情态动词+have-done的用法

“情态动词+havedone”的用法

毓思泽。2010、1、18

一、“must+have+done”

表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。

2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。1.Mr.Smithcan‘thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。三、“cansbhave+done…?”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。

Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。五、“may+have+done”

表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?—Idon'tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.—乔治发生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。

六、“might+have+done”

表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。

1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(MET90)他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。1.Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboy'sstory,butyoudidn'taskme.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thaveachievedsomuch.没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”“shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。

1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。

九、“oughtto+have+done”

表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。

IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.我理应上星期日回家。Yououghtnottohavegivenhimmorehelp.你不应该帮助他那么多。十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn‘t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。Ineedn‘thaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。Heneedhavehurriedtothestation.Inthatcase,hewouldn'thavemissedthetrain.他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。高考题1.Theweather

turned

out

to

befineyesterday.I________thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.

A.shouldhavetaken

B.couldhavetaken

C.needn'thavetaken

D.mustn'thavetaken2.We________haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.

A.needn't

B.maynot

C.shouldn't

D.mustn't3.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you________comethismorning.

A.mayn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn'tVVV4I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t5Mark

havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t6—

Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.NeedVVV7—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may8MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?No,you

.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t9--Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn'tVVV10It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.A.mayB.canC.mustD.should11—Hi,Tom.Any

idea

where

Jane

is?—She_____in

the

classroom.I

saw

her

there

just

now.A.shall

be

B.should

have

beenC.must

be

D.might

have

been12Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe

itdifferently.A.couldexpress

B.wouldexpressC.couldhaveexpressed

D.musthaveexpressedVVV13She

haveleftschool，forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t14Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience，he

better.

A.needhavedone B.musthavedoneC.canhavedone D.mighthavedone15—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.

—You

havelostitwhileshopping.

A.may B.canC.should D.wouldVVV16There’snolighton—they

beathome.

A.can’t B.mustn’t

C.needn’t D.shouldn’t17—What’sthename?

—Khulaifi.

Ispellthatforyou?

A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might18—CouldIhaveawordwithyou，mum?—Ohdear，ifyou

.

A.can B.must C.may D.shouldVVV19MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

Ihaveputit?

A.can B.must C.should D.would20--

thenewhousemaidcooksomesupperfor