美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森课件

EmilyDickinson

(1830–1886)TheBelle/Nun

ofAmherst1精选完整ppt课件Dickinsonquotes“Hopeisthethingwithfeathers,thatperchesinthesoul,andsingsthetunewithoutwords,andneverstopsatall.”“IfIcanstoponeheartfrombreaking,Ishallnotliveinvain.”“Dogsarebetterthanhumanbeings,becausetheyknowbutdonottell.”“Foreveriscomposedofnows.”“Successiscountedsweetest,bythosewhone'ersucceed.”“WemeetnoStranger,butOurself”2精选完整ppt课件 Thisismylettertotheworld,

Thatneverwrotetome,--

ThesimplenewsthatNaturetold,

Withtendermajesty.

Hermessageiscommitted

TohandsIcannotsee;

Forloveofher,sweetcountrymen,

Judgetenderlyofme!这是我写给世界的信

因为它从来不曾写给我

自然带来简单的讯息

既温柔又崇高的存在

她的讯息是写给那双

我看不见的手

为了对她的爱,亲爱的同胞

请温柔地把我评判3精选完整ppt课件“IfIreadabook[and]itmakesmywholebodysocoldnofireevercanwarmmeIknowthatispoetry.IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff,Iknowthatispoetry.”---EmilyDickinson4精选完整ppt课件LifestoryBornintoaCalvinistfamilyDecember10,1830inAmherst,MA.EducatedatAmherstAcademyfor7years.At17,begancollegeatMountHolyokeFemaleSeminary;shebecameillthespringofherfirstyearanddidnotreturn.Shewouldleavehomeonlyforshorttripsfortheremainderofherlife,leadingscholarstospeculateshemayhavebeenagoraphobic(旷野恐惧症).5精选完整ppt课件Until1855,DickinsonhadnotstrayedfarfromAmherst.Thatspring,accompaniedbyhermotherandsister,shetookoneofherlongestandfarthesttripsawayfromhome.First,theyspentthreeweeksinWashington,whereherfatherwasrepresentingMassachusettsinCongress.ThentheywenttoPhiladelphiafortwoweekstovisitfamily.6精选完整ppt课件Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.7精选完整ppt课件WeirdRecluse?

Shewouldsometimessendherpoemstopeopleasgiftsforvalentinesorbirthdays,alongwithapieorcookies.Sheoftenloweredsnacksandtreatsinbasketstoneighborhoodchildrenfromherwindow,carefulnevertoletthemseeherface.Dickinsonwantedtolivesimplyasacompleteindependentbeing,andasaspinster.8精选完整ppt课件Dickinson'spoetrywritingbeganintheearly1850s.Altogethershewrote1,775poems,ofwhichonlysevenhadappearedduringherlifetime.Mostofherpoemswerepublishedafterherdeath.Herfamekeptrising.SheisnowrecognizednotonlyasagreatpoetessonherownrightbutasapoetessofconsiderableinfluenceuponAmericanpoetryofthe20thcentury.9精选完整ppt课件Dickinson’sLegacyDickinsondiedMay15,1886ofnephritis(kidneydisease).AlongwithWaltWhitman,DickinsonisoneofthetwogiantsofAmericanpoetryofthe19thcentury.EmilyDickinson'stombstoneinthefamilyplot10精选完整ppt课件Sheis,inasense,alinkbetweenhereraandtheliterarysensitivitiesoftheturnofthecentury.Shenevermarried,andsheledanunconventionallifethatwasoutwardlyuneventfulbutwasfullofinnerintensity.Shelovednatureandfounddeepinspirationinthebirds,animals,plants,andchangingseasonsoftheNewEnglandcountryside.Wefindnomentionofthewaroranyothergreatnationaleventinherpoetry.Ofallthegreatwritersofthe19thcentury,shehadtheleastinfluenceonhertimes.Yet,becauseshewascutofffromtheoutsideworld,shewasabletocreateaverypersonalandpurekindofpoetry.Sinceherdeath,herreputationhasgrownenormouslyandherpoetryisnowseenasverymodernforitstime.11精选完整ppt课件Dickinson’sPublishingCareerSentpoemstoThomasWentworthHigginson,aliterarycriticandfamilyfriend.AlthoughHigginsonwasastoundedbyDickinson'soriginalityandencouragedherliteraryaspirations,headvisedhernottopublish.Dickinson'sdecidedtofollowtheadvise."Iffamebelongedtome,"shetoldHigginson,"Icouldnotescapeher;ifshedidnot,thelongestdaywouldpassmeonthechase.…Mybarefootrankisbetter."Thetwentiethcenturyliftedherwithoutdoubttothefirstrankamongpoets.Atthetimeofherdeath,onlysevenofherpoemshadbeenpublished.12精选完整ppt课件Beforeherdeath,sheaskedhersistertoburnallherpoems.Afterherdeath,herpoemswereheavilyeditedandpublishedbyHigginsonandfriendMabelLoomisTodd.In1955,ThomasH.Johnsonfinallypublishedacollectionofherpoemsthathadnotbeen“corrected.”Thesearetheversionswereadtoday.13精选完整ppt课件What’stheDifference?BECAUSEIcouldnotstopforDeath,Hekindlystoppedforme;ThecarriageheldbutjustourselvesAndImmortality.Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste,AndIhadputawayMylabor,andmyleisuretoo,Forhiscivility.Wepassedtheschoolwherechildrenplayed,Theirlessonsscarcelydone;Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain,Wepassedthesettingsun.BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath—

