专业考研 刘炳善版 英国文学简史 The Romantic Period William W

TheRomanticPeriod1.TheHistoricalBackground 1.1DomesticTurmoil 1.2GlobalRevolutionaryAtmosphere2.LiteraryTrend1.1DomesticTurmoilThecapitalists(thebourgeoisclass)TheproletarianclassClassconflictsaggravatedtoanunprecedenteddegree.(Luddites’movementof1811-1816)1.2GlobalRevolutionaryAtmosphereEngland’srelationshipsinthelastphaseofthe18thcenturywithIreland,Scotland,andhercoloniesinNorthAmericahasbecomecritical.(theuprisinginIreland,theAmericanWarofIndependence)TheFrenchRevolutionIdeasofdemocracy,equality,andfreedomweredisseminatedamongthepopulace.FalloftheBastille:14July1789TheFrenchRevolutionTheFrenchRevolution2.LiteraryTrend

RomanticMovement.TheliteratureoftheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditionthatcamewiththeindustrialrevolutionandthegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.CulturalBackground：thinkersRousseau(1712-1778)让-雅克·卢梭--rejecttheworshipofnature--civilizedmanshouldreturntonature,toaprimitivestateoflifeEdmundBurke(1729-1797)

埃德蒙·伯克

ReflectionontheRevolutioninFrance(1790)ThomasPaine(1737-1809)

TheRightsofMan(1971)--justifytheradicalactionsoftheFrenchpeopleinrevolutionEnglishRomanticismEnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtobeginin1798withthepublicationofLyricalBallads

抒情歌谣集byWordsworthandColeridge,andendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.Owingtothedifferenceinpoliticalattitudes,theysplitintotwoschools:passiveoractiveromanticists:1.Passiveromanticists，bywayofprotestagainstcapitalistdevelopment，turnedtothefeudalpast,orturnedtonatureforprotection.Theyendeavorstobeautifylife,ortodistractpeoplefromthethingsaroundhimintohisinnerworld,intothoughts.TherepresentativesareWordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey.Theyhaveoftenbeenmentionedasthe“LakePoets〞.2.Activeromanticists:Theyexpressedtheaspirationsoftheclass(proletariat)andheldoutanideal,thoughavagueone,ofafuturesocietyfreefromoppressionandexploitation.Therepresentativesare:Byron,Shelley,andKeats.Theyarerevolutionaryromanticists.CharacteristicsofRomanticism

Anincreasedappreciationofthebeautyandpowerofnature.Acelebrationofemotionandthesenses(feeling,intuition).Anemphasisonimaginationasameanstoattainspiritualtruth.Glorificationofthecommonplace(ordinary)Aninterestinthepast,theunusual,theunfamiliar.Believeinindividualityandfreedom.RepresentativePoets

WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834GeorgeGordonByron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824PersyByssheShelley波西·比希·雪莱1792~1822JohnKeats约翰·济慈1795~1821WilliamWordsworth

华兹华斯

(1770—1850)IntroductionWilliamWordsworth(1770–1850)Englishpoet,OneofthegreatEnglishpoets,hewasaleaderoftheromanticmovementinEngland.ContentsLifestoryLakepoetsWordsworthPrinciplesofpoetryWordsworthshortpoemsStudyandappreciationofhispoetryAssessmentWordsworth’sLife

alawyer’sfamily

deathofparentsgrammarschoollakedistrictCambridge,vocationsummertourtoFranceAftergettinghisdegreeinCambridge1791,backtoFrancefinancialdifficulties1797,ColeridgeweakenedrevolutionaryspiritseclusioninLakeDistrictPoetLaureatediedin1850,attheageof80TheLakeDistrictLakePoetsWordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge柯尔律治Southey骚塞beginningasradicalsandclosingasconservativesLyricalBallads(1798)JointlypublishedbyWordsworthandS.T.ColeridgeThemajorityofpoemsinthiscollectionwerewrittenbyWordsworthColeridge’schiefcontributionwashismasterpieceTheRimeoftheAncientMariner.(古舟子咏)WordsworthPrinciplesofpoetryIntheprefaceof"LyricalBallads",hesetforthhisprinciplesofpeotry.1."Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings".2.Thetruefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplacethings.(humble,rusticlifeassubject-matter)3.Astolanguage,heendeavoredtobringhislanguageneartothereallanguageofman.deliberatesimplicity,refusaltodecorate.4.Headvocatsareturntonature.Hestartedthemodernpoetry,thepoetryofthegrowinginnerself.Wordsworthshortpoems1.PoemsaboutnatureAgreatpoetofnature."aworshipperofnature'.It'snaturethatgiveshimstrengthandknowledgefullofpeace.LakeDistrictLakeDistrictWordsworth’sbirthplace

inCockermouth,CumberlandGrasmereinLakeDistrictandDoveCottageDoveCottageOldResidenceofWilliamWordsworth

inRydalMountLinesWritteninEarlySpring“早春诗行〞TotheCuckoo“致布谷鸟〞

TheDaffodils“水仙花〞IWanderedLonelyasaCloud“我单独漫游像一朵浮云〞MyHeartLeapsUp“我的心剧烈地跳动〞IntimationsofImmortality“不朽颂〞LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey“丁登寺杂咏〞2.PoemsabouthumanlifeHethinksthatacommonlifeistheonlysubjectofliteraryinterest.Heisamasterhandinsearchingandrevealingthefeelingsofcommonpeople.Thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes.Hissympathyalwaysgoestothesufferingpoor.

