21世纪大学实用英语综合教程 第二册 Unit 7

wordword/word教案授课单元21世纪大学实用英语第2册第7单元本〔章〕节授课方式课堂讲授〔√〕实践课〔〕教学时数6授课要点本〔章〕节教学目标masterthebasiclanguageandskillsnecessarytofulfillobligations;understandthemainideasofTextA,TextBandTextC,andmastertheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothefirsttwotexts;knowhowtousethesubjunctivemood;knowhowtowriteapersonalletter;understandparagraphdevelopment.教学重点和难点backgroundinformation:JeandeLaFontaineandFairy;thePracticeofFulfillingObligations;identifythemainideaofeachparagraph;analyzessomedifficultsentencesandsomelanguagepoints;5.grammar:subjunctivemood思考题或作业vocabularystructuretranslation教学内容与组织安排1stperiodTextA(GlobalReading)2ndperiodTextA(DetailedReading)3rdperiodGrammarReview4thperiodPracticalWriting5thperiodTextB6thperiodImproveYourReadingSkills1stperiod TextA(GlobalReading)TellyourclassmateswhatyouwoulddointhefollowingsituationsandthenreadTextAtofindwhatanswerstheauthorgives.2ndperiod TextA(DetailedReading)Questionsforunderstandingofdeatails1)WhatdoestheauthorthinkMaryshoulddo?MaryshouldsaywhatshethinksdirectlytoHarry.2)Whyshouldpeoplebehonestaccordingtotheauthor?Becausehonestymakesthingssimple./Becausehonestyistheeasiestsolution.3)Insteadofbeinghonestwhentheymakemistakeswhatdopeopledo?Peopletrytocreatestoriesandexcuses.4)Whatwillhappentoyouifyouarehonestwithpeople?Youwillbenefitintheend.5)Whatisstrangeabouttheauthor’sfriendwhocametoseehimrecently?Hewouldn’ttelltheauthorhewantedworkthoughhecouldn’tevenpayhisrent.6)Itisreallynotthatplicated…Whyplicatelife?Byaskingforit.7)Howdoyoushowrespectbothtoothersandtoyourself?Behonestwithothers.SentenceAnalysis其实这事并不那么复杂……为什么要把生活复杂化呢？句中plicated是形容词，plicate是动词。问句是一句省略句，补充完整是：Whyshouldweplicatelife?Anotheralternative…“Harry,I’vebeenagonizingoverwhattosaytoyou.Ievenaskedmyfriendabouthowtotellyouthis—yousee,Ithinkyou’reaniceguybutIdon’twanttodateyou.〞还有一种选择……“哈里，我一直在发愁不知该怎么对你说。我甚至问过我的朋友该怎么把这话告诉你——你知道，我认为你这人相当不错，但我不想和你约会。〞anotheralternative后面补充完整是：anotheralternativetowhatyousay。this的同位语是破折号后面的一句话。date是动词，意为“与…约会〞。It’snotthathumanitywillloveyoumoreifyoudon’ttelllies,butthathonesty,withtact,istheeasiestsolution.这倒不是因为如果你不撒谎，人们就会更爱你，而是因为诚实，再带点技巧，是最容易的解决方法。It’snotthat…butthat…意思为“这并不是〔因为〕…而是〔因为〕…〞。Youcouldgotogreatlengthstocreatestoriesandexcuses…你可以绞尽脑汁编造谎言和借口……在这里，createstories意为“编造谎言〞，stories意为“谎言〞。Itisnofuntellingyouthisbutyourproposalsarenowatthecitydump!告诉你这件事绝非趣事，但现在你的提案已在城市垃圾场里了!Isn’titstrange?Itreferstothestrangebehavioroftheauthor’sfriend.it指后面一句〔Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.〕的内容。theyknowwhereyoustand:他们了解你的立场Ifiguredhewasonasocialvisit.我猜他就是来看看我。onasocialvisit意为“社交性访问〞。Hadhesaid,“IlostmyjobandIneedsomework,〞Icouldhavehelpedhim.Isn’titstrange?Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.如果他说：“我丢了工作，我需要工作，〞我本可以帮他。这不奇怪吗？他甚至不肯告诉我他需要工作，而那时他连房租都付不起。句中Hadhesaid等于Ifhehadsaid。Intheliterarystyle,thestructures“wereI/you/heetc.,shouldI/you/he/etc.andhadI/you/he/etc.〞areusedinsteadof“ifI/you/he/etc.were,ifI/you/he/etc.shouldandifI/you/he/etc.had.〞在较正式的文体里，wereI/you/heetc.,shouldI/you/he/etc.和hadI/you/he/etc.