Hekindlystoppedforme—

Thecarriageheldbutjustourselves—

AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove—Heknewnohaste,

AndIhadputaway

Mylaborandmyleisuretoo,

Forhiscivility—Wepassedtheschool,wherechildrenstrove

Atrecess—inthering—

Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain—

Wepassedthesettingsun—Anexcerptofpoem712,or“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”,called“TheChariot”byHigginsonandTodd.Ontheleftistheeditedversion;ontheright,theoriginal.Notethemajorchangesinlines9and10.14精选完整ppt课件Dickinson'sreligiouspoemsShewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.Whileshedesiredsalvationandimmortality,shedeniedtheorthodox(正统的)viewofparadise.AlthoughshebelievedinGod,shesometimesdoubtedHisbenevolence.15精选完整ppt课件248Why—dotheyshutMeoutofHeaven?DidIsing—tooloud?But—Icansayalittle"Minor"TimidasaBird!Wouldn'ttheAngelstryme—Just—once—more—Just—see—ifItroubledthem—Butdon't—shutthedoor!Oh,ifI—weretheGentlemanInthe"WhiteRobe"—Andthey—werethelittleHand—thatknocked—Could—I—forbid?16精选完整ppt课件Herpoemsconcerning

deathandimmortalityThesepoemsarecloselyrelatedtoherreligiouspoetry,rangingoverthephysicalaswellasthepsychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeath.Sheshowedherambiguousattitudetowardsdeathandimmortality.Shelookedatdeathfromthepointofviewofboththelivingandthedying.Sheevenimaginedherowndeath,thelossofherownbody,andthejourneyofhersoultotheunknown.17精选完整ppt课件HerlovepoemsLoveisanothersubjectDickinsondwelton.Onegroupofherlovepoemstreatsthesufferingandfrustrationlovecancause.Thesepoemsareclearlythereflectionofherownunhappyexperience,closelyrelatedtoherdeepestandmostprivatefeelings.Manyofthemarestrikingandoriginaldepictionsofthelongingforsharedmoments,thepainofseparation,andthefutilityoffindinghappiness.18精选完整ppt课件HerLovePoemsTheothergroupoflovepoemsfocusesonthephysicalaspectofdesire,inwhichDickinsondealtwith,allegorically,theinfluenceofthemaleauthoritiesoverthefemale,emphasizingthepowerofphysicalattractionandexpressingamixtureoffearandfascinationforthemysteriousmagnetismbetweensexes.However,itisthosepoemsdealingwithmarriagethathavearousedcriticalattentionfirstandshowedDickinson'sconfusionanddoubtabouttheroleofwomeninthe19thcenturyAmerica.19精选完整ppt课件IHIDEmyselfwithinmyflowerIHIDEmyselfwithinmyflower,Thatwearingonyourbreast,You,unsuspecting,wearmetoo—Andangelsknowtherest.

