高中英语专题非谓语动词精讲

PartA不定式和动名词一．不定式和动名词的共同用法：作主语、作表语、作定语、作宾语1.作主语Gettingupearly(早起)isagoodhabit.Climbingupthemountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Lookingafterthebaby_(照顾婴儿)isherjobeveryday.Tolookafterthebaby(照顾婴儿)isherjobtoday.动名词：表经常的习惯的动作或已知的事或经验不定式：表具体的、一次的行为2.作表语1)动名词，不定式和作主语用法相同2)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。Hiswishistobuyacarbeforelong.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。3.作定语动名词表示所修饰名词的用途；不定式表示将来可做或该做的行为。例如：Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池Aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingApooltoswimin可游泳的池塘

DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBJ?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？4.作宾语英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：

(1)不定式做宾语决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help此外：seem,attempt,fail,happen,afford,strive,makeupone’smindto,bedeterminedto,would/shouldlike/loveto注意：不定式作介词but,except(除了)的宾语。（can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut..）Thesoldierscoulddonothingbutwaitfortheorder.Thesoldierhadnootherchoicebuttowaitfortheorder.Thescientistcannothelpbutwonder,“Arehumansdyingoutlikeotheranimals?”一般的介词后面的宾语都是-ing形式或名词。但这两个除外。它们两个后面用不定式作宾语。一般的考点都集中在它们后面的不定式带to还是不带的问题上。一般看的是前面有没有do的任何形式或can’t，有则不带to，没有则带to。(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语miss,imagine,mind,escape,insiston,practise,suggest,consider,avoid,enjoy/appreciate,risk,finish,deny,forbid,keep/keepon,allow/permit,delay/putoff，can’tstand,giveup,feellike,insiston,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in)例句：Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.Mybrothergotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthelastchance.Headmittedbreakingthewindow.他承认打破了玻璃。Theboysadmittedhavingbrokenmycarwindowwhileplayingfootball.Ireallyappreciateyourreplyingsosoon.You’dbetteravoidseeingyourbosstoday.Heislikeabullinachinashop.Canyouimaginelivingaloneonthemoon?Jillcouldn’tresistmakingjokesaboutmybaldness.Theexperiencedworkersuggestedmakingaholetheotherside.Ijustcan’tstandbeingbossedaroundbyawoman.Areyoureallyusedtodrinkingwinesthreemealsaday?WearelookingforwardtoseeingyouinNewYork.Whentheweatherturnsfine,Ihavegetdowntorepairingmyhouse.Theysetabouttreatingthebabyimmediatelytheyarrived.现对上述只以动名词作宾语的动词分类归纳如下：A.注意动词的一词多义①consider只有在作“考虑”解时才以-ing形式作宾语。如：Tomisconsideredtobethebestdriverintheteam.(认为)Tomisconsideringborrowingsomemoneyfromthebank.（考虑）②can’thelp只有作“禁不住”解时才以-ing形式作宾语。如：Sorry,I’mbusypreparingfortheexamandcan’thelpcleantheroom(不能帮忙)Sorry,Ican’thelplaughingwhenIheardthenews.(禁不住)③beusedto只有作“习惯于”解时才以-ing形式作宾语。如：Theknifeisusedtocutofftheskinofthetrees.(被用来做)Thestudentsareusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.(习惯于)B．注意摆脱思维定势allow,advise,forbid,permit①+doingsth.②+sb.todosth.这是一个学生出错率挺高的考点。因为，大家都知道如allowsb.todosth.这样的结构，并且烂熟于心。所以在见到Allow等后面直接跟宾语的时候，大家的第一反应就是选择todo，这样就中了出题人的陷阱。例如：Myparentsdon’tallowmetogotherebyplaneforthesakeofsafety.Theydon’tallowsmokinginthisareaofthecampus.Jill’steacheradvisedhimtotakethejobinthelessfamouscompany.Jill’steacheradvisedtakingthejobinthelessfamouscompany.Themanagerforbidsanyonetoenterhisofficewithoutpermission.Smokingisforbiddeninthisoffice.C．注意主动形式表被动意义的问题Yourdeskneedscleaning.Yourdeskneedstobecleaned.Theflowersrequirewateringeveryday.Theflowersrequiretobewateredeveryday.Hewantsremindingofthemeetingtomorrow.Heisalwaysforgetful.Hewantstoberemindedofthemeetingtomorrow.Heisalwaysforgetful.TheplayisworthseeingasecondtimeTheplayisworthyofbeingseenasecondtime.Theplayisworthytobeseenasecondtime.以上几组只是在主动或被动的形式上有所差别，意义相同。D．动名词的逻辑主语问题动名词的逻辑主语通常为：①形容词性物主代词+动名词；②名词所有格+动名词。例如：Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem.他坚持要我和他们一起去。Hedislikeshiswife’sworkinglate.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。IcanhardlyimaginePeter’ssailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtothethief’sbeingcaught.值得注意的是，在动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其中的形容词性物主代词可以转化为宾格形式的人称代词。例如：We’llappreciateyoucallingbacksoon.(your→you)Doyoumindyourstudentsusingmobilesinschool?(yourstudents’→yourstudents)Canyouimagineuspassingthetestonourfirstattempt?(our→us)但是，千万注意，当动名词作主语时，前面只能用形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格。例如：Hiscomingbacklatemadeallofusangry.Mymother’sbeingillsentallofusintogreatanxiety.同时，在某些情况下，动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无生命名词Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b.有生命名词但表示泛指意义Haveyoueverheardofwomenpractisingboxing?你听说过妇女练拳击吗？c.两个以上的有生命名词并列Doyourememberyourparentsandmetellingaboutthis?你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？注意：用作介词的toto有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词,to在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+名词/动名词：admitto承认，confessto承认，beaccustomedto习惯于，beusedto习惯于，stickto坚持，turnto开始，着手于，devoteoneselfto献身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意,getdownto着手做某事,leadto导致,objectto反对例如：Imustadmittofeelingashamedofmyconduct.

