M4U3语法被动语态

M4U3Grammarandusage（被动语态）—・被动语态概念语态（Voice）,作为一个语法范畴，是表示主语和动词之间的主动或被动关系的动词行式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（ActiveVoice）和被动语态（PassiveVoice）。当主语为动作执行者即施动者时，动词用主动态；如果主语是动作的承受者即受动者时，动词便用被动态。例如：JohnhelpedPeter.住动）JohnhelpedPeter.住动）二.被动语态构成被动语态由助动词be的时态之一和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。—般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词—般过去时：was/were4■过去分词—般将来时：will（shall）+be+过去分词 begoingto+be+去分词过去将来时：should（would）be+过去分词现在进行时：am/is/are+beingh■过去分词过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词将来完成时：willhavebeen+ii去分词现在完成时：has/have+been■»■过去分词过去完成时：hadbeen+ii去分词过去将来完成时：wouldhavebeen+ii去分词注：过去将来完成时表示从过去某一时间看，将来某时将会已经完成的动作。三.含情态动词的被动语态情态动词被动语态的结构为：—般式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+be+过去分词.完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,might,must,should,need等）+have+been+过去分词。例女口：1）Youneedn'tmentionhisplaninyourspeech.（主动）Hisplanneedn 'tbementionedinyourspee被动）2）Youmighthavecompletedyourtaskaheadoftime.（主动）Yourtaskmighthavebeencompletedaheadoftime・（被动）四.被动语态特殊用法（―）句式It+be+said/reported/expected/proved/supposed等+that从句。例女口: 1）ItisreportedthattheyaresailinginthePacific.=TheyarereportedtobesailinginthePacific.2）ItissaidthatMr.Bellinventedthefirsttelephone.=Mr.Bellissaidtohaveinventedthefirsttelephone.当不定式to后的动作早于不定式to前的动作发生，不定式to后的动作应用现在完成时，表示动作的完成。例如：Theoldbridgeissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheearly1930s.（二） ・含有动词短语的主动句变为被动句时，不要漏掉其后的介词或副词。例如:Wemusttakegoodcareofthechildren.（主动）Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.（被动）（三） ・被动语态常在不知道动作的执行者或者是要强调动作的承受者时才用。助动词 be有时可被系动词get替换，即“get过去分词”也可表示被动概念。例女口:Youarewantedonthephone.（四） ・固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter的被动形式。主动begoingtousedtohaveto主动begoingtousedtohavetobegoingtobedoneusedtobedonehavetobedonehadbetterhadbetterbedone例女口:Thelittleboyusedtosendnewspapershere.（主动）Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittleboy.（被动）（五） ・“宾语+补语”又叫复合宾语，变被动语态时，只将宾语变为被动句的主语，补语位置保持不动，但是其变为主语补足语了。例女口:Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.（主动）Theboywascaughtsmokingacigaretteinthetoilet.（被动）（六）・在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.例女口:Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.（主动）Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（被动）（七） ・主动语态表示被动意义的词1•感官动词和系动词如:look,smell,feel,prove,wear,sound,taste等。Theclothfeelsverysoft,Ilikeitverymuch.某些表主语由内在品质或性能的动词也用主动形式表被动意义，常见的有： wash,write,sell,read,open,shut,keep,read,clean,sell,cook,close,lock等。例女口： （1）.Thatkindofdresswasheswell.（2） •Thistypeofcomputersellswellamongteenagers.want,need,require,take,beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：（1）.Sheboughtmeabook,whichisworthreading.（2）.Allthewindowsinthemeetingroomneedwashing.在“be形容词+todo句型中。常用于此句型形容词有 easy,hard,difficult,heavy,light,comfortable等。例如：（1）.Englishwordsaredifficulttoremember.英语单词很难记。（2）.Shetoldmethatthefishwasnotfittoeat.五.不可用被动语态的情况。不及物动词或短语不能用于被动语态。 例如：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belongto,takeplace,setsailfor,consistof等。例女口: 1.Sixmembersconsistofthecommittee.2Youshouldn'ttakewhatdoesnbelong'ttoyou.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态。英语中有些动词表示某种状态或情况，这类动词不能用于被动语态。常见的有:fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail等。例如:1・TheflatcosthimaroundonemillionRMB.2.Thisbookcontainsallthephrasesyouhavelearnt.语法专项练习1• anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;buildAnaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou thisjob? Well,I1mthinkingaboutthesalary …A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeofferedSofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisited C・hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek・A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.givesAlotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedoneThedoctor foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsentWhen thiskindofcomputers ?Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;used C.is;used d.are;usedMary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isasked d.askstoAstory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusoffthetree.D.toldus11•ThemonkeywasseenC.jumpedD.tojumpA.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojumpD.lookedafterD.servedD.hadsRepublicofChinain1949.D.lookedafterD.servedD.hadsRepublicofChinain1949.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafter13.Insomepartoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isserved C.serves_Itwasreportedthatthemurdererarrested.A.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.hasDoyouthinkthatthebridge inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.isbeingcompletedGreatchanges inChinasincethePeopleA.havetakenplace;wasfounded B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;founded D.tookplace;founded—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedatDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB・areneedingC・areneededD.willneedIpromisethatmatterwill .A.betakencare B.betakencareofC.takecare D.takecareofNopermissionhas foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD・begiven21•Cansuchathing happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromIt whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn1tbeendecidedB.isn1tdecidingC.doesn1tdecideD.hasn'tdecidedThepen me.Itishers.A.isn1tbneglotoB.wasn1tbelongtoC.doesn'tbelongtoD.didn1tbelongtoIcan1tusemybikebecauseit .A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepairedC.willrepair D.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heardBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompleted D.hadbeencompleted —Howlongatthisjob?—Sinee1990. （NMET2003北京春季,27）A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.（2002上海春季，30）A.cut B.arecutC.arebeingcut D.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytas