Capgemini-技术愿景2024-推动未来

EXECUTIVECOMPANION

/PromptWhatwillsmarttechnologyinthefuturelooklike?

TECHNO

VISION2024/Promptthefuture

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TABLEOF

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

WHICHTECHNOLOGY(MEGA)TRENDSWILLSEE

INFLECTIONPOINTSIN2024?

GenerativeArtificialIntelligence–SmallWillBetheNewBig

QuantumTechnology–WhenCyberMeetsQuantum

Semiconductors–Moore’sLawIsn’tDead,ButItIsChanging

Batteries–ThePowerofNewChemistry

SpaceTech–AddressingtheEarth’sChallengesfromOuterSpace

Beyond2024–OtherTechnologiesShapingtheNext5Years

TECHNOVISION2024SUMMARIZED

TECHNOVISION2024:WHAT’SNEW?

FURTHERRESEARCH

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/PromptWhatwillsmarttechnologyinthefuturelooklike?

4TechnoVision2024:ExecutiveCompanion

INTRODUCTION

Thequote“Weshapeourtechnologiesandafterwardsourtechnologiesshapeus”

echoesWinstonChurchill’sfamouswordsduringthereconstructionoftheCommons

Chamberin1943,afteritsdestructionbyincendiarybombsintheBlitz.Churchill,

emphasizingthesignificanceoftheChamber’sadversarialrectangularpattern,believedthatitsshapewascrucialforBritain’stwo-partysystemandparliamentarydemocracy.

Similarly,wecouldarguethatweareinevitablyshapedbythetechnologieswecreate.Technology’sprimaryroleistoaugmentandenhancehumanabilities,a

traitdistinguishinghumansfrommostmammals.However,weoftenoverlookhow

technology,inturn,influencesourbehavior,organizations,andsociety.Acriticalquestionarises:Howwilltechnologyshapeourworldin2024andbeyond?

Forover15yearsnow,Capgemini’sTechnoVisionhasbeenexploringthisquestionbut

sofarithasmainlyfocusedonITTrends.ThisyearwedecidedtoaddacompaniontoourTechnoVisionfullreport,takingawiderviewoftechnologiesthataremovingtheworld.

Overall,ourintentisnottobuildfuturisticforecasts;weseeTechnoVisionasatooltofacilitatestrategicdialoguebetweentechnologistsandbusinessleaders,helpingtoidentifyprioritiesandopportunitiesforbusinessoperationsanddigitalsystemsdevelopment.

TechnoVisionaimstobetheguiding‘NorthStar’inthedualtransformationtowardsadigitalandsustainableeconomy.Thisjourneyinvolvesnumeroustechnologicalandbusinessdecisions,mademorecomplexbytheurgentneedforstrategicchoicesthatmightseemsimpleatfirstglancebutoftenhavefar-reachingimplications.

GenerativeAI,whichtooktheworldbystormin2023,isexpectedtocontinueshapingthefuture.Alongsidethis,severalotherkeytechnologymegatrendsarecriticalfor

decision-makersplanningforthefuture.Thisisthestartingpointofourdiscussion,leadingtothe37trendsoutlinedinTechnoVision2024.Together,thesetrendswillprovideinsightsforshapingthefutureanddeterminingthenecessary‘prompts’fororganizationsin2024toturntheirvisionsintoreality.

MICHIELBOREEL

ExecutiveVicePresidentand

GlobalChiefTechnologyOfficeratSogeti,partofCapgemini

PASCALBRIER

GroupChiefInnovationOfficer

andmemberoftheGlobal

ExecutiveCommittee

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WHICHTECHNOLOGY

(MEGA)TRENDSWILLSEE

INFLECTIONPOINTSIN2024?

Whenitcomestoshapingthefuture,alltechnologytrendsmightholdequalsignificance,asforecastingisoftenachallenging,ifnotanimpossibletask.However,certaintrendsemergeasmoreprominentdueto

theiranticipatedsubstantialimpactandtheexpectationofsignificantbreakthroughsinthenearfuture.