我得承认因自己的行为而感到羞惭。Heconfessedtocheatingontheexam.

他承认考试作弊。Stopplayingcards,let'sgetdowntodoingsomethingmoremeaningful.(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1)forgettodo忘记要去做某事(未做)

forgetdoing忘记做过某事(已做)例如：Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Don'tforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。(tocome动作未做)典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2)stoptodo停止去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事例如：Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking..我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。

3)remembertodo记住去做某事(未做)

rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)例如：Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾

regretdoing对做过的事遗憾,后悔例如：Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。

5)trytodo努力,企图做某事

trydoing试验,试一试某种办法例如：Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn'tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味着例如：Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工资意味着增加购买力。

7)goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)

goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)例如：Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Goondoingtheexerciseafteryouhavechattedwithyourfriends.与同学聊完天后，接着做练习。8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)

proposingdoing建议(做某事)例如：Heproposedbuildingabridgeacrossthisriver.

他建议在这条河上造一座桥。Theyproposetobegintonight.

他们打算今晚开始。

9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具体行为；+doingsth表示抽象,倾向概念例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.

注意：如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.10)need,want,require+doing表被动意义；+todo表示主动意思。例如：Theteacherwantsustocleantheclassroomimmediately.Weneedtocleantheclassroom.Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.Theclassroomrequirescleaning.11)can’thelp+todo不能帮助做某事can’thelp+doing禁不住做某事二．不定式作宾语补足语和状语1.动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。谓语动词(vt.)+宾语(人/物)+不定式(作宾语补足语)ask(请)/tell(告诉)/teach(教)/want(想要)/wouldlike(想要)/get(让)/help(帮)/invite(邀请)/like(喜欢)/warn(警告)/+sb./sth.+todomake(使得)/let(让)/hear(听)/see(看)/feel(感觉)/watch(观看)/have(使得)/help(帮助)+sb./sth.+do（注：此为省略to的不定式）如：Mumaskedmetohelpherwiththecooking.妈妈叫我帮助她做饭。Iwouldlikeyoutoseemyparents.我想要你见见我的父母。Thebossoftenmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.老板常让工人们一天工作14小时。Nowletmehearyouplaytheviolin.现在让我来听你拉小提琴。注意：省略to的不定式做感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时，在改为被动语态时，to要还原。例如：Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.注意：help之后作宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear/see/feel/watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意。试比较：IheardhercryingwhenIwalkedpast.我路过时听到她正在哭。(指当时瞬间的情况)Isatnearherandheardhersingthenewsong.我坐在她附近听她唱新歌。(指整个过程)注意：只有不定式和分词可以做宾语补足语。尽管动名词与现在分词的形式相同，但是动名词从本质上来讲，充当的是名词的功能，所以绝对不能做宾语补足语和状语。试比较下列几组句子：Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.(动名词短语,作主语)/Seeingisbelieving.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语)/Heranafteramovingbusandgotontoit.(现在分词,作定语)/Hisfathersawhimsittingonsomeeggs.(现在分词,作宾补)2.不定式还可以作状语。1）目的状语To…onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例题Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。三．动名词的特殊句型1) Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.

Itisnouse/nogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收 Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。

2) Itis+useless+doingsth.

Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。

3) Thereisno+doing...(thereisno表”不可能”)

Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.说出他要干什么是不可能的。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.对这种事情不是开玩笑。Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很难说他何时回来。

4) Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth.做某事没用(不好/意义/意义/坏处)

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.牛奶洒了，哭也无用。Thereisnopointaskinghisparentsforthemoney,fortheyarepoor.向父母要钱是没有意义的，因为他们很穷。There’snosenseincriticizinghim.批评他也没有用。There’snosenseinwaitingthreehours.等三小时是没有意义的。Thereisnoharmhavingawalkafteryourmeal.饭后散步是没坏处的。

5) havedifficulty/trouble/problem+(in)+doing

have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble,fun,ahardtime,agoodtime. 例如：Wehaddifficulty(in)carryingouttheplan.我们执行计划有困难。6) feellike+名词/动名词=wouldliketo+原形动词感觉像，想要

Ifeellikeanewbornbaby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 Ifeellikehavingashower.=Iwouldliketohaveashower.7) spend/wastetimedoingsth.