Ihidemyselfwithinmyflower,That,fadingfromyourvase,You,unsuspecting,feelformeAlmostalonelinessAlovepoem20精选完整ppt课件249WildNights—WildNights!WereIwiththeeWildNightsshouldbeOurluxury!Futile—theWinds—ToaHeartinport—DonewiththeCompass—DonewiththeChart!RowinginEden—Ah,theSea!MightIbutmoor—Tonight—InThee!21精选完整ppt课件HernaturepoemsMorethan500ofherpoemsareaboutnature,inwhichhergeneralskepticismabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswell-expressed.Ontheonehand,shesharedwithherromanticandtranscendentalpredecessorswhobelievedthatamythicalbondbetweenmanandnatureexisted,thatnaturerevealedtomanthingsaboutmankindanduniverse.Ontheotherhand,shefeltstronglyaboutnature’sinscrutability(神秘莫测)andindifferencetothelifeandinterestsofhumanbeings.22精选完整ppt课件HernaturepoemsDickinsonmanagedtowriteaboutnatureintheaffirmationofthesheerjoyandtheappreciation,unaffectedbyphilosophicalspeculations.Heracuteobservations,herconcernforprecisedetailsandherinterestinnaturearepervasive,fromsketchesofflowers,insects,birds,tothesunset,thefullydetailedsummerstorms,thechangeofseasons;fromkeenperceptiontowittyanalysis.23精选完整ppt课件TWObutterflieswentoutatnoonAndwaltzedaboveastream,ThensteppedstraightthroughthefirmamentAndrestedonabeam;

AndthentogetherboreawayUponashiningsea,—Thoughneveryet,inanyport,Theircomingmentionedbe.

Ifspokenbythedistantbird,IfmetinetherseaByfrigateorbymerchantman,Reportwasnottome.24精选完整ppt课件ABirdcamedowntheWalk—HedidnotknowIsaw—HebitanAngleworminhalvesAndatethefellow,raw.AndthenhedrankaDewFromaconvenientGrass—AndthenhoppedsidewisetotheWallToletaBeetlepass—HeglancedwithrapideyesThathurriedallaround—TheylookedlikefrightenedBeads,Ithought—HestirredhisVelvetHeadLikeoneindanger,Cautious,IofferedhimaCrumbAndheunrolledhisfeathersAndrowedhimsofterhome—ThanOarsdividetheOcean,Toosilverforaseam—OrButterflies,offBanksofNoonLeap,plashlessastheyswim.25精选完整ppt课件ThemesDickinson'spoemsareusuallybasedonherownexperiences,hersorrowsandjoys.ButwithinherlittlelyricsDickinsonaddressesthoseissuesthatconcernthewholehumanbeings,whichincludereligion,death,immortality,love,andnature.26精选完整ppt课件ArtisticfeaturesHerpoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.Herpoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstlines.Inherpoetrythereisaparticularstresspattern,inwhichdashesareusedasamusicaldevicetocreatecadence(韵律)andcapitallettersasameansofemphasis.Mostofherpoemsborrowtherepeatedfour-line,rhymedstanzasoftraditionalChristianhymns（圣歌）,withtwolinesoffour-beatmeteralternatingwithtwolinesofthree-beatmeter.Amasterofimagerythatmakesthespiritualmaterializeinsurprisingways.27精选完整ppt课件ArtisticfeaturesSimpleform:Sheusedimperfectrhymes,subtlebreaksofrhythm,andidiosyncratic（特殊癖好的）syntaxandpunctuationtocreatefascinatingwordpuzzles,whichhaveproducedgreatlydivergentinterpretationsovertheyears.Dickinson’sirregularorsometimesinvertedsentencestructureconfusesreaders.Herpoeticidiomisnotedforitslaconic（用字简洁的）

