生物学专业英语词汇及生物学科基地申请书

PAGEPAGE8Botany植物学Celltheory细胞学说cellmembrane细胞膜nucleus细胞核Organelle细胞器cellwall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cellcycle细胞周期mitochondrion线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unitmembrane单位膜chloroplast叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclearfission核分裂reproduction繁殖primarywall初生壁secondarywall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollentube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮lifehistory生活史rootsystem根系mainroot主根lateralroot侧根taprootsystem直根系fibrousrootsystem须根系cortex皮层vascularcylinder维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylemray木射线vascularray维管射线phloemray韧皮射线rootcap根冠Casparianstrip凯氏带primaryxylem初生木质部primaryphloem初生韧皮部vascularray维管射线xylemray木射线phelloderm栓内层phloemray韧皮射线embryo胚homologousorgan同源器官analogousorgan同功器官endosperm胚乳seedcoat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seedgermination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-greenalgae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinoussheath胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexualcell异性细胞greenalgae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy异配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brownalgae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascularplants微管植物aquaticplant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmicreticulum内质网vegetativereproduction营养繁殖intercellularlayer胞间层phellogen&corkcambium木栓形成层asexualreproduction无性繁殖sexualpropagation有性繁殖tetradynamousstamen四强雄蕊didynamousstamen二强雄蕊monodelphousstamen单体雄蕊diadelphousstamen二体雄蕊triadelphousstamen三体雄蕊polyadelphousstamens多体雄蕊synantherousstamen聚药雄蕊primarywallcells初生壁细胞vegetativecell营养细胞malesterility雄性不育filiformapparatus丝状器meristemzone分生区elongationzone伸长区maturationzone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specificparasitism专性寄生specificsaprophyte专性腐生facultativeparasitism兼性寄生facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生sexualgeneration有性世代asexualgeneration无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryoticcell原核细胞eukaryoticcell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleicacid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cellcycle细胞周期pulmonaryalveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛foodvacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contractionsilk收缩丝merogenesis卵裂blastocoele囊胚腔completecleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radialsymmetry辐射对称nervenet神经网planula浮浪幼虫bilateralsymmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubulecell管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum腹吸盘oralsucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacalpore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管restingegg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象senseorgan感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismaticlayer壳层nacreouslayer珍珠层veliger面盘幼虫glochidium钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linearanimal线形动物pericardialcavity围心腔cervicalvertebra颈椎sacralvertebra荐椎pulmonaryvein肺静脉precavalvein前腔静脉bladder气囊middleear中耳tympanumcavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcavalvein后腔静脉glandularstomach腺胃airsac气囊saltgland盐腺scleroticring巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursaoffabricius腔上囊masticatorystomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internalnaris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cellmembrane&plasmamembrane细胞膜epithelialtissue上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织cartilagetissue软骨组织osseoustissue骨组织musculartissue肌肉组织cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisc闰盘Nissl'sbody尼氏小体colony&group群体meroblasticcleavage不完全卵裂colonialtheory群体说gastrovascularcavity消化循环腔musclesystem肌肉体系excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统digestivesystem消化系统archinephricduct原肾管basallamina&basalmembrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精finalhost终寄主firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主semicircularcanal半规管secondintermediatehost第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity遗传variation变异gene基因pisumsativum豌豆segregation分离gamete生殖细胞zygote合子allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype表现型testcross测交oryzasativa水稻diploid二倍体haploid单倍体centromere着丝粒satellite随体linker连丝mitosis有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle纺锤体interphase间期spindlefiber纺锤丝viciafaba蚕豆nucleoplasm核质spermatogenous精原细胞oogonium卵原细胞spermatid精细胞Phenocopy拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gameticlethal配子致死zygoticlethal合子致死autosome常染色体dominantlethal显性致死carrier携带者homozygote纯合体heterozygote杂合体genotype基因型phenotype表现型linkagegroup连锁群interference干涉coincidence并发率geneticmap遗传学图wildtype野生型mutation突变heterokaryon异核体auxotroph营养缺陷型strain菌株recipient受体donor供体fragment片段induction诱导prophage原噬菌体transduction转导Mendel’slaws孟德尔定律lawofsegregation分离定律firstfilialgeneration子一代parentalgeneration亲代dominantcharacter显性性状recessivecharacter隐性性状hereditarydeterminant遗传因子parentalcombination亲组合recombination重组合punnettsquare棋盘法Mendeliancharacter孟德尔性状primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕nucleolarorganizer核仁形成区firstpolarbody第一极体secondpolarbody第二极体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