2023年12月四级真题第1套

未知驱动探索，专注成就专业年12月四级真题第1套阅读理解Passage1Computersarenowbeingusedinalmostallfieldsofhumanendeavor.Becauseofrapidadvancesintechnology,theaveragelifespanofacomputerhasbeenreducedtothreeyearsorevenless.Ascomputersbecomefaster,morepowerfulandcheaper,theyaredesignedtomeetthegrowingdemandsofbusinessesandindividuals.However,thisrapidrateofobsolescencecreatesaseriousproblemofwastemanagement.E-waste,orelectronicwaste,referstodiscardedelectronicdevicessuchascomputers,mobilephones,andtelevisionsets.Thesedevicescontainharmfulsubstancessuchaslead,mercury,andcadmium,whichcancauseseriousenvironmentalandhealthproblemsifnotproperlydisposedof.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations,onlyabout20%ofe-wasteiscurrentlyrecycled,whiletherestendsupinlandfillsorisincinerated.Toaddressthisissue,governmentsandenvironmentalorganizationsneedtopromoteandenforceeffectivee-wastemanagementpractices.Recyclingisthekeytoreducingthenegativeimpactofdiscardedelectronicdevices.Itinvolvesthecollection,processing,andreuseofmaterialsfromoldorobsoleteproducts.Recyclingnotonlyconservesnaturalresourcesandreducespollution,butalsocreateseconomicopportunitiesandjobsintherecyclingindustry.Inadditiontorecycling,anotherimportantaspectofe-wastemanagementiseducationandawareness.Peopleneedtobeeducatedabouttheproperdisposalmethodsandthepotentialharmcausedbye-waste.Thiscanbedonethroughpubliccampaigns,educationalprograms,andinformationcampaignsinschoolsandworkplaces.E-wastemanagementshouldalsoinvolvethemanufacturersofelectronicdevices.Theyneedtotakeresponsibilityfortheentirelifecycleoftheirproducts,fromproductiontodisposal.Thisincludesdesigningdevicesthataremoredurable,recyclable,andenergy-efficient,aswellasprovidingoptionsforconsumerstoreturnordonatetheirolddevicesforrecycling.Inthispassage,theauthordiscussestheissueofe-wastemanagementinthecontextoftherapidobsolescenceofcomputers.Theincreasinguseofcomputersinvariousfieldsofhumanendeavorhasledtoashortenedlifespanofthesedevices,resultinginasignificantamountofelectronicwaste.Thepresenceofharmfulsubstancesinelectronicwasteposesenvironmentalandhealthrisksifnotproperlydisposedof.Toaddressthisissue,theauthorsuggeststhatgovernmentsandenvironmentalorganizationsshouldpromoteandenforceeffectivee-wastemanagementpractices.Recyclingplaysacrucialroleinreducingthenegativeimpactofdiscardedelectronicdevices.Itnotonlyconservesnaturalresourcesandreducespollutionbutalsocreateseconomicopportunitiesandjobsintherecyclingindustry.Educationandawarenessarealsoimportantine-wastemanagement.Peopleneedtobeeducatedabouttheproperdisposalmethodsandthepotentialharmcausedbye-waste.Thiscanbeachievedthroughpubliccampaigns,educationalprograms,andinformationcampaignsinschoolsandworkplaces.Theauthorfurtheremphasizestheroleofmanufacturersine-wastemanagement.Theyneedtotakeresponsibilityfortheentirelifecycleoftheirproducts,fromproductiontodisposal.Thisincludesdesigningdevicesthataremoredurable,recyclable,andenergy-efficient,aswellasprovidingoptionsforconsumerstoreturnordonatetheirolddevicesforrecycling.Overall,effectivee-wastemanagementiscrucialintacklingtheenvironmentalandhealthrisksassociatedwithelectronicwaste.Recycling,education,andmanufacturerresponsibilityarekeycomponentsofacomprehensiveapproachtoaddressthisissue.Passage2Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernabouttheenvironmentalimpactofthefashionindustry.Fastfashion,characterizedbyinexpensiveclothingproducedrapidlyinresponsetothelatesttrends,hasledtoasignificantincreaseintextilewaste.Infact,thefashionindustryisthesecond-largestpolluterintheworld,aftertheoilindustry.Theproductionanddisposalofclothingcontributetovariousenvironmentalissues.Thec