brevity,directnessandplainness.Herpoemsareusuallyshort,rarelymorethantwentylines,andmanyofthemarecenteredonasingleimageorsymbolandfocusedononesubjectmatter.Remarkableforitsvariety,subtletyandrichness.28精选完整ppt课件I’mNobody29精选完整ppt课件I’mNobody!I'mNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thenthere'sapairofus!Don'ttell!they'dbanishus-youknow!我是无名之辈，你是谁？你,也是,无名之辈？这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！你知道，他们会大肆张扬！30精选完整ppt课件I’mNobody!Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做个，显要人物，好不无聊！像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——在整个六月，把个人的姓名聒噪——何等招摇！（江枫译）31精选完整ppt课件1.Whoarethe“they”inline4?The“admiringbog”inline8?

2.Doyouprefersolitudetopubliclife?Giveyourreasons.

Questions32精选完整ppt课件Metaphor/SimileMetaphor:Acomparison.Example:“Afrogisacelebrity.”Simile:Acomparisonusinglikeoras.Example:

“Howpublic—likeafrog…”33精选完整ppt课件

我是无名之辈，

我是无名之辈，你是谁？

你也是无名之辈？

那么，咱俩是一对——且莫声张！

你懂嘛，他们容不得咱俩。

做个名人多无聊！

象青蛙——到处招摇——

向一洼仰慕的泥塘

把自己的大名整天宣扬！）

（汪义群译孙梁校；《英美名诗一百首》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987）

Translation34精选完整ppt课件There’saCertainSlantofLight35精选完整ppt课件There'sacertainslantoflight,Onwinterafternoons,

Thatoppresses,liketheweight

Ofcathedraltunes.

某个阳光斜射的时刻

在冬日的下午——

让人抑郁，像沉重的

教堂的旋律——36精选完整ppt课件Inthefirststanza,thespeakerclaimsthatonwinterafternoons,thelightthatshinesthroughherwindowhasa“certainSlant”toitthat“oppresses,liketheHeft/OfCathedralTunes.”Somethingasweightlessas“light”feelsheavytothespeaker.Theweightof“CatheralTunes”wouldbequiteprofound,soundbeingheavierthanlight,buttothespeakerthat“certainSlant”causesthelighttobeasheavyasthatheavysoundcomingfromthegiganticorgansthatdeliverchurchmusic.Becausechurchmusicismeanttobeuplifting,thespeaker’swordsbecomeparadoxical:howcananinspirationallyupliftinghymnbeoppressive?37精选完整ppt课件Heavenlyhurtitgivesus;

Wecanfindnoscar,

Butinternaldifference

Wherethemeaningsare.玄妙地伤害我们——

没有任何伤口和血迹

却在意义隐居的深处

留下记忆——38精选完整ppt课件SecondStanza:“HeavenlyHurt,itgivesus”Theprofundityofthe“CathedralTunes”causesthespeakertoexperiencea“HeavenlyHurt.”Sheconfirms,however,thatthe“hurt”leavesnoscar,becauseitisinside;itisthesoulthatisaffectedbytheoppressionor“HeavenlyHurt.”Thespeakersaysthatthepainisontheinside“Wherethemeaningsare.”“Meaning”isveryimportanttoallhumanbeings,whethertheyareyetawareofthatfactornot.Thespeakeriskeenlyawareofthesoul’ssensitivitiestothe“meanings”ofphysicalthingsandevents,andsheisawarethattheyareinternal—notexternal.39精选完整ppt课件Nonemayteachitanything,

'Tistheseal,despair,-

Animperialaffliction

Sentusoftheair.没有人能够传达——任何人——

它是绝望的印章——

不可抗拒的折磨

来自虚空——40精选完整ppt课件ThirdStanza:“Nonemayteachit—Any”Thespeakerdeclaresthatnoonecanteachanotherhowtobecomeawareofthemysticalattributesoftheyearningformeaning.While“Despair”leadsoneinthatdirection,andthedesireisuniversal,itcomestoeachoneassimplyasbreath