可以替代ifI/you/he/etc.were,ifI/you/he/etc.should和ifI/you/he/etc.had。e.g.Wereshemydaughter,IcouldsuggestseveralstepsIconsidergoodtotake.HadIrealizedwhatyouintended,Iwouldnothavewastedmytimetryingtoexplainmatterstoyou.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.Whatdoyousay?=Doyoulikeit?Doyouagreetomysuggestion?你喜欢吗？你同意我的建议吗？Also,ifyoudon’tknowsomething,behonestaboutit.还有，如果某件事你不知道，就诚实地说不知道。also在这里是修饰整个句子的副词，放在句首，后用逗号，表示增加一个相关事实。WordsandExpressionspayoff:(ofariskypolicy,courseofaction,etc.)bringgoodresult;provesuccessful,rewarding,orworthwhile;work〔冒险的政策、做法等〕带来好结果；取得成功；值得；行得通e.g.Herhardworkpaidoffwhenshegotabigraise.Theirmorecarefulmethodpaidoffintheend.takesb.out:takesb.somewhereforexerciseorrecreation带某人出去消遣、娱乐e.g.Hermothertookheroutfortheday.Myboyfriendtookmeouttoafancyrestaurantforlunch.havesth./nothing/etc.inmon:havesome/no/etc.interests,beliefs,etc.thatareequallyshared有一些/毫无共同之处；有一些/没有共同的兴趣、信念等e.g.Hehasnothinginmonwithhiswife;forexample,helikestostayathomeandshelikestogooutandenjoyherself.JaneandIhavemuchinmon.=IhavemuchinmonwithJane.mon:a.usualorfamiliar;happeningorfoundoftenandinmanyplaces;sharedby,belongingtoordonebytwoormorepeople普通的；通常的；公有的；共同〔做〕的e.g.CatsaremonpetsinEngland.Itisquitemonforhimtotalkinhissleep.agonise/agonize:vi.suffergreatanxietyorworryintensely极度忧虑〔或担心〕e.g.Sheagonizedfordaysaboutwhethersheshouldtakethejob.Stopagonizingoversomethingyoucandonothingabout.plicated:adj.(ofamachine,thought,actionetc)verydifficulttounderstand复杂的e.g.TherulesareveryplicatedandIdoubtifmanypeoplecanunderstandthem.Itallsoundsveryplicated.alternative:n.choiceoftwoormorepossibilities;oneoftwoormorepossibilities两者〔或多者〕择一，取舍，抉择；供选择的东西e.g.Wehavetwoalternatives.Hisideaseemedtoofferapossiblealternativetosurgery.date:v.meetregularlywithsb.oftheoppositesex约会e.g.MaryisdatingMark.Idon’tliketheideaofmydaughterdatingwhenshe’ssoyoung.humanity:n.humanbeingscollectively;thehumanrace;people［总称］人；人类；人们e.g.Thedeathsofsomanypeopleinthewarwasdescribedasacrimeagainsthumanity.Humanitywasthreatenedbyanotherworldwar.tact:n.skillatnotoffendingpeopleoratgaininggoodwillbysayingordoingtherightthing〔处事、言谈等的〕圆通，乖巧，机敏；外交手腕e.g.Helpingpeoplewhohavemarriageproblemsrequiresagreatdealoftactandpatience.Iwishyou’dusedalittlemoretactwhenyoutoldherabouthercatdying.solution:n.answertoaproblem,question,difficulty,etc.〔问题、疑难等的〕解答；答案；解决方法e.g.Theyhaveworkedoutaquicksolutionfordealingwiththeproblem.Theywereseekingasolutiontothecity’strafficproblem.Let’ssay:let’ssuppose;forexample让我们假定；比如说e.g.Let’ssaythejourneytakesthreehours,thatmeansyou’llarriveat2o’clock.TakeanyChinesepoet,let’ssayLiBai,andstudythewayhedescribesemotions.insteadof:intheplaceof;insubstitutionfor;ratherthan代替；而不是e.g.Sincehe’sill,I’mgoinginsteadofhim.Insteadofstoppingwhenthepolicemanshouted,heranaway.gotogreatlengths(todosth.):(bepreparedto)doeverythingonecan(toachievesth.)〔为达到目的〕不遗余力，竭尽全力；不顾一切e.g.Hewenttogreatlengthstogetaphotoofthequeen.Nowtakegoodcareofthisbook;Iwenttogreatlengthstogetacopyforyou.length:n.measurementorextentfromendtoend长，长度e.g.Thetableisatleasttwelvefeetinlength.Hemeasuredthelengthandwidthofthetable.Thesefishcanreachalengthofovertwometres.createstories:编造谎言。