pathetic(忧郁)picturesoftheworkingpeople“TheSolitaryReaper〞“孤独的收割者〞“WeAreSeven〞“我们是七个〞“TheRuinedCottage〞“SimonLee〞“TheOldCumberlandBeggar〞IWanderedLonelyasaCloud

(ToDaffodils)IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils:Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.Note:acrowd,/Ahost,of:alargenumberof.

ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOutdidthesparklingwavesinglee;Apoetcouldnotbutbegay;Insuchajocundcompany;Igazed-andgazed-butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought.Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.Notes:vacant:empty,thoughtless.

thatinwardeye/Whichistheblissofsolitude:thepoetthinksthatitisablisstorecollectthebeautyofnatureinhismindwhileheisinsolitude.

IWonderedLonelyasaCloudThefoursix-linestanzasofthispoemfollowaquatrain-coupletrhymescheme:ABABCC.Eachlineismeterediniambictetrameter.Question1Whatisyourgeneralimpressiononthispoem?Thepoetdepictshiswanderinganddiscoveryofafieldofdaffodilsbyalake,thememoryofwhichpleaseshimandcomfortshimwhenheislonely,bored,orrestless.Thepoemdisclosestherelationshipbetweennatureandhumanbeings:hownaturecanaffectone’semotionandbehaviorwithitsmotionandsound.Whatdoestheimageofcloudsuggesttoyou?Cloudrepresentsthefeelingsofthespeaker(thepoet)essentially.Itindicates:loneliness,isolation,solitude,aimlessness,aloofnessIwanderedlonelyasacloud---lonelinessThatfloatson---aimlessnessHighovervalesandhills---solitude,isolationQuestion3Whathascheeredthepoetup?Andhow?ahostofgoldendaffodils.fluttering,dancingandglitteringdaffodils;Shineandtwinkleasthestars;StretchedendlesslyThecloud-likepoetisdeeplyattractedbythebeautyofthenatureandturnstobehigh-spirited,insteadofbeinglonelyanymore.Question4Whathasthepoetmeditatedfromwhathehasdescribed?Andthetheme?Inlonelinessorinlowspirit,therecollectionofthenaturebeautybringshim“thebliss〞and“pleasure〞inhisheart.Thereforetheideaofgoingbacktonatureisadvocatedandclearlyexpressedinthispoem.Question5Payattentiontothetenseusedinthispoem.Whatdoesitindicate?pasttensetherecollectionofthepastexperiencewillarouseanewsenseoftheoldmemories“whatwealththeshowtomehadbrought〞“theblissofsolitude/flashuponthatinwardeye〞SummaryofthepoemWhatdoesthepoemimpressyoumost?UseofimageVividdescriptionofnatureDailylanguageShedweltamongtheuntroddenwaysBesidethespringsofDove,liveneverbesteppedonSheDweltamongtheUntroddenWaysAmaidwhomtherewerenonetopraiseAndveryfewtoloveAvioletbyamossytone

Halfhiddenfromtheeye!

---Fairasastar,whenonlyone

Isshininginthesky.Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknowWhenLucyceasedtobe;Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh,Thedifferencetome!diedQuestion1Whatarethethreestanzasabout?

Inmemoryofacountry-girlnamedLucyQuestion2What’ssignificanceofthegirltothespeaker“I〞?Howdoyouknow?Lucylivedunknownandfewtolove,butsheisimportantandherdeathisagreatshockto“me〞.“Aviolet,fairasastarshiningintheskyWhensheceasedtome,/thedifferencetome〞Question3Whataretheimagesofthesecondstanza?

usingtwodominantimages1)Violethalfhidden2)StarshiningintheskyQuestion4WhydoesthespeakercompareLucytoaviolet,notarose?TherosewillnotdotosupplyavagueenhancementtoLucy.Lucy’snaturalcharm,likethatoftheviolet,wasderivedfromhermodesty.She,too,was“half-hiddenfromtheeye〞,obscureandunnoticed.Question5Doyouthinktheimageofstariscontradictorytotheimageofviolet?nocontradictionViolet-Lucy:obscure,modesttotheworldStar-Lucy:brightandunmatchedtotheeyeofherlover:SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays

Metricalform:inalterationof4and3feetiambicmeter(iambictetrameterandiambictrimeter)rhymingababLucyPoems:AseriesofpoemsbyWordsworthwithouttitlesornotesonthesubjectofanunknownandperhapsimaginaryLucy.Thepoemsdiscussthethemesofloveandloss.Thepoemeulogiestheinnocenceandbeautyofandlamentsthedeathofagirl,whoisauniquebeauty,anartisticwor