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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________精品资料GiveabriefaccountofthemajorachievementsofGreekculture,suchasthoseinreligion,philosophy,literatureandscience.GreekreligionreallytookshapeduringtheHomericAge，andfeaturedpolytheismwithgodstakinghumanformandfeeling.GreekreligionmadeagreatcontributiontoGreekliterature,philosophyandart.ItisanimportantoriginofGreekmythology，GreekphilosophystartedwithThales(640BC-547BC)whobelievedthatthematerialworldoriginatedinwater，ThecoreGreekphilosophersareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Socrateshadscantregardformaterialwealth,PlatoestablishedtheAcademy-thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.LiteraryrepresentationcentredroundthetwoepicpoemsoftheIliadandtheOdyssey。2WhatdoyouthinkoftheinfluenceGreekculturehasexertedonWesternCivilizationasawhole?Giveexamples.GreekcultureisoftentermedthecradleoftheWesternCivilizationandhashadanenormousimpactonWesterncultureThespecificcontributionsarefoundintheareasofphilosophy,politics,literature,art,scienceandarchitecture.GreekpoliticswasoneofthegreatestinfluencesonWesternCivilization.Thesecondsignificantinfluencewasthatofphilosophy，givesoundguidancetolateryearpeopletoimproveandchangetheworldoutsidethemselves。1.____isthemajorfoundationinthewesterncultureandmakesapowerfulimpactonthedevelopmentofhumancivilization?A.AncientEuropeanculture B.AncientGreekculture C.AncientChineseculture D.AncientEgyptculture2.Greekculturecanbedatedbackto____.A.NeolithicAge B.BronzeAge C.StoneandBronzeAge D.theOldStoneAge3.____wascalled“thefirstcitizenofAthens”byThucydidesandinhisreigntheslave-baseddemocracypoliticsinAthensreacheditspeak.A.JustinianI B.Cleon C.Pericles D.Ptolemy4.Herodotus,fatherofGreekHistory,focusesondescribingthewarbetween____inhisbook,TheHistories.

A.ThebesandSparta B.PersiansandSyracuse C.AthensandSparta D.GreeksandPersians5.____establishedtheAcademy-thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.A.PlatoB.SocratesC.AristotleD.HeraclitusChapter2TellbrieflythemajorcharacteristicsandcontributionsofRomanculture,asaredemonstratedinreligion,poetry,historyandarchitecture.Intheearlyperiod,Romancultureoftendependedheavilyontheintroductionandimitationofothercultures,particularly,Greekculture.ThusRomanscreatedtheirownpowerfulculture,layingthefoundationforsubsequentWesterncultureinmanyfields.AccordingtoGreekcultureandothers’culture;theycreatedtheirowngodsandmyth,Inpoetry,ancientRomemadebrilliantachievements,LivywasresponsibleforthegreatHistoryofRomein142volumes.Hisworkhasalwaysbeencitedbylaterstatesmen,writersorscholars,ThearchitectureofAncientRomeadoptedtheGreekstyleforitsownpurposes,buttheRomansalsodevelopedanewkind.2.InwhatsensedoyouthinkRomancultureoweditsaccomplishmentstothebenefitsobtainedfromGreekculture?Giveexamples.RomanculturelearnedandinheritedalotfromGreekculture.,religion,philosophyandliterature.Inreligion,RomehaditsownsystemofbeliefswhichhadbeensimpleandcouldhardlycomparewiththepluralityofGreekreligion.ThesameistrueofRomanphilosophywherewecouldfindexamples,Inliterature,RomanmenoflettersalsoborrowedaAllinall,thetwoculturesarecloselylinkedgreatdealfromGreekculture.3.Romanculture,combinedwithGreekculture,marksthedawnofWesternculturewithaheritagerichenoughtobuildupapowerfulcivilizationinthesuccessivecenturies.TrytodrawupsomehelpfullessonsfromtheRomanculturaldevelopmentbyfocusingononeortwoaspectsinrelationtothedevelopmentofothercultures.Itisgenerallyagreedthatanationneedstobuildupitscultureonthebasisofwhathasbeenachievedbyitsancestors.Atthesametimethisnationhastopickupsomethingnewfromotheradvancedculturesources.Thusthenationhastofaceaproblemofhowtohandletherelationshipbetweeninheritanceandlearning,WecouldseetheRomanshadsuchachoiceintheearlydaysButtheywerecleverenoughtomaketherightchoice.theytookmeasurestoensureeverythingtotheirbenefit,TheyweresosincereandseriousinadoptingGreekculture,InthissenseRomanswonanothervictoryinadditiontotheirmilitaryvictory.ThelessonofRomanhistoryisthatweshouldtrytobehumanitarian,generous,tolerantandmagnanimousatthemomentofcrisisorconflictandtrytominimizethelosses.A.MultipleChoice1.AncientRomancultureistheculturefromtheformationof____totheendoftheRomanEmpire,whichhadlastedabout1200yearsthroughout.A.RomanRepublic,B.RomanRepublic,Byzantiumc.RomanEmpire,PaxRomanaD.Byzantium,RomanEmpire2.____werethetwins,thefoundersofRomeinthehistory.A.OctavianandCaesarB.CaesarandRemusC.RomulusandRemusD..RomulusandOctavian3.____wasthefirstemperorinRomanEmpirefrom27BCto14AD.A.CaesarB.OctavianC.RemusD.Pompey4.ItalianpoetDanteregards____ashisteacherinTheDivineComedy.A.VirgilB.HoraceC.OvidD.Chaucer5.ThelawoftheTwelveTableswasinscribedin____A．450BC,B.200BCC.40BCD.400BCChapter3`1.HowwastheJewishcivilizationdevelopedafteratortuoushistoryofsplitandunification?ThemajorexplanationforthedevelopmentoftheJewishcivilizationisitsstrongcohesivenessandvitality,theyputintoeffecttheirJudaistbeliefsandwhattheyreadofJudaistscriptures.FromthenonJewshavebeguntobecomeawareofthenecessicitytoliberatethemselvesfromtherestrictivelawsandacquirenewknowledgeandmodernideasfromtheEuropeans,MostofJewsthusreceivedagoodeducation,fullyarmedwithculturalandscientificknowledgeanddidwellintheirownpositiontheycouldquicklyturnitintoawelldevelopednationinspiteofitssmallsizeandsmallpopulation.2．SaysomethingaboutJudaismandTheOldTestament.TheOldTestamentistheJudaistBible.ItwaswritteninHebrew,includingthethreeparts：Pentateuch,ProphetsandHagiographaandApocrypha.AfterTheOldTestamentwastranslatedintoGreekbyJewishscholars，manywesternersbegantounderstandJudaismbyreadingthisbook.Itisnotonlyofreligiousvaluebutalsoofliteratryvalue.WhatwouldyousayabouttheJewishcontributiontoChristianityandWesternculture?GiveexamplestoshowhowJewishculturerelatestoanddiffersfromtheothercultures,suchasGreekandArabiccultures.TheJewishculturehasdonemuchforChristianityandWesternculture,suchastheJewishcontributiontothetransmissionofWesternculture.OneoftheexamplesisJewishassistancetotheestalishmentofChristianity.ItwastheJewswhoworkedastheearlyorganizersandparticipantsintheundergroundactivitiesoftheChristians.AnotherexampleconcernsPhilo,themajorJewish-Hellenisticphilosopheroftheearlyperiod,combinedboththeGreekphilosophicalelementandJewishtheology.A.MultipleChoices1．TheBabylonianCaptivityreferstothecaptivationandimprisonmentofthe\o"Jew"Jewsby\o"NebuchadnezzarIIofBabylon"NebuchadnezzarII,in____.A.586BCB.450BCC.330BCD.5862.Inhistory,Israelitemonarchyprosperedwiththethreekings,\o"SaultheKing"Saul,____.A.\o"David"DavidandSolomanB.MosesandDavidC.JacobandDavidD.JacobandSoloman3.Jerusalemwasestablishedasthecapitalin___.A.585BCB.1000BCC.1000D.588BC4.___wontheNobelPrizeforliteraturein1978A.PulitzerJosephB.SaulBellowCSingerD.Hemingway5.TheancestoroftheJewsis__A.Greek,B.Germanic,C.Hebrew,D.RomanChapter4WhatarethemaincomponentsofChristianityandwhycoulditbeacceptedastheofficialreligionfirstbytheRomanEmpireandthenbythefollowingkingdomsorempiresinEurope?