stories意为“谎言〞。e.g.Theboysayshelivesinabighousewithaswimmingpool,butIthinkhe’stellingstories.idiot/5IdI[t/:n.veryfoolishperson;fool白痴；傻瓜，笨蛋，糊涂虫e.g.Someidiotleftthetaprunninginthebathroomandthere’swatereverywhere.Youstupididiot—that’samonth’sworkyou’velost!fun:n.amusement,enjoyment;thatwhichcausesamusementormerriment娱乐，快乐；有趣的人〔或物〕e.g.Idon’tseeanyfunoflearningtoplaythepiano.OurEnglishteacherisgreatfunandwealllikeposal:n.actofsuggestingorputtingforward;thingthatissuggested提议；建议e.g.Thegovernmentbroughtforwardanewsetofproposalsonhumanrights.e.g.Iweletheproposalconcerningtheuseoftheland.dump:n.placewhererubbishmaybeunloadedandleft;rubbish-heap垃圾场；垃圾堆e.g.takewastetothedumptrashn.rubbish;garbage;thingsthatonethrowsaway废物；垃圾admire:vt.regardwithrespect,warmapproval,delight,etc.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕e.g.Youhavetoadmiretheircourage.Icouldn’thelpbutadmirehisdetermination.whereyoustand:whatisyourattitude你的立场giveittosb.straight:tellsb.sth.(usu.sth.unpleasantorcritical)inapletelyfrankway对某人直言不讳e.g.Togiveittoyoustraight,Idon’tthinkshe’stherightpersonforthejob.Igaveittohimstraight—Isaid“Look,I’vegotaboyfriendalreadyandI’mnotinterested,allright?!〞hangaround:staynearinanidleway;remainidlinginaplace闲呆着；在某处闲荡e.g.ThebuswaslatesoIhadtohangaroundthebusstationforawholehour.“Sowhatareyoudoinghere?〞“Me,nothing—I’mjusthangingaround.〞onasocialvisit:社交性的访问social:a.oforinsociety;ofordesignedforpanionshipandrecreation社会的；社交的，交际的e.g.IhadsuchagoodsociallifewhenIwasatcollege.MostBritishschoolsorganizesocialeventsforthestudents.Isn’titstrange?Itreferstothestrangebehavioroftheauthor’sfriend.it指后面一句〔Themanwouldn’teventellmethatheneededwork.Meanwhile,hecouldn’tpayhisrent.〕的内容。meanwhile/5mi:n(h)waIl/:ad.inthetimebetweentwoevents;atthesametime其间；与此同时e.g.Shehidunderthetable—meanwhile,thesoundofbootsonthestairswasingnearer.ThepartyisonTuesday;meanwhileIhavetoshopandcook.rent/rent/:n.regularpaymentmadefortheuseofsth.,e.g.ahouse,land租金；房租；地租e.g.Howmuchdoyoupayinrenteverymonth?Hecouldn’taffordtherentbyhimself.fellow:n.［infml］manorboy;chap［口］男人；男孩；小伙子；家伙hassle:vt.harass;annoy;bother〔不断〕打扰；使烦恼；烦扰e.g.She’llhasslemeuntilIagreetowritetheletterforher.HehassledmesomuchthatIdecidednottoseehimforawhile.fascinating:a.havinggreatattractionorcharm有极大吸引力的；look/soundfascinatinge.g.Whatwasfascinatingtomewasthewaytheanimalmoves.charm:n.powerofpleasing,fascinatingorattractingpeople;attractiveness;pleasingorattractingfeatureorquality魅力；引人喜爱的特征；迷人的特征e.g.Hisnaturalcharmmadehimverypopular.awomanofgreatcharmTheideaofbeingafarmerhaslostitscharmformebythistime.charming:a.havingorshowingcharm;delightful迷人的；妩媚的，可爱的；令人高兴的e.g.Shelookedsmallandgentleandaltogethercharming.Theyhadacharminglittlecottagebytheriver.exasperating:a.extremelyannoying使人恼怒的；激怒人的e.g.exasperatingdelaysTimeaftertime,herefusedtohelp;it’ssoexasperating.inanutshell:(expresssth.)verysimply,directlyandinafewwordsonly简明扼要地〔说〕，概括地〔说〕；简而言之e.g.“Isheingwithus?