Wehavepinpointedfivesuchprominenttechnologymegatrendsthatshouldhaveinflectionpointsin2024:

GenerativeArtificialIntelligence–Smallwillbethenewbig

QuantumTechnology–WhencybermeetsQuantum

Semiconductors–Moore’sLawisn’tdead,butitischanging

Batteries–Thepowerofnewchemistry

SpaceTech–Addressingtheearth’schallengesfromouterspace

6TechnoVision2024:ExecutiveCompanion

GENERATIVEAI–SMALL

WILLBETHENEWBIG

In2024,willGenerativeAIliveuptothemassiveamountofhypeithasgenerated?Theshortanswerisyes.

GenerativeAIhasmadeacrashingentranceintheglobal

technologyandbusinessconversationinlate2022and2023,withexpectationsofsignificantbusinessimpact.

Butthispopularityalsohighlightedsomeofthedrawbacksofgeneral-purposeLargeLanguageModels(LLMs).Onenotableproblemhasbeenthetendencyofsomeofthesemodelsto

‘hallucinate’,inotherwords,tooccasionallyproduceoutputsthatareunexpected,irrelevant,nonsensical,ordisconnectedfromtheinputtheyreceived.In2023,thesolutionhasmostlybeentobuildbiggerandbiggermodels,withmoredata,moreparameters,andmorecomputingpowerbehindthem.But

thistrendisnotinfinitelysustainable,norisitsuitedforallusecases.

WhilecurrentLLMswillcontinuetothrive,thereisalso

anincreasingneedforsmaller,morecost-efficient,and

specializedmodels.Forexample,wewillseesector-specificmodelsforadvancedusecasesinmedicine,engineering,

education,andmanyothers.Wecanalsoanticipatedomain-specificmodels,tailoredforspecifictasks(likeadvanced

codingassistants).Thesemodelswillgetsmallerandsmallertorunonlow-footprintinstallationswithlimitedprocessingcapabilities,includingontheedgeorsmallerenterprise

architectures.

Inaddition,forusecaseswherefactualityandcorrectnessmatter,thecapabilitiesofLLMswillbeenhancedby

integratingstructuredknowledgefromknowledgegraphs.Thispromisingcombinationcanimprovetheaccuracy,

relevanceanddepthofinformationprovidedbyLLMs.In2024,wewillseemoreandmoreAIsystemsthatnotonlyhavea

deepunderstandingofnaturallanguagebutarealsoanchoredinstructured,factualknowledge,makingthemmorereliableandeffectiveforawiderangeofapplications.

Insupportofallthis,newplatformsareemerging,providingtoolsforcompaniestoleverageGenerativeAIwithoutthe

needfordeepinternaltechnicalexpertise.Thiswilllead,in

thelongrun,tothecreationofinterconnectednetworksofmodelsdesignedandfine-tunedforspecifictasks,andtothedevelopmentoftruemulti-agentgenerativeecosystems.

Whyitmatters:ThedevelopmentsinGenerativeAIare

indicatinganevolutiontowardsamoreaccessible,versatile,

andcost-effectivetechnology.Theinnovationsmentioned

beforewillenableorganizationstoscaletheirGenerativeAI

usecasesfasterwhilealsoderivingmorelong-termvaluefromthetechnology.

Things/projectstowatchfor:‘Smallbeingthenewbig’mayseemparadoxical,butit'ssettobecomeareality.ThequestisonforsmallerLLMsthatrequiresignificantlylessresourcestotrainandoperate,whilegeneratinglessfalseinformation(theso-calledhallucinations),propagatingfewersocial

stereotypes,andproducinglesstoxiclanguage.Themission:makeAImodelscomputeefficient,helpful,andtrustworthy.InnovationslikeStanford’sAlpaca,andEuropeanventures

suchasMistralAIandAlephAlpha,areleadingthismovementbutMicrosoftandGooglearealsoenteringthearenawith

OrcaandGeminiNano.

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QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGY–

WHENCYBERMEETS

QUANTUM

isstillmanyyearsaway.Nonetheless,2024willseevarious

claimsofanarrowquantumadvantageinspecializedtasks

withinlargerconventionalcomputationalworkflows.Boostedbyearlysuccesses,broaderquantumadvantageswillappearinthecomingyears.

