专业英语复习题范文

专业英语复习题 一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1.Ifallpointsinalinkagemoveinparallelplanesthesystemundergoesplanarmotionandthelinkagemaybedescribedasa.A.planarmotionB.planarlinkageC.jointsD.slide2.Thoughframematerialanddesignshouldhandledamping,aresometimesbuiltintoframesectionstohandlespecificproblems.A.beamsB.holesC.dampersD.screw3.Themaximumallowabledeflectionofashaft______determinedbycriticalspeed,gear,orbearingrequirements.A.oftenB.mustC.wasD.isusually4.Wewillhaveto_____tobetterandbettersolutionsaswegeneratemoreinformation.A.repeatmanytimesB.iteratingC.iterateD.tryways5.Ifaproductconfigurationis_______specifiedandthenexaminedtodeterminewhethertheperformancerequirementsaremet.A.finallyB.tentativelyC.temporaryD.havebeen6.Manufacturingcanbedefinedasthe_____ofrawmaterialsintousefulproductsthroughtheuseoftheeasiestandlest-expensivemethods.A.transformationB.processingC.processD.transforming7.Theplanerandkneetypesofmillingmachineis_____becauseofitsflexibility.A.usedmostcommonlyB.mostpopularC.themostcommonlyusedD.mostpowerful8.Asaresult,thesystemwillvibrateatthefrequencyofthe_____forceregardlessoftheinitialconditionsornaturalfrequencyofthesystem.A.actionB.excitationC.outD.act9.Beforetwocomponentsareassembledtogether,therelationshipbetweenthedimensionsofthematingsurfaces_______.A.mustbegivingoutB.shouldprintedclearlyC.mustbespecifiedD.shouldbeclearlynoted10.Themainpracticaladvantageoflowerpairsistheirbetterabilitytotraplubricantbetweentheir______surfaces.A.envelopingB.matingC.outerD.outside11.Theword______itselfusuallyreferstothedeteriorationofmetalsandceramics,whilesimilarphenomenainplasticsgenerallycalled______.A.recrystallization….corrosionB.recrystallization…degradationC.degradation…corrosionD.corrosion…degradation12.Mostframes_______castiron,weldsteel,composition,orconcrete.A.aremadefromB.aremadeupofC.wasproducedbyD.wasconsistof13.Rotatingshaftsparticularlythosethatrunathighspeeds,mustbedesignedtoavoidoperationatspeeds.A.lowB.overloadC.criticalD.hollow14.Althoughcastironisafairlycheapmaterial,eachcastingrequiresa.A.patternB.modelC.moldD.patent15.Thetermisusedtodescribejointswithsurfacecontact,aswithapinsurroundedbyahole.A.highpairB.lowpairC.surfacepairD.rotarypair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）Thetermshaftusuallyreferstoarelativelylongmemberofroundcrosssectionthatrotatesandtransmitspower.Oneormorememberssuchasgears,sprockets,pulleys,andcamsareusually(16)totheshaftbymeansofpins,keys,splines,snaprings,andotherdevices.Theselattermembersareamongthe“associatedparts”consideredinthistext,asarecouplingsanduniversaljoint,whichserveto(17)theshafttothesourceofpowerorload.Ashaftcanhaveanoroundcrosssection,antitneednotnecessarilyrotate.Itcanbestationaryandserveto(18)arotatingmember,suchastheshortshaftsthatsupportthenondrivingwheelsofanautomobile.Theshaftssupporting(19)gearscanbeeitherrotatingorstationarydependingon(20)thegearisattachedtotheshaftorsupportedbyitthroughbearings.Itisapparentthatshaftscanbesubjectedtovariouscombinationsofaxial,bending,and(21)loads,andthattheseloadsmaybestaticorfluctuating.Typically,arotatingshafttransmittingpoweris(22)toaconstanttorque(producingameantorsionalstress)togetherwithacompletelyreversedbendingload(producinganalternatingbendingstress).Inadditiontosatisfying(23)requirements,shaftsmustbedesignedsothatdeflectionsarewithinacceptablelimits.Excessive(24)shaftsdeflectioncanhampergearperformanceandcause(25)noise.Theassociatedangulardeflectioncanbeverydestructivetono-self-aligningbearings(eitherplainorrolling).