〞“Inanutshell,no.〞Well,toputitinanutshell,we’regoingtohavetostartagain.nut/nQt/:n.fruitconsistingofahardshellwithakernelinsideitthatcanbeeaten坚果shell/Fel/:n.hardoutercoveringofeggs,ofnutkernels,ofsomeseedsandfruits,andofanimalssuchasoysters,snails,crabsandtortoises〔蛋、坚果、种子、果实以与牡蛎、蜗牛、蟹、龟等的〕壳nutshell/5nQtFel/:n.hardcoveringaroundthekernelofanut坚果外壳tactful:a.havingorshowingtact圆通的，乖巧的，机敏的e.g.She’sverytactfulwhenshedealswithstudentsandtheirproblems.Itwouldbetactfulnottoaskheraboutherexam.tellitlikeitis:［sl,infml］behonest;tellthetruth说实话；实话实说colleague:n.personwithwhomoneworks,esp.inaprofessionorbusiness同事3rdperiod GrammarReview非真实性条件句(TheSubjunctiveMood)虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜想、建议等。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在非真实性条件句中，假设的条件与事实相反，或实现的可能性很小，或讲话人主观上对此表示怀疑，谓语动词使用虚拟语气。4thperiod PracticalWritingPersonalLetters(2)Thesedays,increasedaccesstothetelephoneandhasresultedinpeoplewritingfewerletters,butpeoplestillenjoyreceivingandreadingletters.InformalStyleKnowledgeofappropriatestylesoflanguageisanimportantsocialskillandonethatteacherscanhelpstudentsdevelop.Ifyouarewritingaquicknotetoafriend,youdonotneedtoworrytoomuchaboutusingthecorrectformatortoincludeyouraddress.Givenbelow,however,isthelayoutforapersonal(love)letter.1735StantonAve.Richmond,VA22045May15,2004MyDearCheryl,Lovingyouissoeasy.TherearesomanyreasonswhyIloveyou…Thelittlethingsyoudo,thesimplegesturesyoumake,thefeelingsandthoughtsthatyousharewithme.Iadorethewayyoulook,thewayyoumove,andyourinfectioussmile.Therearesomanythingstoloveaboutyou!DoyouknowIloveitwhenyoudaydreamandyouthinknooneiswatching?DoyouknowIlovethewayyoureyessparklewhenyoutellafunnystory?DoyouknowthatIlovetheshapeofyourears?Icouldgoonandon.It’simportanttomethatyouknowthatIloveyou—andhowmuchIloveyou.Sowhateveritisthatyouaredoing,thinkingorsaying,asyougoaboutyourday—knowthatIamtherewithyou,lovingyou.MuchLove,NathanFriendlylettersdonothavetobeasformalorseriousasbusinessletters,sincenormallytheywillbewrittentopeopleyouknow.Itisstillagoodideatokeepyouraudienceinmind,however—don’tuseslangifyouarewritingtoyourprofessorsorbosses,ortoomanyformalexpressionsifyouarewritingtoaclosefriend.Forexample:DearFudge,Hey,howisitgoinginFlorida?Hopeyou’rehavinggreatweather.Youwouldn’tbelievethesnowywinterwe’vehad!Yuk!Imissgoingtotheparkintheafternoon.So,what’snewwithyou?Areyougoingtotryoutforanyspringsports?Whatnewgamesdidyougetforyourbirthday?Hopeyouenjoyedthegiftwesentyou.Can’twaituntilweedowntovisityouatspringbreak.Let’sgotoUniversalStudiosagain.Catchyoulater,ScooterDearUncleAdam,ThanksverymuchfortheCDvoucheryousentmeformybirthday.Iboughtthesoundtrackfrom“Titanic〞withit,forIreallylovedthemovie.We’vegotaweek-longstudybreakinJune,andMumsaidImightgetmoreworkdoneifIcamedownandstayedwithyou.Shedoesn’twantallmymatestokeepringingmeupandaskingmeout.CouldIedownonSaturday(the8th)andstayfortheweek?Youdon’tneedtopickmeupfromthebusstation.I’llgetataxi.Ifthat’scoolwithyou,givemeabuzzthisweekendandI’lltellMumshecanrelax.Seeyousoon(Ihope).Luv,Teri5thperiod