21世纪大学实用英语综合教程 第二册 Unit 5

wordword/word教案授课单元《21世纪大学实用英语》第二册Unit5本〔章〕节授课方式课堂讲授〔√〕实践课〔〕教学时数6课时授课要点本〔章〕节教学目标Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedtobeableto1.masterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytoaskifsomeonerememberssomething;2.understandthemainideasofTextAandTextB,andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandthewordsandexpressionsfoundintherelevantexercisesofthesetexts;4.knowthedifferencebetweencountableanduncountablenouns;knowhowtowriteanenvelope;5.understandparagraphdevelopmentintimeorder.教学重点和难点1.helpstudentsidentifythemainideaofeachparagraphandanalyzelanguagepointsanddifficultsentences;2.helpstudentsunderstandtheconversionsbetweencountableanduncountablenouns;3.helpstudentsappreciateparagraphdevelopmentintimeorder.思考题或作业pletecorrespondinglyExercises4to9aswellas14and15afterreadingTextsAandB.WriteenvelopesbydoingExercises11and12ofPracticalWriting;MasterparagraphdevelopmentintimeorderbydoingExercise17ofBasicReadingSkills.教学内容与组织安排1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)3rdperiodGrammarReview4thperiodPracticalWriting5thperiodTextB6thperiodImproveYourReadingSkillsPart1TextA(GlobalReading)StarterHaveyoueverwrittenorreceivedalovenote?Believeitornot,thisoldestformofexpressinglovestillworksthebestinthemodernworld.Supposeyouaregoingtowritealovenote.Whatwouldyouwanttosaytoyourlover?Discussthiswithyourclassmates.Afterthediscussion,Teacherasksseveralstudentstopresenttheir“lovenotes〞totheclassandreadthetwowell-knownlovenotesasfollows:WhenYouAreOldBYWilliambutleryeatsWhenyouareoldandgreyandfullofsleep,Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook,Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlookYoureyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowsdeep;Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,Andlovedyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue,Butonemanlovedthepilgrimsoulinyou,Andlovedthesorrowsofyourchangingface;Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars,Murmur,alittlesadly,howLovefledAndpaceduponthemountainsoverheadAndhidhisfaceamidacrowdofstars.朱生豪给妻子宋清如的情书中写道：“醒来觉得甚是爱你。这两天活得很快活，而且骄傲。你这人，有点太不可怕，尤其是，一点也不莫名其妙。〞“不要愁老之将至，你老了一定很可爱。而且，假设你老了十岁，我当然也同样老了十岁，世界也老了十岁，上帝也老了十岁，一切都是一样。〞ListentotheText.ListentoTextAandfindoutwhatthepreciouslegacywasandwhytheyweresoprecious.(Answer:Grandma’smemories./LovenotesfromGrandpaEdwinandGeneralPershing’spersonalhandwrittennote.)Part2TextA(DetailedReading)LanguagePointslegacyExamples:Mygrandmotherdiedandleftmeasmalllegacy.(moneyorpropertythatyouarrangeforsomeonetohaveafteryoudie)Thewarleftanenduringlegacyofbitternessandsuspicion.(somethingsuchasatraditionorproblemthatexistsasaresultofsomethingthathappenedinthepast)Perhapshermostimportantlegacywasherprogrammeofeducationalreform.(somethingthatsomeonehasachievedthatcontinuestoexistsaftertheystopworkingordie)proceeds收益,policy保险单,deed契约当这些词作为商务专业词汇〔businessterms〕时，与其作为普通词汇时的含义有别。bracelet手镯RelevantWords:pearl,jewelry,necklace,earring,ringcf.electric,electrical,electronicThesethreewordssharemuchmonground,andtheyareinterchangeableinmanyuses,butit’spossibletosketchroughdifferencesbetweenthem.Electrical

means

oforrelatingtoelectricity,andit’susedforthingsthatgenerateorprocesselectricity—forexample,electricalgeneratorsandelectricaloutlets.It’salsosimplyabroadtermforanythingthatuseselectricity.Devicesthatrunonelectricityareelectric—forexample,electriclights,electricheaters,electriccars.Electronic

