定语从句-2010年专升本-英语复习

GrammarTheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句及其相关概念;关系代词引导的定语从句;关系副词引导的定语从句;限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句定语从句及其相关概念定语从句定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。例如：Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。常用的关系代词有:who/whom(指人)，whose(指人的或物的),which(指物),that(指人或物)。关系代词在从句中做主语,宾语和定语。关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用。ThestorythatyoureadisTheRescue.由关系代词引导的定语从句I.That在从句中作主语或宾语1.指物Theplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.2.指人Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.II.Which在从句中作主语或宾语(指物）Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.III.Who,whom在从句中作主语和宾语（指人）TheforeignerwhovisitedoutschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.在英语里，把介词放在关系代词前的用法更加正式。通常情况下介词放在关系代词和动词的后面。2.关系代词的介词的选用，必须依据从句中谓语动词的搭配，先行词的需要，或者句子所要表达的全部意义来确定。TheladderonwhichIwasstandingbegantoslip.我站的那个梯子开始滑动。（stand与on搭配）Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworkedtenyears.(in与thefactory搭配）试把下面的两个句子合成一个句子。1.Westayedatthehotel.Thehotelwasnearthestation.Thehotel

westayedwasnearthestation.

Thestationwherewestayedwasnearthestation.2.Italkedtoafriendlyoldman.ThemanwasChinese.Theman

ItalkedtowasChinese.Theman

ItalkedwasChinese.3.Ilookedatthepainting.ThepaintingwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh.Thepainting

IlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh.IV.whose在从句中作定语(指人也能指物）MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.Thebikewhosebrakewasdamagedhasbeennowrepaired.注：1)that和which在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。Whom也常可省略。Theplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2)关系代词whom，which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。如：Theathletetowhomyoutalkedisafamousrunner.Theathletewhomyoutalkedtoisafamousrunner.但含有介词的短语动词一般不分开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：Isthisthewatchheislookingfor?Theoldmanwhomthenursearelookingafterisverywellnow.3)关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中相关介词的后面。如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.Thecityinwhichshelivesisveryfaraway.4)关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。如：Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分使用that的情况：1.当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,everyone,everybody,nobody,anyone,anybody等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。Eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.5.当先行词又有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.只能使用which的情况1.非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2.在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3.当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.Exercises1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin____youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.

5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.6.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.关系副词引导的定语从句When指时间Istillremembertheday

whenIfirstcametoBeijing.We’llneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Where指地点Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Why指原因Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyshewaslateforschool.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句定语从句分两种:限制性定语从句(RestrictiveAttributiveClauses)和非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauses)比较如下两组句子：1)PeoplewhospeakSpanishworkthere.(Whoworkthere?)John,whospeaksSpanish,worksthere.2)ThevillagewhereIwasbornisbeautiful.(Whichvillageisbeautiful?)Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isbeautiful.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

的区别限制性定语从句1.与主句关系密切2.不可省3.无逗号与主句分开4.常译作定语

非限制性定语从句1.只是对先行词词义的补充2.省去不影响主句意思3.用逗号于主句分开4.常译为并列句或从句5指物或事只能用which

限制性定语从句的翻译Myfatherisamanwhomyoucandependon误译:我爸爸是个人,你可以信赖.正译:我爸爸是个你可以信赖的人.Heisamanthatpeoplelikeatfirstsight.误译:他是一个人,人们一见就喜欢.正译:他是一个人们一见就喜欢的人.非限制性定语从句的翻译Myfather,whoisnowonvisittoSuzhou,phonedusyesterday.误译:我去苏州访问爸爸昨天给我们打来了电话.正译:我爸爸去苏州访问了,他昨天给我们打来了电话.Heisaveryableman,whosesonisanengineer.误译:他是一个儿子是工程师,是个能力很强的人.

正译:他是个能力很强的人,其儿子是个工程师.注:非限制性定语从句还可以修饰整个主句,一般由which和as引导.Which译成“这…”，as译成“正如...”。Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太阳照热了大地，这就使植物得以生长。Theearthgoesroun