TextBQuestionsAboutParagraphs1)Whydidthewoodcutteralwayswhistlehappily?Becausehebelievedhecouldearnenoughtoraisehischildren.2)Howwasthewoodcutterworkingoneday?Hehadbeen/wasworkingveryhard.3)Whathappenedtotheaxewhenthemantrippedoveraroot?Theaxesliddownthebankandintotheriver.4)Whocametohelphim?Thewaterfairyoftheriver.5)Whatdidthewaterfairydoaftersheunderstoodhistrouble?Shesankintotherivertopickuphisaxeforhim.6)Whatdidthewoodcuttersaywhenhesawthesilverandgoldaxes?Hetoldthewaterfairytheaxeswerenothis.7)Whatwasthewoodcutter’sreward?Hisoldaxeaswellasthesilverandgoldaxes.8)Whydidthewaterfairyrewardhim?Becausehetoldherthetruth.LanguagePointswoodman:n.personwholivesinthewoods,asahunter,woodcutter,etc.林区人；伐木人；樵夫retell:vt.tell(astory,etc.)again,inadifferentwayorinadifferentlanguage再讲，重述；以不同方式〔或语言〕复述e.g.retellthetextGermanfairystoriesretoldinEnglishout:ad.“Out〞isusedtoemphasizethedistancethatsomeoneorsomethingisfromatownorcity.out用来强调远离城镇的地方。e.g.Idon’twanttoliveanyfurtherout.Shelivesoutinavillage,tenmilesaway.silent:a.makinglittleornosound寂静的；无声的e.g.thesilentdeserttheoldsilentmoviesparkle:vi.shinebrightlywithflashesoflight闪耀；闪烁e.g.Thesunlightsparkledonthesurfaceofthewater.Hereyessparkledasshelaughed.trudge:vi.walkslowlyorwithdifficultybecauseoneistired,etc.步履困难地走；疲累〔或费力〕地走e.g.trudgingslowlybacktotheofficeTogethomefromthestationwehadtotrudgeoneandahalfkilometersoverroughroads.whistle:v.吹口哨e.g.Hewaswhistlingafamiliartune.Icouldhearherwhistlingtoherselfinthekitchen.Hewhistledtohisdogtoeback.aslongas:onconditionthat;providedthat只要，如果e.g.Aslongasshe’sincontroltherewillalwaysbeproblems.Wewereperfectlywarmaslongasthesunwasshining.IcaneaslongasIcanleaveat4:30p.m.bread:在这里，bread不取本意，而是指一家人的生计。e.g.Heearnedhisbreadasatopbankerinthecity.Gardeningismybreadandbutteratthemoment.poem:n.pieceofcreativewritinginverse诗fable:n.shortstory,oftenwithanimalsascharacters,thatconveysamoral寓言woodcutter:n.personwhocutsdowntreesasanoccupation伐木人；樵夫Fontaine让·德·拉封丹〔1621—1695，法国寓言诗人。以《寓言诗》12卷闻名于世〕Aesop伊索〔公元前6世纪古希腊寓言作家，善讲寓言故事，经后人汇编成现在流传的《伊索寓言》〕chip:n.thinpiececutorbrokenofffromwood,stone,glass,etc.〔木、石、玻璃等上削或碰下的〕屑皮；碎片e.g.Woodchipsfleweverywhere.potatochipswoodchopper:n.personwhochopswood,esp.onewhofellstrees伐木者；砍柴人，樵夫ringing:Here“ringing〞isusedtodescribethesoundofchopping.Theringingaxeactuallymeansthesoundoftheaxechopping.在本句中，ringingaxe指斧头砍伐发出响声。echo1.n.reflectionandrepetitionofasoundfromawallorinsideanenclosedspace回声e.g.Thebatinstinctivelyparesthesoundofitscrywiththesoundofthereturningecho.Theechoslowlydiedaway.2.vi.(ofsounds)berepeatedasanecho;(ofplaces)repeatasound〔声音〕回响；〔地方〕发出回声，产生回响e.g.Thesoundechoedthroughthetallemptyhouse.Theirvoicesechoedbackacrossthewater.youmighthavethought…人们会以为……Here“you〞meanspeopleingeneral.在这里，you泛指“人们〞。e.g.Youlearnfromexperience.Youmeetalotofpeoplethroughwork.dozen:n.setoftwelve〔一〕打，十二个e.g.I’llhaveadozeneggs.eggssoldbythedozenatwork:workingorengagedinwork在工作；在干活，在劳动e.g.Shewasn’tatworktoday.She’shardatworkonanotherbook.byandby:beforelong;afterawhile不久；过一会儿e.g.He’snotreadyyet,butdon’tworry,he’llbeherebyandby.Byandbywearrivedatalargebuildingonacorner.awhile:ad.forashorttime一会儿；片刻e.g.Hewaitedawhile.I’dliketorestawhilebeforewecontinuewalking.tripover:catchone’sfooton(andfall)被…绊了一下；被…绊倒e.g.Shetrippedovertheedgeofthecarpet.Don’tleavetoysonstairswheresomeonecouldtripandfall.slide:(slid/slId/)v.