中考英语语法重点考点回顾与拓展

汇报人：XX中考英语语法重点考点回顾与拓展2024-02-06目录TenseandvoiceNounsandArticlesAdjectivesandAdverbsVerbsandVerbalPhrases宾语从句与定语从句Adverbialclausesandsubjunctivemood01TenseandvoiceChapter

Simplepresenttense,simplepasttense,andsimplefuturetenseSimplepresenttenseexpresseshabits,generaltruths,scheduledevents,andongoingactionsinthepresent.Simplepasttensedescribescompletedactionsoreventsthatoccurredinthepast.Simplefuturetenseindicatesfutureactionsoreventsthatwilloccurinthefuture,oftenwithatimereference.Pastcontinuoustensedescribesactionsoreventsthatwereinprogressataspecifictimeinthepast.Futurecontinuoustenseindicatesactionsoreventsthatwillbeinprogressataspecifictimeinthefuture.Presentcontinuoustenseexpressesongoingactionsoreventsthatarehappeningatthemomentofspeaking.Presentcontinuoustense,pastcontinuoustense,futurecontinuoustense123expressesactionsoreventsthatoccurredinthepastbuthaverelevancetothepresent.Presentperfecttensedescribesactionsoreventsthatwerecompletedbeforeanotheractionoreventinthepast.Pastperfecttenseindicatesactionsoreventsthatwillbecompletedbeforeacertaintimeinthefuture.FutureperfecttensePresentperfecttense,pastperfecttense,futureperfecttensePassivevoiceisformedbyusingtheappropriateformoftheverb"tobe"followedbythepastparticipleofthemainverb.Passivevoiceisusedwhenthefocusisontheactionratherthanthedoer,orwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant.Itcanalsobeusedtocreateamoreobjectivetoneortovarysentencestructureforstylisticpurposes.CompositionUsageTheCompositionandUsageofPassiveVoice02NounsandArticlesChapterCountablenounsrefertoindividualpeople,places,things,orideasthatcanbecounted.Uncountablenounsrefertosubstances,concepts,orabstractideasthatcannotbecountedindividually.Commonexamplesofcountablenounsinclude"apple,""chair,"and"idea,"whileuncountablenounsinclude"water,""happiness,"and"information."CountableanduncountablenounsThepluralformofanounistypicallycreatedbyaddingan-sor-essuffixtotheendoftheword.Pluralnounsareusedtorefertomorethanoneperson,place,thing,oridea.Somenounsformtheirpluralsirregularly,suchas"man"becoming"men"or"woman"becoming"women."Itisimportanttousepluralnounscorrectlytoavoidgrammaticalerrorsandensureclearcommunication.ThepluralformandusageofnounsThearticle"a"isusedbeforesingularnounsthatstartwithaconsonantsound.Thearticle"the"isusedtorefertospecificnounsthathavealreadybeenmentionedorareknowntothelistener/reader.Itisessentialtousethecorrectarticlebeforeanountoconveytheintendedmeaningaccurately.Thearticle"an"isusedbeforesingularnounsthatstartwithavowelsound.Theusageofthearticlea/an/the输入标题02010403ZeroArticleThezeroarticleisusedwhennoarticleisneededbeforeanoun.UnderstandingwhentousethezeroarticlecanhelpimprovethefluencyandnaturalnessofyourEnglishspeechandwriting.Forexample,"Ienjoyreadingbooks"doesnotrequireanarticlebefore"books"becauseitreferstothegeneralcategoryofbooks.Thistypicallyoccurswithpluralnounsthatrepresentageneralcategoryorabstractconcept.03AdjectivesandAdverbsChapterFormationAdjectivestypicallyformtheircomparativeandsuperlativeformsbyadding"-er"or"-est,"respectively,orbyprecedingtheadjectivewith"more"or"most"formulti-syllableadjectives.UsageThecomparativeformisusedtocomparetwothings,whilethesuperlativeformisusedtocomparethreeormorethings.IrregularformsSomeadjectiveshaveirregularcomparativeandsuperlativeforms,suchas"good"(better,best)and"bad"(worse,worst).ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadjectivesFormation01Adverbstypicallyformtheircomparativeandsuperlativeformsinthesamewayasadjectives,eitherbyadding"-er"or"-est"orbyusing"more"or"most."Usage02Adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbsandareusedtoexpressdegreesofmanner,time,place,orfrequency.Commonexamples03"quickly"(morequickly,mostquickly),"slowly"(moreslowly,mostslowly).ThecomparativeandsuperlativeformsofadverbsAdjectivesAdjectivestypicallyprecedethenounstheymodify,althoughtheycanalsofollowlinkingverbsorbeusedaspredicateadjectives.AdverbsAdverbscanappearinvariouspositionsinasentence,dependingonthetypeofadverbandtheinformationitmodifies.Theycanprecedeorfollowthemainverb,ortheycanappearatthebeginningorendofasentenceforemphasis.OrderofadjectivesWhenmultipleadjectivesmodifyanoun,theytypicallyfollowaspecificorder:quantityornumber,age,color,origin,material.ThepositionofadjectivesandadverbsinsentencesPrimitiveformTheprimitiveformofanadjectiveoradverbisthebasic,unmodifiedformthatisusedtodescribesomethinginageneralway.ComparativeformThecomparativeformisusedtocomparetwothingsandexpresswhichoneismoreorlessofacertainquality.SuperlativeformThesuperlativeformisusedtocomparethreeormorethingsandexpresswhichoneisthemostorleastofacertainquality.Itisoftenprecededbythearticle"the."ThePrimitive,Comparative,andSuperlativeUsageofAdjectivesandAdverbs04VerbsandVerbalPhrasesChapterThetypesandbasicformsofverbsRegularVerbsVerbsthatformtheirpasttenseandpastparticiplebyadding-edor-d(e.g.,walked,talked).IrregularVerbsVerbsthatdonotfollowtheregularpatternofadding-edor-d(e.g.,went,ate).ModalVerbsVerbsthatexpressmodality,suchaspossibility,necessity,orability(e.g.,can,may,must).PhrasalVerbsVerbscombinedwithprepositionsoradverbstocreatenewmeanings(e.g.,lookup,breakdown).Verb+NounCollocations:Verbsthatcommonlyoccurwithspecificnouns(e.g.,makeadecision,dohomework).Verb+AdverbCollocations:Verbsthatareoftenaccompaniedbyadverbs(e.g.,speakloudly,runquickly).IdiomaticVerbPhrases:Verbphrasesthathaveafixedmeaningnotdeduciblefromtheindividualwords(e.g.,pullsomeone'sleg,beataroundthebush).Verb+PrepositionCollocations:Verbsthataretypicallyfollowedbyprepositions(e.g.,dependon,agreewith).Verbphrasesandtheircollocations情态动词的用法Can/CouldExpressesability,possibility,orpermission(e.g.,Icanswim;Couldyoupassmethesalt?).May/MightIndicatespossibilityorpermission(e.g.,MayIborrowyourpen?;Theymightcometomorrow.).MustExpressesnecessityorstrongobligation(e.g.,Youmustfinishyourhomework.).Should/OughttoSuggestswhatisconsideredrightorappropriate(e.g.,Youshouldapologize;Heoughttoknowbetter.).InfinitivesThebasicformoftheverb,precededby"to"(e.g.,torun,towrite).Verbsendingin"-ing"thatfunctionasnouns(e.g.,Runningisgoodexercise.).Verbsendingin"-ing"or"-ed"thatfunctionasadjectivesoraspartofverbphrases(e.g.,Theinterestingbook;Iaminterestedinreading.).Verbsthatdonotshowtense,person,ornumberandareusedasmodifiersorcomplementsinsentences(e.g.,tohaveseen,havingseen,seen).GerundsParticiplesNon-finiteVerbsinGeneral非谓语动词的简介05宾语从句与定语从句Chapter宾语从句的引导词包括that、if/whether、wh-词（what、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why、how等）。宾语从句应使用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”的结构。例如，“Idon'tknowwhatheisdoing.”（我不知道他在做什么。）宾语从句的引导词及语序语序引导词引导词定语从句的引导词包括关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose）和关系副词（when、where、why）。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在从句中充当状语。用法定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，提供额外的信息。例如，“ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.”（我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。）Introductionwordsandusageofrelativeclauses混合使用宾语从句和定语从句可以在同一个句子中混合使用。例如，“Idon'tknowthemanwhotoldmethatyouwerecoming.”（我不认识那个告诉我你要来的人。）注意事项在混合使用时，要注意从句之间的逻辑关系和语法结构，确保句子意思清晰、语法正确。Themixeduseoftwotypesofclauses宾语从句和定语从句的时态应与主句时态保持一致，除非从句表达的是客观事实或普遍真理。时态宾语从句和定语从句可以根据需要使用被动语态。例如，“Iwastoldthatthemeetinghadbeencancelled.”（我被告知会议已经取消了。）语态在使用时态和语态时，要注意从句与主句之间的逻辑关系和语境，确保表达准确、自然。注意事项Tenseandvoiceinclauses06AdverbialclausesandsubjunctivemoodChapterTimeadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordssuchas"when,""while,""after,"etc.,theseclausesdescribethetimeatwhichthemainclauseactionoccurs.Causeandeffectadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordslike"because,""since,""as,"etc.,theseclausesexplainthereasonorcauseforthemainclauseaction.Conditionadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordssuchas"if,""unless,""providedthat,"etc.,theseclausesstateaconditionthatmustbemetforthemainclauseactiontooccur.Concessionadverbialclauses:Guidedbywordslike"although,""though,""eventhough,"etc.,theseclausesintroduceacontrastorconcessiontothemainclauseaction.TypesofAdverbialClauseandGuidingWordsThesubjunctivemoodisaverbformthatexpressesanon-realorhypotheticalsituation,oftenusedinwishes,suggestions,doubts,regrets,andothernon-factualstatements.Thesubjunctivemoodoftenoccursincertainfixedexpressionsandstructures,suchas"Itisimportantthat...,""Isuggestthat...,""Iwouldratherthat...,"etc.Thesubjunctivemoodistypicallyformedbyusingthebaseformoftheverb(without"-s"or"-es"inthethirdpersonsingular)inthepresenttenseandthepastparticipleinthe