中考英语语法重点复习与巩固

汇报人：XX2024-02-05中考英语语法重点复习与巩固目录BasicknowledgereviewAnalysisofnounclausesComparisonbetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundTypesandapplicationsofadvisoryclausesRulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversion01Basicknowledgereview123Nouns,verbs,objectives,advertisements,positions,connections,etcClassificationbywordclassSchool,home,entertainment,travel,nature,etcClassificationbytopicMnemonicdevices,associationtechniques,flashcards,contextuallearningMemorymethodsVocabularyclassificationandmemorymethods03AnalysisofpresencepatternsSV,SVC,SVO,SVOC,SVA01SentencecomponentsSubject,predicate,object,completion,advisory02SentencestructureSimplesenses,compoundsenses,complexsensesAnalysisofpresencecomponentsandstructureSensePresent,past,future;Continuous,perfect,simpleVoiceActiveandpassivevoicesUsageoftenseandvoiceindifferentcontextsNarration,description,argumentation,etcOverviewofTenseandVoiceSubjunctivemoodinwishes,suggestions,conditions,andthematicsituationsCommonverbsandexpressionsusedwiththesubjunctionmood:Wish,suggest,recommended,insist,demand,etcDistinctionbetweenthesubjunctionmoodandothermoodsinEnglishgrammarScenarioofusingsubcriticalmood02AnalysisofnounclausesSubjectclauseAsubjectclausefunctionsasthesubjectofasentenceItusuallycomesafteralinkingverbsuchas"is"or"was"andoftenbeganwithawh-word(who,what,when,where,why,how)ObjectclassAnobjectclassfunctionsastheobjectofaverborapositionItcanbeintroducedbyceriumverbs,positions,orobjectionsandoftenbeginningswithawhwordorthatPredictclauseApredictclausecompletesthemeaningofasubjectbystatingsomethingaboutit.Itusuallyfollowsasubjectandalinkingverbandcanbeanounclause,anobjectiveclause,oranadvisoryclauseSubjectclause,objectclause,andpredicateclauseAppetiteclauseAnAppetiteclauseisanounclausethatrenamesordescribesanothernounornounphraseinthesentenceItusuallyfollowsthenounornounphraseitdescribesandissetoffbycommaorparentsesAttributiveclauseAnattributiveclauseisatypeofobjectiveclausethatmodifiesanounornounphraseItusuallycomesbeforethenounornounphraseitmodificationsandcanbeintroducedbywordssuchas"who,""which,"or"that."AppetiteandattributiveclausesTheapplicationofnounclausesincomplexpresencestructuresRecognizingthefunctionofnonclaimswithinapresenceiscrucialforunderstandingitsmeaningandstructureUnderstandingtheroleof…Nonclausescanbeusedtocombinesimplesentencesintomorecomplexonesbyfunctioningassubjects,objects,orcompletionCombiningsimplesentenceswithnonclausesIncompoundcompoundsentences,nounclausescanbeusedaspartofthemainclauseoraspartofoneormoreadjacentclausesUsingnounclausesincompoundcompoundsentences要点三CommonerrorswithnonclausesStudentsoftenmakeerrorswithnonclausesbymisusingwhwords,omittingnecessarywords,orusingincorrectverbforms要点一要点二StrategiesforavoidingerrorsToavoiderrorswithnonclauses,studentsshouldpracticeidentifyingthefunctionofeachclausewithinasenseandensurethatallnecessarywordsareincludedPracticeexercisesPracticingwithexercisesthatfocusonnonclaimscanhelpstudentsimprovetheirunderstandingandusageofthisgrammarpoint要点三Analysisandpracticeoferrorpronepoints03ComparisonbetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundAsasubject01Theinfinitiveverbcanactasthesubjectofasense,expressinganactionorstateForexample,"TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy."Asanobject02Theinfinitiveverbcanalsoserveastheobjectofcentralverbs,suchas"want,""hope,"and"decision."Forinstance,"Iwanttogohome."Asanattribute03Theinfinitiveverbcanfunctionasanattribute,modifyinganounorpronoonForexample,"Ihavealotofworktodo."Theinfinitiveofaverbservesasthesubject,object,andattributeAsasubjectAgerundcanactasthesubjectofasense,expressingageneralorbiologicalactionForexample,"Smokingisharmfultohealth."Agerundcanalsoserveastheobjectofceriumverbs,positions,orobjectivesForinstance,"Ienjoyreadingbooks."Insomecases,agerundcanfunctionasapredict,completingthemeaningofthesubjectForexample,"Myhobbyiscollectingstamps."AsanobjectAsapredictAgerundservesasthesubject,object,andpredicateVSThemaindifferencebetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundisthatinfinitiveverbsexpressspecificoronetimeactions,whilegerundexpressesgeneralorbiologicalactionsTransformationInsomecases,infinitiveverbsandgerundscanbetransformedintoeachotherForexample,"Iliketoswim"canbetransformedinto"Ienjoyswimming."However,notallinfinitiveverbsandgerundcanbetransformedinthisway,andthemeaningmaychangeslightlyDifferenceThedifferenceandtransformationbetweeninfinitiveverbsandgerundExercisequestionsrelatedtoinfinitiveverbsandgerundofteststudents'understandingoftheirfunctionsanddifferencesWhenansweringthesequestions,studentsshouldcarefullyanalyzethepresencestructureanddeterminewhentheinfinityverborgerundisusedcorrectlyStudentsshouldalsopayattentiontothemeaningofthepresenceandensurethattheinfinityverborgerundisusedappropriatelytoexpresstheintendedmeaningExplanationofrelatedexercisequestions04Typesandapplicationsofadvisoryclauses010203Commonintroductionwordswhen,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,themoment,etcUsageTimeadvisoryclaimsareusedtoexpressthetimerelationshipbetweenthemainclaimandthesubborderclaimForexample,"Whendidyoudrive?"means"Atwhattimedidyoudrive?"NoteThetenseoftheverbinthesubborderclauseshouldbeconsistentwiththetenseoftheverbinthemainclauseIntroductionwordsandusageoftimeadaptiveclausesTheexpressionofconditionaladvisoryclausesif,less,providedthat,incase,onconditionthat,providingthat,etcExpressionConditionaladvisoryclaimsareusedtoexpressconditionsorsupportsForexample,"Ifitrains,wewon'tgoout."means"Wewon'tgooutifitrains."NoteTheorderofthemainclauseandtheadjacentclausecanbechangedtoemphasizedifferentpartsofthesentenceCommonintroductionwordsReasonadaptiveclauses:introducedbywordssuchasbecause,as,since,for,etc.,andusedtoexpressthereasonfortheactionorstateinthemainclauseResultadvisoryclauses:introducedbywordssuchassothat,so...that...,soThat,Withtheresultthat,etc.,andusedtoexpresstheresultoftheactionorstateinthemainclauseObjectiveadvisoryclauses:introducedbywordssuchasinorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,less,incase,etc.,andusedtoexpressthepurposeorintentionoftheactioninthemainclauseNote:ThesubborderclauseusuallycomesbeforethemainclauseinEnglishsentences,butitcanalsocomeafterthemainclauseforemphasisorotherreasonsThestructuralcharacteristicsofadvisoryclaimswithreasons,results,andobjectivesintroducedbywordssuchasappropriate,thought,evenif,eventhought,etc.,andusedtoexpressaconditionalrelationshipbetweenthemainclauseandtheadjacentclauseForexample,"Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot."introducedbywordssuchas...as...,notas/soAs...,then,themoreThemore,Etc.,andusedtoexpressacomparativerelationshipbetweenthemainclauseandthesubborderclauseForexample,"ShesingsbetterthanIdo."introducedbywordssuchasif,asthought,theway,etc.,andusedtoexpressthewayorMannerinwhichanactionisperformedForexample,"Hetalksasifheknowseverything."ProcessadvisoryclausesComparisonadvisoryclausesManneradaptiveclausesApplicationofAdverbialClauseofProcess,Comparison,andManner05RulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversionChangingtheverbtenseofthereportedspeechtomatchthetenseofthereportingverbUsingappropriatereportingverbssuchas"say,""hold,""asked,"etcShiftingtheproofsanddemonstratingproofstoreflectthepointofviewofthereporterMaintainingtheoriginalmeaningofthedirectspeechwhileconvertingitintoanindirectspeechBasicmethodsforconvertingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechFirstpersonproofs(I,me,my,mine)changetotheappropriatesecondorthirdpersonproofs(he,she,it,they,his,her,its,their,their)dependingonthesubjectofthereportingverbTensechangesoccurtomatchthetenseofthereportingverb,withpresenttensebecomingpasttenseandviceverseDemonstrativeproofs(this,that,these,those)changetoreflectth