(causesth.to)movesmoothlyalonganeven,polishedorslipperysurface〔使某物〕滑动；〔使〕滑行e.g.Tearsslidslowlydownhispalecheeks.Thedrawersslideinandouteasily.Sheslidthekidintothecarseat.Workersslidboxesacrossthefloor.forest:n.largeareaoflandthicklycoveredwithtrees,bushes,etc.森林axe:n.toolwithahandleandaheavymetalbladeusedforchoppingwood,cuttingdowntrees,etc.斧；斧子gaze:vi.looklongandsteadilyorfixedly(atsb./sth.),usu.insurpriseoradmiration盯着看；凝视e.g.Shesatgazingoutofthewindow.Shegazedadmiringlyupathim.fairy:n.smallimaginarybeingwithmagicalpowers仙子；小精灵stream:n.smallriverorlargebrook小河；溪流surface:n.outsideofanobject;topofabodyofliquid外表；水面e.g.theglassysurfaceofthewaterTheringslowlysankbeneaththesurfaceoftheswimmingpool.Onthesurfacehiswordswerefunny,butIsensedalotofangerbehindthem.sorrow:n.feelingofsadnessordistresscausedesp.byloss,disappointmentorregret;grief;particularcauseforthisfeeling;misfortune悲伤，悲痛，悲哀，伤心；悲伤的原因；伤心事，不幸的事e.g.Ifeltnosorrowforher.hideone’ssorrowTohisgreatsorrowhecouldnotrememberhismother.hissorrowathavingtoleavetheschooltearsofsorrowatimeofsorrowatonce:withoutdelay;immediately立刻；马上e.g.Grace,whosemindisalwaysfreefromcare,fellasleepatonce.ehereatonce.sink:(sank,sunk)vi.godownunderthesurfaceofaliquidorsoftsubstance下沉；沉没e.g.Wewatchedtheboatsinkbeneaththewaves.Ourfeetsankdeepintothesoftsandaswewalked.beneath:prep.inortoalowerpositionthan;under在…下方；在…下面；往…下方，往…下面e.g.thewetgrassbeneathherfeetShequicklyhidthebookbeneaththecushions.Beneaththatcalmappearanceofhersisalotofanger.reappear:vi.appearagain(afterbeingabsentornotvisible)再出现e.g.Thatcouplelefttheneighborhood,thenreappearedayearlater.Theproblemskeepreappearing.bemadeof:由…制成e.g.Theearringsaremadeofgold.steel:n.stronghardalloyofironandcarbon,muchusedformakingvehicles,tools,knives,machinery,etc.钢shake:(shook/FJk/,shaken/5FeIk[n/)vt.cause(sb./sth.)tomovefromsidetosideorupanddown摇，摇动shakeone’shead:turnone’sheadfromsidetosideasawayofindicating“no〞,ortoexpressdoubt,sorrow,disapproval,etc.摇头〔表示否认、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成等〕e.g.WhenIaskedmydadifIcouldborrowhiscar,hejustshookhishead.Joannashookherheadatherson’sbadbehaviour.silver:n.chemicalelement,ashinywhitepreciousmetalusedforornaments,jewelry,coins,utensils,etc.银，某某missing:a.thatcannotbefoundorthatisnotinitsusualplace;lost找不到的；缺掉的，缺少的；失踪的e.g.abookwithsomepagesmissingThreebuttonsweremissingfromhisshirt.Fourchildrenweremissingfromclasstoday.NotesontheTextOnceuponatime,outinthegreen,silentwoodsneararushingriverthatfoamedandsparkledasithurriedalong,therelivedapoorwoodcutterwhoworkedhardtomakealivingforhisfamily.从前，在远离城市的一座寂静的绿色树林里，在一条水流湍急、泛着白沫、闪着银光的河边，住着一位贫穷的樵夫，他为了全家人的生计而努力地工作着。Onceuponatime常用于童话开头。out用来强调远离城镇的地方。Healwayswhistledhappilyashewent,becausehewasthinkingthataslongashehadhishealthandhisaxe,hecouldearnen