新人教版选修七Unit2Robots-Grammar语法课件

RevisionofPassiveVoiceUnit2Grammar

MymotherfeltalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.MymotherwasalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.

Lookatthesentences.Isthisapassivesentence?

Thoughthestructureseemslikeapassivesentence,itisnot.

Apassive

sentenceindicatesapassiveactionwhilethissentencedescribesasituationwhensomeonehasthefeelingofalarm.“alarmed”isanadjectiveformedbyv+ed.Key!DiscoveringusefulstructuresGooverthepassivevoice

be+V+-ed/-en/-tMyhamburgerwas

eaten

bythedog.Thetoyismadebyhand.使用被动语态的情况1.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina.(省略了by短语。)Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everythinghasbeentakenaway.(省略了by短语。)2.当我们出于礼貌、措辞委婉等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.Youare

cordially(诚挚地)

invitedtoapartytobegivenattheTeachers'Clubat3p.m.Nov.23.

3.当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者时(这时可带by引起的短语)。Thesongwascomposed（组成;写作）byastudent.Agoodtimewashadbyall.被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：一般现在时：am/is/are＋given【例句】ThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics.

被动语态的构成一般过去时：was/were＋given【例句】Thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry.一般将来时：will/shallbe＋given【例句】Shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?

SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection____tothenation.(CET-41996)A.hasleftB.istoleaveC.leavesD.istobeleft本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般将来时可以用来betodosth来表达，因此答案为D。过去将来时：wouldbe＋given【例句】Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing＋given

【例句】Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped本句测试点是动词的时态和语态develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词，perfect用的是被动形式，develop也应该用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now，故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，答案为C。过去进行时：was/werebeing＋given【例句】Thefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky现在完成时：have/hasbeen＋given【例句】Swiftprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation.过去完成时：hadbeen＋given【例句】Thehugebridgehadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.

将来完成时：will/shallhavebeen＋given【例句】Thebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth.含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词Thisproblemcanbesolved.这问题可解决。What’sdonecannotbeundone.覆水难收。GeorgemightbesenttoAmericabyhiscompanyinAugust.公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。或类似结构（begoingto,haveto等）变成被动语态：Thisroomisgoingtobepaintednextweek.

这个房间下周粉刷。Goaway!Iwanttobeleftalone.走开！我想独自待一会儿。1.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。一些特殊的被动语态Theydidn’tofferAnnthejob.Annwasn’tofferedthejob.安未得到这份工作。

2.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismade

toclean

thefloorbythem.3.It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句(=主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth)表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……。例：据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.但：It______thattherewasacaroverthere.A.sohappenedB.sohappensC.issohappenedD.wassohappened答案：A.happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。4.besupposedtosuppose

vt.推想;假设;猜想

supposed

adj.假定的;推测的;意图的(1)据说（=besaidto)

如：Let’sgoandseethatfilm.It’ssupposedtobeverygood.我们一起去看那电影好吗?人们都说它不错。(2)计划、安排如：I’dbetterhurry.It’snearly8o’clock.I’msupposed

tobemeetingTomat8:15.我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。我8点一刻去接汤姆。(3)benotsupposedto不允许如:Youarenotsupposedtoparkhere.

这儿不允许停车。动词get代替be.（get往往用在口语中。）酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。Therewasafightatthepub,butfortunatelynobodygot(=was)hurt.get+done同be+done的区别：getdone往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：Thedoggotrunoverbyacar.狗被汽车辗死了。1.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。

cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write1.Thedishtastesdelicious.2.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.3.Thebookissointerestingthatit

sellswell.不可以变成被动语态Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖;出售”）Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Need+V-ing表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing

(=toberepaired).beg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit，become,contain,cost,fit,have，lack,resemble(相似),suit等。ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostmetendollars.3.某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：如：战争爆发了。可以说：Thewarbrokeout.但不能说：Thewarwasbrokeout.4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。

“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：被动结构与系表结构的区别被动结构Theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus.系表结构Thehouseissurroundedbytrees.被动结构Shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness.系表结构Iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.1.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_____tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returns

C.wasreturningD.hadreturnedInsomepartsoftheworld,tea_____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isserved

C.servesD.served课堂练兵3.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland______already.A.sell,havebeensoldout

B.sold,hadsoldout

C.sell,selloutD.aresold,havebeensoldout4.Thetrain____arriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.A.wasabouttoB.waslikelyto

C.wassupposedtoD.wascertainto5.Thisdictionarymustn’t____fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway6.Myshoes_____.Iwentoutforanewpair.A.iswornoutB.woreoutC.werewornoffD.werewornout7.Thatkindofshirts_______cotton.

A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof8.Rice______inSouthChina.A.growingB.isgrownC.aregrownD.isgrow9.Allthepreparationsforthetask______,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.complete

C.hadbeencompleted

D.havebeencompleted10.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey____tobeusefulmentothecountry.A.wereallexpected

B.wereallexpecting

C.allwereexpected

D.allexpected11.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_______.

A.havenowbeenrebuildingB.arenowrebuildingC.arenowbeingrebuiltD.arerebuiltnow用被动语态改换下列各句：1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybikewillberepairedbymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallethasbeenfound.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.Iwastoldtowaithereforher.4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurelybearrestedbythepolice.5.T