Theyspentalottime(in)makingpreparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。四、动名词练习1．____yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.（2014湖南）A.Understanding B.TobeunderstoodC.Beingunderstood D.Havingunderstood2.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_________foraswim?（2014陕西）A.togo B.going Cgo D.havinggone3.Peoplecouldn'thelp____thefoolishemperorintheprocession.

A.laughat B.tolaughat C.laughingat D.laughingon4.We'relookingforward____thephotoexhibition.

A.tovisiting B.tovisit C.tohavingvisited D.visiting5.Thissentenceneeds____.

A.aimprovement B.improve C.improving D.improved6.—Whatareyougoingtodothismorning?—I'mthinkingof____tovisitmyaunt.

A.go B.going C.havinggone D.mygoing7.Ireallyenjoy____thatkindofjob.

A.do B.doing C.todo D.tobedoing8.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____.

A.worthtoread B.worthbeingread

C.worthofreading D.worthreading9.Ican'timagine____thatwiththem.

A.do B.todo C.beingdone D.doing10.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed____.

A.catching B.tobecaught C.beingcaught D.tocatch五、不定式练习1.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.（2014北京）A.solving B.solved C.beingsolved D.tobesolved2. ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.（2014湖南）A. HavingfreedB.Freed C.Tofree D.Freeing3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone______asecurityofficer.(2014山东)A.employedB.beingemployedC.toemployD.employs4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_________iddidn’tfit（2014天津）A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound5Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclass__childrendevelopteamspirit.（2014重庆）A.helpingB.havinghelpedC.helpedD.tohelp6. Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.

A.go B.togo C.going D.went7. LastsummerItookacourseon_____.

A.howtomakedresses B.howdressesbemade

C.howtobemadedresses D.howdressestobemade8. Iknowhim_____agoodbasketballplayerwhileincollege.

A.tohavebeen B.tobe C.was D.hadbeen9. Iwassurprised_____.

A.watchinghimtoeatsoquickly B.watchhimeatsoquickly

C.watchinghimeatsoquickly D.towatchhimeatsoquickly10. Nowwecouldnotdoanythingbut_____forhimhere.

A.waited B.waiting C.towait D.wait11. Idon’tknowherandIdon’t_____.

A.want B.wantto C.wantit D.wantso12. Toplayfairisasimportantas_____.

A.toplaywell B.playwell C.weplaywell D.playingwell13. It’smostfoolish_____so.

A.foryoutosay B.ofyoutosay C.withyousaying D.inyoursaying14. Ihavenopen_____.

A.writing B.towrite C.towritewith D.tobewriting15. Thoselettersare_____tothecountrysiderightaway.

A.tobesent B.sending C.tohavebeensent D.sentPartB分词一、分词的基本形式：分词一般式完成式进行式现在分词doing（not）doing（not）havingdone（not）Doing过去分词done（not）done（not）havingdonenotbeingdone二、现在分词与过去分词的意义（一）现在分词：表示“主动”意义，即“其逻辑主语是该分词所表示动作的执行者”。分词所作的成分不同，其逻辑主语不同。基本规律是：定语——所修饰的名词；宾补——宾语；状语——句子的主语。经典例句：ThemanstandingatthegateismyEnglishteacher.WhenIcameintheclassroom,Isawmyclassmatesstudyinghard.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttohavearest.（二）过去分词：通常表示“被动”意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外），即“其逻辑主语是该分词所表示动作的接受者”。分词所作的成分不同，其逻辑主语不同。基本规律是：定语——所修饰的名词；宾补——宾语；状语——句子的主语。经典例句：Seeninthedarknight，lightsontopoftallbuildingslooklikestarsinthesky.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.Ihavehadmybikerepaired,andI'mgoingtohavesomebodyrepairmyradiotomorrow.（三）独立主格结构：当句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，这时我们需要在分词前加上一个“名词或代词”表示分词的逻辑主语，即：名词/代词+分词，句子（主语+谓语）。分词前面的名词或代词成为“主格词”。经典例句：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.三、分词练习题1.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget________.Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.（2014安徽） A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.topromote2.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_______theopeningceremonyliveonTV.（2014北京）A.watch B.towatchC.watched D.watching3.Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout______..（2014北京）A.recognizing B.beingrecognized C.havingrecognized D.havingbeenrecognized4.thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.（2014福建）A.SpendingB.SpentC.HavingspentD.Tospend5.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________.（2014福建）A.connectedB.connectingC.toconnectD.tobeconnected6．Children，when bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.（2014湖南）A.tobeaccompanied B.toaccompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied7. Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,_____atthenightsky.（2014湖南）A.tostare B.staring C.stared D,havingstared8Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor______whent