体femalegameticnucleus卵核multiplealleles复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linkedinheritance伴性遗传primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕complementarygene互补基因homologouschromosome同源染色体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体secondaryoocyte次级卵母细胞three-pointtestcross三点测交primaryspermatocyte初级精母细胞secondaryspermatocyte次级精母细胞firstdivisionsegregation第一次分裂分离seconddivisionsegregation第二次分裂分离lawofindependentassortment自由组合定律Biochemistry生物化学essentialelement必需元素traceelements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖aminoacid氨基酸primarystructure一级结构randomcoil无规卷曲structuraldomain结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸basepairing碱基配对basepair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementaryDNA互补DNAplasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitivesequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variableloop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromiceffect增色效应basestackingforce碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-outtemperature熔解温度hypochromiceffect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biologicaloxidation生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycinA抗霉素Acyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate顺乌头酸succinicacid琥珀酸oxaloaceticacid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylatecycle乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fattyacid脂肪酸carbonunit一碳单位replicon复制子coreenzyme核心酶primosome引发体Okazakifragment冈崎片段leadingchain前导链laggingstrand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replicationfork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citricacidcycle柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用ureacycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messengerRNA信使RNAtransferRNA转移RNAribosomeRNA核糖体RNAmetabolicregulation代谢调节feedbackregulation反馈调节structuralgene结构基因promotergene启动基因operatorgene操纵基因regulatorgene调节基因terminationfactor终止因子tripletcode三联体密码initiatorcodon起始密码terminationcodon终止密码semiconservativereplication半保留复制ornithinecycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenicaminoacid生酮氨基酸glucogenicaminoacid生糖氨基酸oxidativedeamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reversetranscription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制reversetranscriptase逆转录酶missensemutation错义突变synonymousmutation同义突变neutralmutation中性突变nonsensemutation无义突变phosphatidicacid磷脂酸essentialaminoacids必需氨基酸dihydrouracilloop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodonloop反密码子环double-strandcircularDNA双链环形DNAsuperhelicalDNA超螺旋DNAopencircularDNA开环DNAlinearDNA线形DNAbasestackingforce碱基堆积力secondarystructure二级结构super-secondarystructure超二级结构tertiarystructure三级结构quaternarystructure四级结构negativesupercoilDNA负超螺旋DNApositivesupercoilDNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸 glucogenicandketogenicaminoacid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restrictionendonuclease限制性内切酶polymerasechainreaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学livingcreatures生物culturemedium培养基lawn菌苔cultureplate培养平板bacteria细菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物protozoan原生动物hypha菌丝mycoplasma支原体yeast酵母菌plasmolysis质壁分离EscherichiaColi大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outermembrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus核仁nucleoid拟核chromatin染色质centromere着丝粒telomere端粒protoplast原生质体mycoplasma支原体glycoprotein糖蛋白mesosome间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx糖被capsule荚膜flagellum鞭毛lysosome溶酶体chloroplast叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganicsalt无机盐peptone蛋白胨sulfurbacteria硫细菌beefextract牛肉膏vitamin维生素inclusionbody内含物lithotroph无机营养型medium培养基agar琼脂organotroph有机营养型antiport逆向运输activetransport主动运输pinocytosis胞饮作用catabolism分解代谢passivetransport被动运输uniport单向运输anabolism合成代谢fermentation发酵batchculture分批培养logphase对数生长期stationaryphase稳定生长期lagphase迟缓期declinephase衰亡期aerobe好氧菌antibiotic抗生素antigenome反基因组transformation转化genome基因组plasmid质粒transformingfactor转化因子diploid二倍体haploid单倍体transposableelement转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition转换transversion颠换spontaneousmutation自发突变reversemutation回复突变sexduction性导transduction转导promoter启动子operon操纵子recombinationrepair重组修复repressor阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone克隆denaturation变性annealing退火extension延伸cloningvector克隆载体replicon复制子telomere端粒cohesiveend黏性末端promoter启动子terminator终止子genetherapy基因治疗phylogeny系统发育ammonification氨化作用nitrification硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用expressionvector表达载体aerobicrespiration有氧呼吸anaerobicrespiration无氧呼吸originofreplication复制起始点incompatibility不亲和性genemutation基因突变synonymousmutation同义突变chromosomalaberration染色体畸变missensemutation错义突变frame-shiftmutation移码突变lactoseoperon乳糖操纵子negativetranscriptioncontrol负转录调控tryptophanoperon色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmicinheritance细胞质遗传geneticengineering基因工程recombinantDNAtechnology重组DNA技术palindromicstructure回文结构spreadplatemethod涂布平板法pourplatemethod倾注培养法streakplatemethod平板划线法shaketubemethod稀释摇管法continuousculture连续培养一机一中生物学科示范基地申报书一机一中生物学科示范基地申请表学校一机一中申报学科生物学科示范基地负责人周兴盛联系电话学科实验基地成员名单周兴盛、吴生强、胡爱琳、初红、陈永强、周永利、李晓华本学科教学研究已有基础一、建立、健全组织机构：推荐认真负责并有一定业务能力的老师担任各年级教学的备课组长，形成教学研究的基本单位。二、规范管理制度1．