(26)deflectioncanaffecttheaccuracyofacamorgeardrivenmechanism.Furthermore,thegreatertheflexibility-eitherlateralortorsional-thelowerthecorresponding(27)speed. Sometimesmemberslikegearsandcamsaremade(28)withshaft,butmoreoftensuchmembers(whichalsoincludepulleys,sprockets,etc)aremadeseparatelyandthen(29)shaft.Theportionofthemountedmemberincontactwiththeshaftisthehub.Attachmentofthehubtotheshaftismadeinvarietyofways.Agearcanbegripped(30)betweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.Thegroovesintheshaftandhubintowhichthekeyfitsarecalledkeyways.16、A)cementB)attachedC)connectedD)concrete17、A)endureB)transmitC)serveD)connect18、A)supportB)meetC)satisfyD)strong19、A)aimsB)idlerC)terminalD)tomb20、A)duetoB)weatherC)whetherD)for21、A)elasticityB)torsionalC)inertiaD)acceleration22、A)subjectedB)…connectC)andD)From23、A)deeplyB)strengthC)clearlyunderstandD)longtime24、A)identifyB)crossC)roundD)lateral25、A)lucrativeB)objectionableC)attractableD)terrible26、A)MomentB)TormentC)TorsionalD)Movement27、A)highB)criticalC)firstD)important28、A)workB)idealizationC)integralD)simplification29、A)mountedontoB)refersC)referringtoD)indicates30、A)deformationsB)bendinglimitsC)laternalD)axially三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text1Engineeringdesignisasystematicprocessbywhichsolutiontotheneedsofhumankindareobtained.Theprocessisappliedtoproblems(needs)ofvaryingcomplexity.Forexample,mechanicalengineerswillusethedesignprocesstofindaneffective,efficientmethodtoconvertreciprocatingmotiontocircularmotionforthedrivetraininanintnternalcombustionengine;electricalengineerswillusetheprocesstodesignelectricalgeneratingsystemsusingfallingwaterasthepowersource;andmaterialsengineersusetheprocesstodesignablativematerialswhichenableastronautstosafelyreentertheearth’satmosphere.Thevastmajorityofcomplexproblemsintoday’shightechnologysocietydependforsolutionnotonasingleengineeringdiscipline,butonteamsofengineers,scientists,environmentalists,economists,sociologists,andlegalpersonnel.Solutionsarenotonlydependentregulationsandpoliticalinfluence.Asengineersweareempoweredwiththetechnicalexpertisetodevelopnewandimprovedproductsandsystems,butatthesametimewemustbeincreasinglyawareoftheimpactofouractionsonsocietyandtheenvironmentingeneralandworkconscientiouslytowardthebestsolutioninviewofallrelevantfactors.Designistheculminationofengineeringeducationalprocess;itisthesalientfeaturethatdistinguishesengineeringdesignisfoundinthecurriculumguidelinesoftheAccreditationBoardforEngineeringandTechnology(ABET).ABETaccreditscurriculainengineeringschoolsandderivesitsmembershipfromthevariousengineeringprofessionalsocieties.Eachaccreditedcurriculumhasawell-defineddesigncomponentwhichfallswithintheABETstatementondesignreadasfollows.Engineeringdesignistheprocessofdevisingasystem,component,orprocesstomeetdesiredneeds.Itisdecisionmakingprocess(ofteniterative),inwhichthebasicsciences,mathematics,andengineeringsciencesareappliedtoconvertresourcesoptimallytomeetasatedobjectivesandcriteria,synthesis,analysis,construction,testing,andevaluation.Theengineeringdesigncomponentofacurriculummustincludemostofthefollowingfeatures:developmentofstudentcreativity,useofopen-endedproblemstatementanduseofmoderndesigntheoryandmethodology,formulationofdesignproblemstatementandspecification