Drivenbytheprospectofquantumadvantageinthenear

future,companies,startups,andresearchinstitutesareracingtofindthefirstreal-worldapplications.Keyareasinclude:

Entering2024,quantumcomputinghasdefinitively

lefttheeraoftheoreticalexplorationandentereda

‘utility-scale’quantumcomputationage.Asdefined

byIBM,‘utility-scale’quantumcomputersprovide

computingcapabilitiesbeyondthereachofclassical

computationsandopenadoortoaquantum

advantageinreal-worldcommercialquantum

applications.Assignificantchallengesinqubitquality

remain,alarge-scale,broadquantumadvantage

8TechnoVision2024:ExecutiveCompanion

•CondensedMatterPhysics:Understandingthebehaviorofcomplexmaterialsataquantumlevelcanrevolutionizematerialscienceandengineering.

•QuantumChemistry:SolvingtheSchrödingerequationforlargermolecules,whichclassicalcomputersstrugglewith,canleadtodrugdiscoveryandmaterialsbreakthroughs.

•ComputationalFluidDynamics:Addressingthechallengesinsimulatingfluidflow,essentialforaerodynamicsandclimatemodelling.

•PartialDifferentialEquations:Theseequationsarefundamentalinexpressingphysicalphenomenaand

solvingthemmoreefficientlywillprovidevalueinfieldslikefinanceandengineering.

•LogisticsandOperationsResearch:Optimizingsupplychainsandlogisticscanbenefitfromquantumcomputingbyfindingsolutionstocomplexoptimizationproblems

morequickly.

•SamplingandMonteCarloMethods:Usedinstatisticalphysicsandfinance,thesemethodscanbequadraticallyfasteronaquantumcomputer,providingmoreaccuratemodelsandforecasts.

Additionally,asquantumcomputersaresupposedtobreakcommonlyusedpublic-keycryptosystems(suchasRSA

andECC)oneday,alarge-scalemigrationtoquantum-

safetechnologyisabouttostart.Drivenbytechnological

improvementsandregulatorypressure,2024promisestobeapivotalyearforquantum-safesolutions.

Alreadyin2017,theNationalInstituteofStandardsand

Technology(NIST)initiatedapublicprocesstoselect

quantum-resistantpublic-keycryptographicalgorithmsfor

standardization.Theyrealizedthatpublic-keyinfrastructuresarecrucialtodigitaltrust,protectingeverythingfromweb

connectionsandemailtodigitallysigneddocumentsand

code.Thealgorithmsforasymmetriccryptographyinplace

todayrelyonmathematicallychallengingproblems,such

asfactoringverylargenumbers,whicharecomputationally

difficultforcurrentcomputers.Traditionalcomputerswouldtakeyearstobreakthesealgorithms.Asufficientlypowerfulquantumcomputercouldsolvethesehardmathproblems

inamatterofminutesbyleveragingitsabilitytoprocess

multiplesimultaneousstates.NIST’sgoalistoestablisha

newstandardbasedonevenhardermathproblems(e.g.

latticecryptography)thataredifficultforbothtraditionalandquantumcomputers.Tobeclear,quantum-safealgorithms

donotrequireaquantumcomputerthemselves;theyprotectagainstanattackleveragingaquantumcomputerwhentheybecomepowerfulenough.

Inlate2022,theUSGovernmentenactedthe‘Quantum

ComputingCybersecurityPreparednessAct,’which

promisestocatalyzeaseismicshiftacrossindustries.This

groundbreakinglawmandatesthatallprivateentities

conductingbusinesswiththeUSgovernmentmustmigratetoPQCwithinayearaftertheNISTstandardsarefinallyreleased.ThisshouldaffectPQCstandardsglobally.

Thereleaseofthefinalstandard,combinedwiththenew

regulationshouldintensifytherushtowardsaquantum-

safefuturein2024.Organizationseverywhereneedto

takeimmediatestepstowardupdatingtheircryptographic

systemsandsoftwaretothenewquantum-safealgorithms

becauseaveragemigrationwilltakesignificanttime.Althoughquantumcomputerscapableofbreakingtoday’sencryptiondonotexistyet,theriskofbadactorscollectingencrypted

datatodaywiththeintentionofdecryptingitlater(harvestnow–decryptlater),isveryreal.