(1)ThemaincomponentsofChristianityare：1)TheBibleastheonlyChristianscripture;MajorChristiandoctrinesaboutTrinityandRedemption;3)OtherdoctrinesoreventsofChristianity:(2)ChristianityisacceptedandpopularinEuropebecauseofthesefactors:.Forthecommonpeopleintheempire,theyneededsomethingtofilluptheirspiritualvacuum.Christianitycouldplaysucharole..Itcouldworktogetherwithanysecularregimestooffernecessaryassistance..ThenameandinfluenceofChristiaitywouldbeasymbolofsacrednessandjustification,4)Christianityisalsoakindofculture,itcouldbetoleratedbecausetheirlifeandpropertycouldthusbesecuredinthechangedcircumstances.2.WhatarethebasicdifferencesbetweenChristianityandJudaism?InspiteofthefactthatthetworeligionsderivedfromJewishculture,therearesomebasicdifferencesbetweenthem.FirstisthedifferentimageofGod.SecondisdifferentviewofGod.JehovahisviewedHeislikefireorwind.Godiskinderandmorehelpful,Thirdisthedifferentpositioneachreligionislocatedinandhencewouldmakedifferentcontribution.FourthisJehovahwasimportanttoJewsonlyintheoryandaffecttheminspiritoccasionallywhileChristianitymovedintosecularlifefortheWesternerasPopeandchurchesbecameverypowerful.3．TrytogivereasonswhyChristianitycouldkeepitsdominantpositioninthespiritualworldoftheWestforovertwothousandyears.ThefirstreasonforthedominantpositionoftheChristianChurchisitsrepresentationofWesternculturaltraditionunderthecoverofwhatcouldbeahypocriticalmaskasoftenconfirmedinhistoricaldevelopment.ThesecondreasonisthedivisionofpoliticalandideologicaldominancesintheformofatacitunderstandingbetweenfeudalautocracyandthechurchThethirdreasonisthechurch’scontributiontothesuccessfulhandlingofpoliticalandsocialeventsasanarbitrator,Thefourthreasonisitsflexiblestrategyandassessibleabilitytoadaptitselftothechangesinsocialandculturalconditions.TheabovereasonsmightservetoexplainwhyChristianitycouldcomesuchalongwaywithoutbeingtoppledlikeitssecularcontemporaries.Thisdoesnotmean,however,thatChristianityisperfectorfaultless..A.MultipleChoices1.Christianityisthesystemofreligiousbeliefandpracticeabout___andstartedattheturnof___.Mary,1stcenturyADB.JesusChrist,1stcenturyADC.Jehovah1stcenturyBCDJesusChrist,1stcenturyBC.2.On27February___,RomanEmperor___acceptedChristianityastheofficialreligion.A.380,AlexandertheGreatB.380,TheodosiusC.400,OctavianD.100,JesusChrist3._____,ChristianChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandtheEastern\o"EasternOrthodoxChurch"OrthodoxChurchseated.A.In1054B.In1054BCC.In1055D.In3804._____is2ndbookofthe\o"OldTestament"OldTestament,tellingthehistoryoftheHebrewsledbyMoose’sflightoutofEgypt.A.ExodusB.theGospelC.GenesisD.Job5.____isthecradlesofmanycivilizations,suchusTrojan,Phrygian,Achaemenid,\o"AncientGreece"Greek,Armenian,RomanandByzantine.A.AsiaMinorB.EgyptC.JerusalemD.AegeanSeaChapter61.TellsimplythebackgroundanddevelopmentoftheRenaissance.ItwasnoaccidentthatitfirstoccurredinFlorenceandItalywheretheearlysignsofcapitalismhadappearedatthesametimeassocialchaos,politicaldisputesandmilitaryclashes,moreandmorepeoplebegantosuspectthejustificationforthosewhoheldthepower,Paintingandsculpturewerethefirstareatoreflectthechangeofsubjectsandtastes.WhatarethemajorfeaturesandachievementsoftheRenaissance?GiveexamplesTheachievementswereseenprincipallyinthesixareas,namelypainting,sculpture,poetry,fiction,dramaandreligiousreformationaswellasthechangeinthecultural.Instancescouldbelocatedintheseareas,Thegreatartistsstartedtofocusontheimages,linkingclassicalismwithhumannature.3.SaysomethingaboutthesignificanceoftheRenaissancewithrespecttoitsinfluencesonthelaterdevelopmentofsocialandeconomicandintellectualconditionsintheWest.ThemostsignificantaspectoftheRenaissanceisitsreassertionofthenecessityforideologicalemancipationandintellectualfreedom,Thankstoheavypressure,socialdevelopmentshowedlittlechange.Intellectualprogressalmostcametoast