describesdevicesthatmanipulateelectricalcurrentinternallythroughswitches.It’salsousedforvirtualformsofthingsthatweretraditionallyinthephysicalworld,suchaselectronicstoresandelectronicbooks.Ifthesedistinctionsareaccurate,thenallelectricandelectronicdevicesareelectrical,andallelectronicdevicesareelectric,butnotallelectricdevicesareelectronic.Inanycase,thesedistinctionsarenotalwaysborneoutinreal-worldusage.Inparticular,

electric

isoftenusedwherewemightexpecttosee

electrical.funeralReadthepoemquotedintheclassicfilmFourWeddingsandOneFuneralFuneralBluesBYW.H.AUDENStopalltheclocks,cutoffthetelephone,

Preventthedogfrombarkingwithajuicybone,

Silencethepianosandwithmuffleddrum

Bringoutthecoffin,letthemournerse.

Letaeroplanescirclemoaningoverhead

Scribblingontheskythemessage'HeisDead'.

Putcrepebowsroundthewhitenecksofthepublicdoves,

Letthetrafficpolicemenwearblackcottongloves.

HewasmyNorth,mySouth,myEastandWest,

MyworkingweekandmySundayrest,

Mynoon,mymidnight,mytalk,mysong;

Ithoughtthatlovewouldlastforever:Iwaswrong.

Thestarsarenotwantednow;putouteveryone,

Packupthemoonanddismantlethesun,

Pourawaytheoceanandsweepupthewood;

Fornothingnowcaneveretoanygood.astackofRelevantWords:apacketof,apileofpriceless-lesswordfamily:aimless,answerless,childless,careless,affectless,endless,fatherless,flameless,girlfriendlessmatureRelevantWords:maturity(noun)characterWhenMartinLutherKingsaidhelookedforwardtothedaywhenallAmericanswouldbejudgedsolely“bythecontentoftheircharacter,〞hewastalkingaboutaperson'sessentialqualities."Justbecauseyouareacharacterdoesn'tmeanyouhavecharacter,"aguycalledTheWolfadvisesayoungwomannamedRaquelinQuentinTarantino’sPulpFiction.Thelineillustratesthreedifferentsensesoftheword,whichcanmean“moralstrengthorreputation〞(whatRaquellacks),“apersoninaworkoffiction〞(whatTheWolfandRaquelliterallyare),or,byextension,“acolorfulpersonality〞(whatRaquelhas).Afourthusageis“thedistinctivenatureofapersonorthing,〞ameaningreflectedintheword'sorigins.InGreek,akharaktērwasastampingtool,usedtogivesomethingadistinctivemark.enrichen-wordfamily:encourage,endanger,enforce,enlist,enlarge,ennoble,ensure(en-作为前缀，把形容词／名词动词化，指“使…〞的含义)DifficultSentencesUntilthelawyerreadherwill,Ineverfullyappreciatedthedepthoftheoldlady’slove.直到律师宣读她的遗嘱的那一刻，我才充分感受到这位老妇人深深的爱。本句将从句置于主句之前，强调了时间概念。可以让学生用never…until〔直到…才〕造句。ItwasamomentIwillneverforget—adaythatmademetherichestkidintown.这是我永生难忘的时刻——这一天，我成了镇上最富有的孩子。Iwillneverforget作amoment的定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which。破折号后面的成分作amoment的同位语，起解释说明的作用。本文有好几处破折号后跟同位语的现象，见2，3，5段。…aguidebookthatwillteachyouhowtoloveawoman,howtounderstandpeople,andhowtorespectandmaintainyourintegrity.…指导你如何去爱一个女人，如何理解别人，如何重视并保持正直品格的指南。在修饰aguidebook的定语从句中，动词teach的直接宾语是三个并列的不定式短语。并列结构一般从短到长排列，起强调作用，增强句子的韵律和感染力。Whilehisloveisnowamemory,itisalsoarealdreamthatneverends.尽管他的爱现在已经成了回忆，但它也是一个永远不会完毕的真实的梦。本句中，连词while表示“虽然，尽管〞，详单于though或although，引导让步状语从句。〔DoExercise7〕Asforbeingvaluable,savetheenvelopes.说到这些信的价值，请把信封收藏好。〞Asfor〞isusedforintroducingasubjectthatisrelatedtowhatyouhavejustbeentalkingabout,e.g.Asforthechildren,theywerehappyenoughtospendalldayonthebeach.ThepersonalhandwrittennotefromGeneralPershingisevenmorevaluablethanthestamps.潘兴将军的亲笔信比邮票更加值钱。Even表示“比…更〞，与形容词或副词的比拟急连用，加强语气。〔DoExercise8〕pleteExercises4to9onpages164to167.Part3GrammarReviewIt'simportanttodistinguishbetweencountableanduncountablenounsinEnglishbecausetheirusageisdifferentinregardstobothdeterminersandverbs.Countablenounsareforthingswecancountusingnumbers.Theyhaveasingularandapluralform.Thesingularformcanusethedeterminer"a"or"an".Ifyouwanttoaskaboutthequantityofacountablenoun,youask"Howmany?"binedwiththepluralcountablenoun.Uncountablenounsareforthethingsthatwecannotcountwithnumbers.Theymaybethenamesforabstractideasorqualitiesorforphysicalobjectsthataretoosmallortooamorphoustobecounted(liquids,powders,gases,etc.).Uncountablenounsareusedwithasingularverb.Theyusuallydonothaveapluralform.Wecannotuse