Astherushforquantumpreparednessintensifies,starting

aroundmid-2024,industriesrangingfromfinanceto

healthcarewilllikelyinvestheavilyinupgradingtheir

cybersecurityinfrastructures.

Whyitmatters:ThisemergingshifttoPostQuantum

Cryptographypromisestoupendtheverybasisof

cybersecuritystandardsglobally.Allbusinessleadersand

technologyexpertswillbeaffectedbythisapproaching

milestone,whilemoreandmoreorganizationsbegintheir

quantumtransition.

Things/projectstowatchfor:Althoughenterprisescale

quantumcomputingisprobablystillmanyyearsaway,

promisingprogressisbeingmadeinseveralareas.Google

andIBMbelievecommercialquantumsystems,applyingerrormitigationtechniques,areonlyafewyearsaway.Bothtech

giantshavealsoreleasedpublicroadmapsreachingonemillionqubits,by2029forGoogleand2030forIBM.Inthemeantime,hybridclassicaland‘noisy’quantumcomputing(NISQ–NoisyIntermediate-ScaleQuantum)willdeliverthefirstpracticaluseinspecificproblemareas,whilewewaitforlarge-scalefault-

tolerantquantumcomputerstobeavailable.

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SEMICONDUCTORS

–MOORE’SLAW

ISN’TDEAD,BUTITIS

CHANGING

Thesemiconductorindustrystandsonthebrinkofa

revolutionaryshiftin2024,influencedbyvariousfactorsthatarecollectivelytransformingitsdynamics.

Throughout2023,therehasbeenanintensediscussionamongexpertsaboutthefutureofMoore'sLaw,whichpositsthatthenumberoftransistorsonanintegrated

circuitdoublesapproximatelyeverytwoyears,therebyenhancingthecomputingpowerofamicrochip.Aschiptechnologyapproachesthe2-nanometer(0,0000001

cm)scale,withthecostsofmanufacturingexpandingatanexponentialrate,questionsariseaboutthefeasibilityofcontinuingthistrend,especiallyconsideringthe

impendingphysicalconstraintsatthe1-nanometerscale.

However,2024ispoisedtodemonstratethat

Moore'sLawisnotobsoletebutratherundergoinga

metamorphosis.We'relikelytowitnessshiftsinapproach,suchastheadoptionofverticalstackinginmulti-layer

structures,explorationofnon-siliconmaterials,andnewlithographytechniques.Inessence,wecanlabelthis

technologicalshiftasgoingfor'morethanMoore’,i.e.,aimingtosustainthegrowthincomputingpower,evenastraditionalmethodsofchipminiaturizationapproachtheirphysicallimits.

Simultaneously,thesemiconductorecosystemisset

toundergoreconfiguration.Thiswillencompassthe

establishmentofnewgigafactories,theadaptationto

localregulations,theexpansionoffabricationcapacities,

theintroductionofnovelbusinessmodels,andenhanced

foundryservices.Semiconductorcompaniesare

expectedtointensifytheirfocusoncateringtoindustry-

specificdemandsbyproducingchipsthatsignificantly

enhancecustomerexperiences,markinganewerain

semiconductortechnology.

Whyitmatters:Anaccelerateddigitaltransformation

isexpectedacrossindustries,enabledbymorepowerful

connectedobjects,fromsmartphonestoelectricvehicles

todatacentersandtelecoms.Thesetechnological

breakthroughswillbereflectedinshiftsintheecosystem

ofsemiconductorsitself,withnewgigafactories,

regulations,businessmodels,andfoundryservices

emergingin2024.

Things/projectstowatchfor:Crammingmore

componentsontointegratedcircuitswillcometoanend

becauseweareapproachingtheboundariesofphysics.

Despitethisinsurmountableasymptoticpeakofphysics,

chipdesignisnowcontemplatinga1.xnanometerscale.

However,energyandheatchallengesposesignificant

challenges.Inaddition,thecostoffabricationofsuch

chipsgrowsaggressively.Oneapproachtoimproving

performanceandlowerenergyuseistoaddAIintothe

chip(IBMZSystems)toreducethemovementofdata

tothecomputeandbackandhaveitavailableinthe

processorchipanditscaches.

OthersuseAItooptimizethepowerconsumption

leveragingperiodsoflesseractivitywherenotevery

computeresourceisbeingusedtoitsfullest.Another

waytoleverageAIistoassistthesoftwareengineer

understandthetradeoffbetweentheperformanceof

thesystemandtheprecisionofthenumbers.Ifthey

needmorebandwidth,theycanreducetheprecision,

trainingspecificallyforreducedprecision,effectively

exchangingahardwareproblemforasoftwareproblem.

Otherapproachesincludeaddingmorenodesorusing

heterogeneousarchitectureslikehandingofftasksto

specializedco-processorslikeGPUs,TPUs,andXPUs

exemplifiedbyNvidia’sHopper+Gracesolution,Intel’s

SaphireRapids,andFalconShoreplatforms.

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BATTERIES–THEPOWEROF

CHEMISTRY

Improvingtheperformanceandreducingthecostsofbatteriesisamajorfocusforbothbusinessesand

governments,astheindustrialstakesarehighforeachnation.Theaimistosupportelectricmobilityandacceleratelong-

durationenergystorage,whichiscriticaltospeedupthe

energytransitiontorenewablesandtheaccelerationofsmartgrids.Therearefivekeyperformancecharacteristicsofbatterytechnologyevolution:

1.EnergyDensity:Energydensityinbatteriesismeasuredintwoways:volumetric(Wh/L)andgravimetric(Wh/kg),indicatingtheenergystoredperunitvolumeormass.Thisiscrucialforelectricvehicles(EV)andstationaryenergy

storage,wherebatterysizeandweightmatter.

2.PowerDensity:Powerdensityreferstotheenergya

batterycanreleaseineachcapacity,withspecificpowerdenotingenergyperunitmass.Thechargingrate(C-rate)describesthepowerneededtochargeabattery,and

dischargepowerindicatestheenergyoutputatany

moment.

3.Lifespan:Thelifespanofabatterydecreaseswitheach

charge-dischargecycle,affectingitslongevityandsuitabilityforitsoriginalpurpose.Eventually,batteriesshouldbe

repurposedorrecycled.

4.Costs:Costisasignificantfactor,oftencalculatedperkWh.ForEVs,achievingcostparitywithinternalcombustion

enginevehiclesiskey,asthebatterypackisthemost

expensivecomponent.

5.Safety:Safetyconcernsariseduetotheflammableliquidelectrolyteandthermalenergyreleasefromthecathodematerialafterseveralcycles.Thesesafetyissuescould

hinderthebroaderadoptionofEVsandbattery-based

energystoragesolutions.

12TechnoVision2024:ExecutiveCompanion

WhileLFP(lithiumferro-phosphate)andNMC(nickel

manganesecobalt)arebecomingstandardforelectricvehicleapplications,severaltechnologiesconcerningthechemistryofbatteriesarebeingexplored,suchascobalt-free(sodium-ion)andsolid-statebatteries,withalikelyaccelerationin2024.Theprimarydriverforthemarketofsodium-ionbatteriesisthe

increaseddemandforenergystoragegeneratedthroughsolarandwind.MarketleadersinthisindustryareFaradionLimited(UK),NGKInsulatorsLtd(Japan),Tiamat(France),HiNaBatteryTechnologyCo.Ltd(China),andContemporaryAmperex

TechnologyCo.Limited(China).

Thedevelopmentofsolid-statebatteriesrepresentsamajorshiftinbatterytechnology,primarilyforelectricvehicles,astheyhavehigherenergydensities(i.e.storagecapacity),forapricewhichwillbecomelowerthantraditionalbatteries.Theyalsoreducedependencyonmaterialssuchaslithium,nickel,cobalt,rare-earthminerals,andgraphite,whilepromising

longerlifespansandmorerobustsafety.QuantumScape

(USA),Toyota(Japan),SolidPower(USA),Samsung(South-

Korea),andLGChem(South-Korea)areamongtheleadersinthisrapidlyevolvingfield.

