项目管理PMP知识体系讲解5-Scope

ScopeManagementChapter5PMPPreparationTrainingSource:pmbokguide2000EditionWhyScopeManagementSoImportant?StoryA:

RFQSOW/QuotationScopeVerificationAdditionalWorkSource:pmbokguide2000EditionStoryBWorkPackage2WorkPackage1WorkPackage1-1?Source:pmbokguide2000EditionConclusionFirstMoney,thenhoney.ControlScopecreep!Chinesecustomeralwaysthinkserviceisfree!!Source:pmbokguide2000EditionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeManagement5.1Initiation5.3ScopeDefinition5.4ScopeVerification5.2ScopePlanning5.5ScopeChangeControlInitiationPlanningControllingExecutingSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeManagement

Initiation ScopePlanning ScopeDefinition ScopeVerification ScopeChangeControlProcessesusedtoidentifyalltheworkrequiredandonlytheworkrequiredtosuccessfullycompletetheprojectSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeProductscope–ThefeaturesandfunctionsthataretobeincludedinaproductorserviceProjectscope–TheworkthatmustbedoneinordertodeliveraproductwiththespecifiedfeaturesandfunctionsSuccessfulcompletionofproductscopeismeasuredagainsttherequirements;project

scopeismeasuredagainsttheplanSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInitiationScopeInitiationFormalauthorizationthattheprojectexistsRecognitiontheprojectshouldcontinueintothenextphaseSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInitiationInputsProductdescriptionStrategicplanSelectioncriteriaHistoricalinformationToolsProjectselectionmethodsExpertjudgement

OutputsProjectcharterPMassignedConstraintsAssumptionsScopeInitiationSource:pmbokguide2000Edition

InputsProductdescription–DocumentscharacteristicsoftheproductorservicethattheprojectwasundertakentocreateanditsrelationshiptothebusinessneedorotherstimulusthatgaverisetotheprojectStrategicplan–Describestheorganization’smission,vision,andgoalsforthefuture,whichtheprojectsupportsProjectselectioncriteria–DefinedintermsoftheproductandcoversthefullrangeofmanagementconcernsHistoricalinformation–ResultsofpreviousprojectdecisionsandperformanceScopeInitiationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTools&TechniquesProjectselectionmethods(Decisionmodels)Benefit-measurementmethods–Comparativeapproaches;scoringmodels;benefit-contributionandeconomicmodelsConstrainedoptimizationmethods–Mathematicalmodelsusinglinear,dynamic,integer,andmulti-objectiveprogrammingalgorithmsExpertjudgment–ExpertswithspecializedknowledgeortrainingassesstheinputstothisprocessScopeInitiationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionOutputsProjectcharter

ProjectmanagerselectedConstraints–Factorsthatlimittheprojectmanagementteam’soptionsregardingscope,staffing,andscheduleAssumptions–Factorsthat,forplanningpurposes,willbeconsideredtobetrue,real,orcertainScopeInitiationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionProjectCharterFormallyrecognizestheexistenceofaprojectReferstothebusinessneedtheprojectisaddressingDescribestheproducttobedeliveredGivestheprojectmanagertheauthoritytoapplyresourcestotheprojectScopeInitiationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopePlanning

ProcessofprogressivelyelaboratinganddocumentingtheprojectworkthatproducestheproductoftheprojectSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopePlanningInputsProductdescriptionProjectcharterConstraintsAssumptionsToolsProductanalysisBenefit/costanalysisAlternativesidentificationExpertjudgment OutputsScopestatementSupportingdetailScopemanagementplanSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInputsProductdescription–ContainsthecharacteristicsoftheproductorserviceinwhichtheprojectwillresultProjectcharter–FormallyrecognizestheexistenceofaprojectConstraints–Factorsthatlimittheprojectmanagementteam’soptionsregardingscope,staffing,andscheduleAssumptions–Factorsthat,forplanningpurposes,willbeconsideredtobetrue,real,orcertainScopePlanningSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTools&TechniquesProductanalysis–Techniquestodevelopabetterunderstandingoftheproduct(e.g.,systemsengineering,valueengineering,functionanalysis,qualityfunctiondeployment)Benefit/costanalysis

–Estimatingthetangibleandintangiblecosts(oroutlays)andthebenefits(orreturns)ofvariousprojectalternativesAlternativeidentification–Techniquesusedtogeneratedifferentapproachestotheproject (e.g.,brainstormingandlateralthinking)ExpertjudgmentScopePlanningSource:pmbokguide2000EditionOutputsScopestatement–Writtenstatementofproject.Itcontains:Projectobjectives

ProjectjustificationProjectdeliverablesSupportingdetail–Supportingdocumentationcontainingidentifiedrequirements,plans,assumptions,andconstraintsScopePlanningSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeManagementPlan

GuidelinesforhowscopeistobemanagedandhowscopechangesaretobeintegratedintotheprojectScopePlanningItincludes:AnassessmentofthestabilityoftheprojectscopeAcleardescriptionofhowscopechangeswillbeidentifiedandclassifiedSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeDefinitionSubdividingmajorprojectdeliverablesintomanageablecomponents,inordertoimprovetheaccuracyofcost,time,andresourcesestimatesProvidesabaselineandassignsresponsibilityAscopebaselineistheoriginalplan,plusorminusapprovedchangesSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeDefinitionInputsScopestatementConstraintsAssumptionsOtherplanninginputsHistoricalinformationToolsWBStemplatesDecomposition

OutputsWorkbreakdownstructureScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInputsScopestatementConstraintsAssumptionsOtherplanningoutputs–OutputsoftheprocessesinotherknowledgeareasshouldbereviewedforpossibleimpactonprojectscopedefinitionHistoricalinformation–AboutpreviousprojectsScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTools&TechniquesWBStemplates–UseaWBSfromapreviousprojectorastandardtemplatetodevelopaWBSforthisprojectDecomposition–Subdividingmajorprojectdeliverablesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponentsuntildeliverablesaredefinedinsufficientdetailforsupportingfutureprojectactivitiesIdentifymajorelementsoftheprojectForeachelement,decideifadequatecostanddurationestimatescanbedevelopedatthislevelofdetailIdentifyconstituentelements(e.g.,tangible,verifiableresults)Verifythecorrectnessofthedecomposition–isitnecessaryandisitsufficientforcompletionoftheitemdecomposedScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionWBSDefinition

DeliverableorientedgroupingofprojectelementsthatorganizesanddefinesthetotalscopeoftheprojectHardwareServicesDataScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionWBSCodeofaccounts–UniquelyidentifieseachelementoftheWBSWorkpackages

–AdeliverableatthelowestleveloftheWBSWBSdictionary–Includeswork-packagedescriptionsScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTypicalWBSProjectPlanningProjectControlProjectDataProjectManagement1.1ProductDesignSystemsIntegrationTest&EvaluationSystemsEngineering1.2CPUAcquisitionAuxiliaryEquipmentPrinterAcquisitionHardwareAcquisition1.3OperatingSystemDatabaseApplicationDevelopmentSoftwareDevelopment1.4FacilityPlansFacilityModificationFacilityInstallationFacilitiesModifications1.5TrainingPlansTrainingCoursesTrainingDevelopment1.6InformationSystem1.ScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionResponsibilityAssignmentMatrixScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionOutputs

WorkbreakdownstructureScopeDefinitionSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeVerificationProcessofformalizingstakeholders’acceptanceoftheprojectscopeReviewingworkproductsandresultsPrimarilyconcernedwithacceptanceoftheworkresultsSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeVerificationInputsProductdocumentationWorkresultsWBSScopestatementProjectplanToolsInspections OutputsFormalacceptanceScopeVerificationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInputsWorkresults–InformationconcerningwhichdeliverableshavebeenfullyorpartiallycompletedProductdocumentation–Documentsdescribingtheproject’sproducts(e.g.,plans,specifications,technicaldocumentation,drawings)WBSScopestatementProjectplanScopeVerificationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTools&TechniquesInspection–Includesactivities,suchasmeasuring,examining,andtesting,undertakentodeterminewhetherresultsconformtorequirementsAlsoreferredtoasreviews,productreviews,audits,andwalk-throughsScopeVerificationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionOutputs

Formalacceptance–Documentationofthetheclientorsponsor’sacceptanceoftheproduct

ScopeVerificationSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeChangeControlAprocessforcontrollingchangestoprojectscopeby:Influencingfactorswhichcreatescopechanges,inordertoensurethechangesarebeneficialDeterminingthatascopechangehasoccurredManagingthechangeswhentheyoccurThesystemincludesthepaperwork,trackingsystems,andapprovallevelsnecessaryforauthorizingchangesSource:pmbokguide2000EditionChangeControlProcessStepsforchangingofficialprojectdocumentsChangeControlBoard(CCB)–ResponsibleforapprovingorrejectingchangerequestsProceduresforhandlingthosechangesthatmaybeapprovedwithoutpriorreviewThescopechangecontrolprocessisasubsidiaryprocessoftheoverallprojectcontrolprocessScopeChangeControlSource:pmbokguide2000EditionScopeChangeControlInputsWBSPerformancereportsChangerequestsScopemanagementplanToolsScopechangecontrolsystemPerformancemeasurementAdditionalplanningOutputsScopechangesCorrectiveactionLessonsLearnedAdjustedbaselineScopeChangeControlSource:pmbokguide2000EditionInputsWBSPerformancereports–Provideinformationonscopeperformance,suchas:whichinterimproductshavebeencompletedandwhichhavenotChangerequestsScopemanagementplan

ScopeChangeControlSource:pmbokguide2000EditionTools&TechniquesScopechangecontrolsystem–Definesproceduresforchangingpr