a/an

withthesenouns.Toexpressaquantityofanuncountablenoun,useawordorexpressionlike

some,alotof,much,abitof,agreatdealof,orelseuseanexactmeasurementlike

acupof,abagof,1kgof,1Lof,ahandfulof,apinchof,anhourof,adayof.Ifyouwanttoaskaboutthequantityofanuncountablenoun,youask"Howmuch?"TrickySpotsBecarefulwiththeconversionsbetweencountableanduncountablenouns.Someuncountablenounscanbeconvertedtocountablenounswheni)referringtoindividualstuff,ii)havingspecificmodifiers,iii)withmeaningchanged.SomenounsarecountableinotherlanguagesbutuncountableinEnglish.Theymustfollowtherulesforuncountablenouns.Themostmononesare:

acmodation,advice,baggage,behavior,bread,furniture,information,luggage,news,progress,traffic,travel,trouble,weather,work.peteExercise10onpage168.Part4PracticalWritingHowtoaddressanenvelopewhenyouwritealetterinEnglish?Thephysicalappearanceofaletterconsistsofthepaperandtheenvelope.Thefirstthingarecipientseesistheenvelope.Itisessentialthatitshouldbeofsuitablequalitywiththenameandaddressspeltcorrectly.Thenameandaddressoftherecipientshouldbecenteredontheenvelopeorinthelowerrightpartofthefront.Makesuretheaddressbeginsfarenoughdownonthefaceoftheenvelopesothatitwillnotbecoveredbythepostmark.Thingstoincludeinamailingaddress:Line1:thereceiver’sname,followedbythecourtesytitle,jobtitleorrank.Line2:thenameofthepany,college,institutionorthebuilding.Line3:thestreet,withthehousenumberbeforeit.Line4:thecityandstate(orprovince),followedbythezipcode.Line5:thecountryitself.e.g.MissAbigailBeecherDepartmentofHistoryKlondikemunityCollege14BanksSt.Yellowknife,NTX1A2N3CanadaWhenusinganenvelopewithaprintedreturnaddress,youmusttypeorwritethenameofthewriteroftheletterimmediatelyabovetheprintedinformation.Alignthewriter’snameontheleftwiththisinformation.Ifdesired,thewriter’sjobtitlemaybeincludedafterhisorhername.ifyouareusingaplainenvelope,youmustaddthereturnaddressintheupperleftcorner.Starttypingorwritingonthethirdlinedownfromtopoftheenvelope.Thereturnaddressmustincludethenameofthewriter(yourname);thenameofyourpany,college,etc.,thestreetaddressorapostofficeboxnumber;andthecity,state(orprovince),andzipcode.pleteExercises11and12.Part5TextBSkimmingandScanningReadthetextquicklyanddrawacharactermap.PeteRichard:ownerofasmallshop,theloneliestmanintownPeteRichard’sex-girlfriend:diedinanaccidentJeanGrace:whoseblueeyesresemblePete’sex’sJeanGrace’ssister:ayoungwomanAnswerthequestionsonpage178.Post-readingActivitypleteExercises14and15.Workwithyourotherthreepartnersandactitout.(optional)Part6ImproveYourReadingSkills—ParagraphDevelopmentinTimeOrderDefinitionInpositionandspeech,timeorder