Whyitmatters:Inabusinessworlddrivenbytheenergy

transition,thefightagainstclimatechange,andorganizationsintransitiontoasustainableeconomy,theseemerging

developmentsmayofferapathwaytowardsbettertradeoffsforthebatteryindustryandmoresustainableuseofmaterials.

Things/projectstowatchfor:Whenlookingatthis

technologymegatrend,twocategoriesofplayersneedtobedistinguished:theunicornsandthestartups.Amongstthe

unicorns,well-establishedcompaniescanberecognizedsuchasTesla(USA),acceleratingthetransitiontoEVsandenergy

storage,Northvolt(Sweden),manufacturingLi-ionforEVs,

Verkor(France),manufacturinglow-carbonbatteriesforEVs,QuantumScape(USA),developssolid-statebatterytechnologytoincreasetherangeofEV’s,Freyr(Norway),manufacturingsemisolidLi-ionbatteriesforenergystorageandEVs,Sila

(USA),providerofnano-compositesiliconanodethatpowersbreakthroughenergydensityinEVbatteries,andSESAI(USA),manufacturingofscalable,dense,smartandlightLi-Metal

batteriesforelectrictransportationonlandandinair.

Sincebatterytechnologyexhibitsgenuinequantum

mechanicalandquantumchemicalbehavior,itisaverynaturalareatoapplyquantumcomputing.Severalgovernment-

fundedandpromisingprojectsareongoing,andalarge

amountofstartupactivitycanbewitnessed—e.g.IonQ(USA),psiQuantum(USA),Phasecraft(UK).

SPACETECH–ADDRESSINGTHEEARTH’SCHALLENGES

FROMOUTERSPACE

In2024,humanitywillbepreparingtoreturntothemoon.

TheNASAArtemisIIMission,scheduledforaNovember2024launch,willsendastronautsintolunarorbitforthefirsttimesincethe1972Apollo17mission.Thislandmarkeventisa

symbolofabroaderindustrytrendthatcanbedescribedasanewSpaceAge.

Thisrenewedinterestinspacetechnologiesisdrivenbytwomajorshiftsintheindustry.Firstly,andcontrarytotheSpaceRaceofthe'60sand'70s,itisdrivennotjustbygovernmentagencies,butalsobyamultitudeofprivateactors,from

startupstocorporations.Secondly,asidefromthemajor

scientificmissionsheadedtotheMoonorMars,thisrace

ismostlyheadedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO),inthepursuit

ofcheaperusecasesandmoreperformance.Allinall,the

year2024issettousherinanarrayofexcitingtechnologicalprojectsinmanydomains:

.Inthefieldofspacecommunicationsandnetworks,wecanseeasurgeofexcitingprojectssuchasthedevelopment

oflasercommunicationsystems,hybridgroundandspacenetworks,orevenseamless5Gconnectivityfromspace.

.InEarthObservation,wecanlookforwardtofascinatingprojectstoadvanceourunderstandingoftheplanetanditschangingenvironment.Inparticular,theincreasing

integrationofAIinEarthObservationisoffering

moreefficientdataprocessing,enhancedanalytical

capabilities,andthepotentialfornewinsightsintoEarth'senvironmentalandclimate-relatedchallenges.

.Simultaneously,theInternetofThingsisexpandinginto

anentirelynewdimensionwiththedevelopmentof

satelliteconstellations.CubeSats,ChipSats,andother

nanosatellitesarebeinglaunchedintheirthousands,

eachonboardingitsownarrayofminiaturesensorsand

communicationsequipment.Anexponentiallygrowing

volumeofdataisbeingcollectedandsharedforavarietyofpurposes,includinggatheringdataonweatherpatternsandwildlifemigrations.

