(完整版)构词法练习及其答案

高考能力测试构词法WordFormation一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(—)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。(1)合成adj方式例词AM各宿11adj+adjred-hot构成方式例词2adj+nfirst-class, full—time,part-time1n+vday-dream2adv+vovercome,upturn翻起3adj+现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,3adj+vwhite-washS'A占n4adj+过去分词ready-made\nj'口刀々n构成方式例词1n+nhorseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,5adj+n—edgood-tempered, middle-aged,cold-blooded2adj+nback-yard,forehead,6n+n-ediron-willed3动名词+nhiding place,reading-room7n+adjworld—famous,day—long8n+现在分词beautyloving, freedom-loving,job-hunting,4v+advget—off,breakin,5adv+voutput,overflow9n+过去分词man—made,water—covered,(4)合成advhowever,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,(6)合成介词inside在 里10adv+adjever—green11adv+现在分词hard-working,far-seeing12adv+过去分词well—prepared, quickly—cured,well—known13num+nfive—year后缀例词14num+n+adjfive-year—old-alcentral,industrial,national,natural15num+过去分词four-legged,six—storied—anEuropean,American,Australian形容词—erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible一fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish—ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various二、派生Derivation前缀含义例词a-处在……arise,aside,aloneen—使可能enrich,enable,enslavedis—不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagreeun—不，做相反动作unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untiein—im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable ,Linpatient,incorrectimpossible, impersonal,impolite, immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non—existent,non—interference,non—conductor,non-stopde-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散），defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis一错误的，坏的misdoingsmisunderstand,misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist, co—operate,co-educationex以前的ex-husband,ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph,telescopesuper在上面，超级supermarket,superpower,under在……之下underline,underestimate,underground,inter相互，之间international, interact,inter—changesub—下，次subtitle, submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans过，穿过，变transformation（变形），translatevice副vice—premier,vice-president—aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important—entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent—lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly一ishchildish,foolishsemi-半semifinal, semicircle,semi-automaticbi两个bicycle,biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形，tricycle三轮脚踏车，triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply,multi-national,multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre,kilogram三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形，而副由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 词1。名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话一打电后缀例词动词—izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen—fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后缀例词-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward—lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly话，mirror镜子一像镜子一样反映，drink喝一饮料，record录音-记录，name,date,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3。名词转化为形容词（副词） front前面-前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief主要的-—首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目.特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中,对词汇掌握的要求越来越高.检测构词法,在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词,而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词,只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。.Thatmanwasenoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A。careB.carefulcarelessDcarelessness2。Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohisisheavierthanMountTai。A。dieB.deadC。diedD。death3。Thechildlookedathisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB。sadnessC.sadlysad4。Heisanexpertatchemistry。Weallcallhima。A.chemistryB.chemicalC。chemisD.physician.Thethree- chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff。A。leggingB。leggedC.legsD.leged.Stephensonbecamethe railwayengineerintheworld。A。leadB。leaderC.leadingD.leadership。Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklookedaboutathisclassmates。A.proud B.proudly C。pride D.pridely.Toeveryone's,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A。satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD。satisfaction9。一Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageaboutinEnglish。—YoucanwritepassageinEnglish？A。600words；a600-wordsB.600—word；a600—wordsCo600words；a600-word D.600words；a600—words.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe ofthepolice。A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11Youmustcomewithustothepolice.Ourheadiswaitingforyou。A。headquartersB。headlineC。headmasterD。headache12。Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit.A。intendB。intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswithasmile.A。practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced.The orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe newsaboutIraqWar？A.latelyB。latestC.laterD。latter.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin。A.longerB。lengthC.longD.longing17。Tomy，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC。joylessD。joynessCanadaismainlyancountry.AoEnglish—speakingB.speak-EnglishCospoken—EnglishDoEnglish-spokenHow heis!Heisalwaysacting .Heisreallya 。Aofoolish;foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;foolC。foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool20oThenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive°It'sofgreat。A。valuableB。valueCovaluelessD。unvaluable21oTherewerefishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A。indangerB.dangerC。dangerousD.dangerless22oTheletter"b"intheword“doubt"is.A.soundB°silentC.silenceDosounded23.Thechildlookedatme。A。strangerB.strangely C。strangeD。strangeless24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheirbravely.A。freeB.freelyCofreedomD。frees25oWhatyousaidsoundedbutinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB。reasonfulC.reasonlessD。unreason26.Wehavetolearntechnologyfromothercountries.A。advanceB。advancingC。advantageDoadvanced27oThechildrenliveinavillage。Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A。nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD。nearby28oMrBlackisaninthearmy,notaninthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis .A。official;officer；officeB。officer;office;officialC。official；official;officialD.officer;official;office29.You'dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep。A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30ospeaking,Ididn'tdoitonpurpose。AoHonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyDoDishonest1.Itsoundslikeagoodplan,buttherearesome difficultiesincarryingitout。A.practicedB。practicalC。practiceD.practicingHisfatherpossessesafactory,whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.A.paper—make B.paper—makingC.papers-made D.paper—madeoMarxlefthishomelandforsomereasons.A.politicallyB。politicsC.politicalD.politician34oIt'stopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking°He'sverystubborn。A。possibleB。possiblyC.impossibleD。impossibilityDancaughttwo birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill inthecage.Aoalive;liveB.live;liveC.live;alive D.alive;aliveThedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas__andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest。A.hopeBohopedCohopefulD.hopelessAnnfeltso thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepCosleepD.sleeping38oWestoodthere atthe sightoA.frightened；frightfulBofrighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningDofrightful；fright39oThedoctor’sadvice himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedBocouragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40I’dliketobuyahouse,modern，comfortableandaboveallinaquiet_oAoneighbourBoneighbourhoodConeighboursDneighbour’sllo改错练习（每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正）1.TheMiludeerarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitforhimatall.It’stoolongandthecolorhasruno.Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed..Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople..Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea..Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms..Personal,I'dratherstayathomewatchingTVo 8.Becauseofherill，shecan’tgooutforthesight—seeingo9oThankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.It’sreallydustinthisroomoIt’salongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinito11oWealldon’tknowhowdarkhappens. 12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadito13oSheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethiefo14.Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.15.Thecaptainmadeanapologizetothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweathero16oIwishthatyoucouldinterviewthesejournalswhocomeo 17oCoralisnotaplantbutavariousofanimallifeo8.Inmyopinion,Harryisthemostsuitfulpersonforthejob.19.Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor..Thismeetingisofgreatimportanttoallofus.21oTherecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistanto.Whenhegottothedestination，hewasquiteoutofbreathe.23.Traditionallyspeaking，RussiaisaEuropecountryo.“Actual”means“infact”，andwecanalsouse“asamatteroffact".25.ItispossibletopersuadeAdamtogiveupthatdecide.26oThedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewascomfortableaftertheoperationo27oSomepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely..TheChinesegovernmenttreasurethefriendlybetweenthepeopleoftwocountriesandwearewaitingforapeacefulsettlementofthismattero 29oShewasafraidofhighanddarednotjumpoutoftheplane.30oHermotherdiedofhungryaftertheflood. 31oIbetyouaremistakethistimeo.Themansaidthathewasmerelyapass-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccidento33o—Doyoufollowme?—Yes，perfect..PersonalpossessofgunscauseslotsoftroublesintheUSA.35oThegreatestwealthyis

beingcontentwithalittle.。Ibelieveourdreamthathumanswilltraveltoandfromthemoonwillcometruthoneday..Failisthemotherofsuccess. 38.Everyyearmillionsofvisiterscometovisitthedams.39。TheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialistandhaveachievedgreatprogress.40.Peopleallwentuptooffertheircongratulateontheirwinningthekeymatch.前后缀“冰山一角”练习一.形容词后缀1-ous结尾advantage ambition__anxiety continue courage _danger _disaster fame___ glory__ humor mountain __mystery __nerve _number ___poison___ prosper religion __suspicion vary _vigor 2.以一al结尾Chemistry_class economy __editor education exception ___finance ___function logic___ memory__ nation origin parent person physics __politics__ region substance ___technique___ technology 3.以一able结尾ability accept access__ adapt_ avail avoid capability changecomfort compare _convert desire duration __favor __flexibility honor move notice permit __ reason__ sense vision 4。以-ful结尾beauty__ care cheer___ doubt_ faith fruit glass hand harm help_ mouth peace power skill spoon success thought _wonder 二名词后缀1。以ment结尾achieve advance __advertise_ agree disagree __argue assign attach __appoint___ develop embarrass ___encourage___ engage ___enjoy equip establish govern install __manage move__ pave_ pay punish ship state2.以—al结尾approve disapprove __arrive propose_ refuse remove_survivetry___withdraw_3.以一ance/—-ence/—ency/cy结尾abundant___accurate_ agent allow apply attend _ bankrupt__ competent compliant confident ___consist ___convenient__ inconvenient correspondent current _ dependent__independentinnocent___ diplomat distant _efficient ___elegant ___evident__ exist_ fluent frequent __infer __infant influentialintelligent interfere ___offend __patient ___perform__ prefer_ refer resident __significant__ silent___ tend___ urgent__ vacant violent 4o以——ion结尾act __add admit attract ___associate collect _combine complete commit communicate compose _conclude __consider ___consume___ create_ decide declare _define describe destroy ___determine_ devote direct distinct _discuss _dominate___ educate_ elect evolve except exhaust exhibit exploit_ found identify __illustrate imitate impress ___include intend introduce___ investigate __invite liberate locate oblige occupy operate organize participate permit predict _produce provide pollute possess recognize recommend regulate relate satisfy _select solve__ submit __suggest utilizeverify 三动词前后缀、1。以一en开头或结尾large able courage___ rich hard weak broad soft___ moist _length strength _threat __sharp sure 2.以-ify结尾magnified