isamethodoforganization

inwhichactionsoreventsarepresentedastheyoccur(oroccurred)intime.Alsocalledchronologicaland

linearorder.Narratives

andprocessanalysisessaysmonlyrelyonchronologicalorder.MortonMillerpointsoutthatthe"naturalorderofevents—beginning,middle,andend—isnarration’ssimplestandmost-usedarrangement"(ReadingandWritingShortEssays,1980)."Timeorder,sometimescalledsequentialorderor

chronologicalorder,is

afrequentlyusedpatternininformativespeeches.Whenyouusetimeorder,youorganizeyourmainpointsinachronologicalsequenceorbystepsinaprocess.Thus,timeorderisappropriatewhenyouareexplaininghowtodosomething,howtomakesomething,howsomethingworks,orhowsomethinghappened."(RudolphF.Verderber,KathleenS.Verderber,andDeannaD.Sellnow,

TheChallengeofEffectiveSpeaking,15thed.

Wadsworth,2012)ExamplesChronologicalOrderinaNarrative

"EarlynextmorningIwaslyinginbed,whenanoldgentlemanridingabayhorsearrivedattheriver.Hewasdressedinafadedchocolategownfleckedwithrosesandtheendofhisturbanwaswrappedroundhisfaceoveraniron-greybeard.Acrossthesaddlehecarriedabrownlamb.Behindhim,onfoot,camehissonagedtwelve,flappingalonginagownofgeraniumredandawhiteturbanasbigashimself,andholdingastickwithwhichhedirectedtheprogressofablackeweandherblacklamb.

"Whenthepartyhadassembledattheford,theprocessofcrossingbegan.Firsttheoldmanrodeintothestream,withdifficultykepthishorse'sheadagainstit,anddepositedthebrownlambontheotherside.Whilehewasreturning,thechildcaughttheblacklamb.Thishegavetohisfather,whothenreenteredthewaterdanglingitbyonelegsothatitscreamed.Bleatinginsympathy,theewefollowed.Butthecurrentsweptherawayandlandedheronthebankshehadstartedfrom.Meanwhileheroffspring,nowsafeonthefurtherbankwiththebrownlamb,keptoncrying.Againtheoldmanreturned,andhelpedhissondrivethewetandshiveringeweahundredyardsupthebankabovetheford.Therethecurrentcaughtheroncemore,andlandedherneatlyattheforditself,thistimeonthefurtherside,whereshewaswarmlygreetedbybothlambs.Puttinghisfootonhisfather'sboot,thelittleboyhoppedupbehindhimandprobedthestreamwithhispoleastheycrossed,toseeifthebottomwasfirm.Ontheotherbankhedismounted,restoredthebrownlambtohisfather'ssaddle,settheeweandtheblacklambinmotion,andlaunchedintoaswingingtrot,withhisgeraniumgownflyingoutbehindhim.Thebayhorsefollowed,andtheprocesswaslostonthehorizon."

(RobertByron,

TheRoadtoOxiana.JonathanCape,1937)Observations"Inanykindofnarration,thesimplestapproachistosetdowneventsin

chronologicalorder,thewaytheyhappened.Todosoistohaveyourstoryalreadyorganizedforyou.Achronologicalorderisthereforeanexcellentsequencetofollowunlessyoucanseesomespecialadvantageinviolatingit."

(X.J.Kennedy,DorothyM.Kennedy,andJaneE.Aaron,

TheBedfordReader,7thed.Bedford/St.Martin's,