.Therearealsoseveralexcitingprojectsattheintersectionofcyberandspace,eveninthefieldofquantum

cryptography.Cybersecurityinspacehasbecomeacrucialfrontier,especiallyastherelianceonspace-basedassetsforbothmilitaryandcivilianpurposesincreases.There'sanincreasingemphasisonimprovingcybersecurityfor

space-boundequipment,withstrategieslikeZeroTrust

architectures,andevenresearchintoQuantumKey

Distribution(QKD).

.Finally,thisnewspaceageisdrivenbyacomplete

‘sustainablebydesign’philosophy.Thisapproach

emphasizestheimportanceofsustainabilityfromthe

outsetbyemphasizingthedevelopmentofspacecraftandsatellitesthatarenotonlymoreefficientbutalsoreducespacedebris.

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Alloftheseinnovationssignifythedawnofanewepoch

inspaceexploration,fueledbyrapidtechnological

advancementsandarekindledinterestfromthepublic.Thisrenewedinterestinspacetechnologiesaimstodrivescientificdiscoveriesandhelpsolvetheearth’smostcriticalchallenges,includingthemonitoringofclimaterisksanddisasters,

betteraccesstotelecommunications,aswellasdefenseandsovereignty.

Whyitmatters:ThelastSpaceRacerevolutionizedtheworldbyacceleratinggroundbreakinginnovationslikesatellite

technology,GPS,integratedcircuits,solarenergy,and

compositematerials.Thisreturntothestarspromisessimilarrevolutionsinthefieldsofcomputing,telecommunications,andEarthObservation.

Things/Projectstowatchfor:In2024,theSpaceTechsectorisbrimmingwithinnovativestartups,eachcontributinguniqueadvancementstotheindustry.Someplayerstokeepaneyeoninclude:

1.Blackshark(Austria):Identifyinganyobjectontheearth’ssurfacefromspace.

2.GalaxEye(India):Providingall-weathermultisensoryimagingsatellites.

3.Helios(Israel):Extractingoxygenfrommoondust.

4.OrbitFab(USA):Fuellingstationsforspacecraft.

5.TrueAnomaly(USA):Specializinginautonomousorbitalvehicles.

6.SpinLaunch(USA):Catapultingrocketsintospace.

7.GATESpace(Austria):Offeringbolt-onpropulsionanddeepthrottlingengines.

8.KeplarCommunications(USA):Theinternetofspace.

9.PlanetLabs(USA):HighFrequencygeospatialdatathatdrivesinnovation.

10.Ohmspace(UK):Innovatingwithlow-pressurewaterpropellants.

11.Firefly(USA):End-to-endspacetransportationcompany.

12.RevolvSpace(Netherlands):Advancingsolararrayrotaryactuators.

13.AbyomSpaceTech(India):Developingre-ignitable

cryogenicrocketengines.

14.ClearSpace(Switzerland):Removingspacedebris.

15.Vyoma(Germany):Addressingcollisionavoidance.

16.Ion-X(France):Innovatinginelectricpropulsionsystems.

17.Quasar(Australia):DevelopingPhasedarrayground

stations.

18.Astrix(NewZealand):Focusedoninflatablesolararrays.

19.Astranis(USA):Buildingsmall,lowcostinternet

connectivitysatellites.

20.BlueOrigin(USA):Pioneeringreusablerockettechnology.

Thesecompaniesareattheforefrontoftransformingspacetechnology,pushingboundariesintheirrespectivedomains.

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BEYOND2024–OTHER

TECHNOLOGIESSHAPING

THENEXT5YEARS

1.Low-carbonhydrogen:Towardsacrediblealternativetofossilfuels

Hydrogenhaslongbeentoutedasacleanfuelalternativebecauseitproducesonlywaterwhenburned.However,traditionalhydrogenproductionisenergy-intensiveandoftenreliesonfossilfuels.Thetrendtowardlow-carbonhydrogenseekstochangethisbyusingrenewable

ornuclearenergytopowertheelectrolysisofwater,

splittingitintohydrogenandoxygenwithzerocarbon

3.Syntheticbiology:Harnessingthepowerofnature

TheCOVID-19pandemicunderscoredtheimportanceof

syntheticbiologytoprotectpublic