认真组织好全组教师对市、办事处、校等各级各部门所发文件精神的学习与贯彻落实。2．

教研组工作有计划，计划实施过程中有检查，学期结束有小结。3．

教研组工作围绕提高教学质量的核心，积极开展各项教学研究活动。保证两周一次的教研组活动，注重工作实效，同时关注活动后的反馈。4．

组织教师学习生物学科课程标准，关注新教材的学习，课堂实践注重新理念的落实、新方法的探寻。5．

全组教师在个人备课的基础上，按“三定”、“四统一”要求集体备课，不无故缺席。“三定”，即定时、定内容、定中心发言人；“四统一”，即统一要求、统一进度、统一练习、统一考核。教研组长有职责检查各备课组的备课情况和教学情况。6．

教学实践体现生物学科科学性与实践性统一的特点，坚持学科领域中的德育渗透；重视听取学生的意见，不断改进教学。7．

全组教师能按要求上教学研究课。课前要求至少本备课组进行集体备课，课后教研组内进行评议，重在指出不足，形成切磋研究的气氛。8．

注重教研组信息建设，按时完成各类报表。每学期都进行不少于5次的示范课，近期承担了“标准-教学-评价”一致性的全市示范课9．

切实做好带教工作，在常规新教师带教的基础上，发挥组内老教师及校外优秀师资的力量，对组内青年教师进行提高性带教。10．全组教师认真尽责做好考试命题和监考阅卷工作，力求不出差错。对于考试反映的学生学习情况及教师的教学情况要进行分析，做好反馈信息的调控。11.全组教师能积极探索科研活动，按时完成教科研任务。能充分运用现代化教学手段提高教学效益。研究落实生物学科拓展型课程和研究型、探究型课程的教学工作，协调组内教师根据各年级的特点，拟定课程内容、授课教师，选用合适的教学材料。三、落实教师教学基本功要求（一）基本技能与基本能力1、课程内容理解与