,considerationofalternativesolutions,feasibilityconsiderations,productionprocess,concurrentengineeringdesign,anddetailedsystemdescriptions.Further,itisessentialtoincludeavarietyofrealisticconstraintssuchaseconomicfactors,safety,reliability,aesthetics,ethics,andsocialimpact.31、what’sthemainmeaningofmessage(1)?A)EngineeringdesignisasystematicprocessB)materialsengineer’smainworkC)mechanicalengineer’shasgoodideaD)electricalengineer’mainduty32、Intheauthor’sopinion,thedesignprocessisverycomplexandshouldtakenintoaccountmanyfactors,fromthemessagewhoshouldNOTjoinintothedesignteam_______.A)environmentalists,B)sociologistsC)engineersD)Governmentofficials33、Fromthemessage,wecanknowthemeaningofwords“ABET”(atlinethirdparagraph)is_____.A)asetofaccreditsstandardB)akindofdesignmethodC)adepartmentofUSgovernmentwhichresponsibleforengineeringdesignD)Asetoflaw34、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatintheexerciseandtrainingofstudent,whichcharacterofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthecurriculum______.A)creativityB)newmaterialC)ethicsD)economicfactors35、Thetitleofthemessageis______.A)therolesofengineersinmanufacturingB)theimportanceofmechanicaldesignC)engineeringdesignD)TheprocessofmachinedesignTEXT2Workingdrawingsarethecompletesetofstandardizeddrawingsspecifyingthemanufactureandassemblyofaproductbasedonitsdesign.Thecomplexityofthedesigndeterminesthenumberandtypesofdrawings.Workingdrawingsmaybeonmorethanonesheetandmaycontainwritteninstructionscalledspecifications.Workingdrawingsareblueprintsusedformanufacturingproducts.Therefore,thesetofdrawingsmust:(a)completelydescribetheparts,bothvisuallyanddimensionally;(b)showthepartsinassembly;(3)identifyalltheparts;and(4)specifystandardparts.Thegraphicsandtextinformationmustbesufficientlycompleteandaccuratetomanufactureandassembletheproductwithouterror. Generally,acompletesetofWorkingdrawingsforanassemblyincludes:(1)Detaildrawingsofeachnonstandardparts.(2)Anassemblyorsubassemblydrawingshowingallthestandardandnonstandardpartsinasingledrawing.(3)Abillofmaterials(BOM).(4)Atitleblock.Adetaildrawingisadimensioned,multiviewdrawingofasinglepart,describingthepart’sshape,size,material,andsurfaceroughness,insufficientdetailfortheparttobemanufacturedbasedonthedrawingalone.Detaildrawingsareproducedfromdesignsketchesorextractedfrom3-Dcomputermodels.TheyadherestrictlytoANSIstandardsandthestandardforthespecificcompany,fordimensioning,assigningpartnumbers,notes,tolerances,etc.Inanassembly,standardpartssuchasthreadedfastenersandbearingsarenotdrawnasdetails,butareshownintheassemblyview.Standardpartsarenotdrawnasdetailsbecausetheyarenormallypurchased,notmanufactured,forassembly.Forlargeassembliesorassembledwithlargeparts,detailsaredrawnonmultiplesheets,andaseparatesheetisusedfortheassemblyview.Iftheassemblyissimpleorthepartsaresmall,detaildrawingsforeachpartofanassemblycanbeplacedonasinglesheet.Multipledetailsonasheetareusuallydrawnatthesamescale.Ifdifferentscalesareused,theyareclearlymarkedundereachdetail.Also,whenmorethanonedetailisplacedonasheet,thespacingbetweendetailsiscarefullyplanned,includingleavingsufficientroomfordimensionsandnotes.36.Basedonthemessage,whichofthefollowiswrong?A)standardpartsneedn’tdrawnasdetailsB)forsimpleparts,sometimesneedn’ttodrawthedetailworkingdrawingC)forlargeassembliesdetailsmaydrawnonmultiplesheetsD)Ifdifferentscalesusedinasinglesheet,theyshouldclearlymarkedundereachdetail37.WorkingdrawingsforanassemblyMAYNOTincludes:?A)BOMB)titleblockC)AnassemblyorsubassemblydrawingD)Detaildrawingsofallparts.38.Fordetaildrawing,Whichoneofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?A)shouldnothasdifferentscalesB)Detaildrawingcanproducedfromdesignsketchesorextractedfrom3-Dcomputermodels.C)detaildrawingisadimensioned,multiviewdrawingofasinglepartD)shouldAdherestrictlytoANSIstandards39.FromthemessagewecaninferANSIis?A)asetoflawB)asetofnotificationC)anOrganizationD)IEEEgovernment40.Thetopicofthemessageis?A)Howtodesignworkingdrawings.B)workingdrawing’scharacterandthekeyinfluenceofhowtodrawaworkingdrawingC)Inthedesignprocess,whatshouldbeconsidered?D)WhatisworkingdrawingTEXT3Oneprincipleaimofkinematicsistocreate(design)thedesiredmotionsofthesubjects’mechanicalpartsandthenmathematicallycomputethepositions,velocities,andaccelerations,whichthosewillcreateontheparts.Since,formostearthboundmechanicalsystems,themassremainsessentiallyconstantwithtime,definingtheaccelerationsasafunctionoftimethenalsodefinesthedynamicforcesasafunctionoftime.Stresses,inturn,willbeafunctionofbothappliedandinertial(ma)forces.Sinceengineeringdesignischargedwithcreatingsystemswhichwillnotfailduringtheirexpectedservicelife,thegoalistokeepstresseswithinacceptablelimitsforthematerialschosenandtheenvironmentalconditionsencountered.Thisobviouslyrequiresthatallsystemforcesbedefinedandkeptwithindesiredlimits.Inmachinery,thelargestforcesencounteredareoftenthoseduetothedynamicsofthemachineitself.Thesedynamicforcesareproportionaltoacceleration,whichbringsusbacktokinematics,thefoundationofmechanicaldesign.Verybasicandearlydecisioninthedesignprocessinvolvingkinematicprinciplescanbecrucialtothesuccessofanymechanicaldesign;adesignwhichhaspoorkinematicswillprovetroublesomeandperformbadly.Anymechanicalsystemcanbeclassifiedaccordingtothenumberofdegreeoffreedom(DOF)whichitprocesses.Thesystem’sDOFisequaltothenumberofindependentparameterswhichareneededtouniquelydefineitspositioninspaceatanyinstantoftime.Arigidbodyfreetomovewithinareferenceframewill,inthegeneralcase,hascomplexmotion,whichisasimultaneouscombinationofrotationandtranslation.Inthree-dimensionalspace,theremayberotationaboutanyaxisandalsosimultaneoustranslationwhichcanberesolvedintocomponentsalongthreeaxes.Inaplane,ortwo-dimensionalspace,complexmotionbecomesacombinationofsimultaneousrotationaboutoneaxis(perpendiculartotheplane)andalsotranslationresolvedintocomponentsalongtwoaxesintheplane41、KinematicsresearchfocusonthefollowingEXCEPT______..A)accelerationsB)forceC)positions,D)velocities42、Fromthepassagethatforthedesignengineerthefirstandmostimportantis____A)theservicelifeofamachineB)thematerialschooseC)thedegreeoffreedomD)kinematicprinciples43、Anmechanicalsystemhasuniquelydefinedpositioninspaceatanyinstantoftimethat___.A)ItshouldhasoneDOFB)ItshouldHastwoDOFC)theDOFandthenumberofindependentparametersshouldequalD)ItshouldhasanyDOFaswant44、whichoneofthefollowingisNOTTRUE_______?.A)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacemayrotationaboutanyaxisB)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspaceisasimultaneouscombinationofrotationandtranslationC)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacecanberesolvedintocomponentsalongthreeaxesD)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacemayhascomplexmotion45、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.A)kinematicsB)dynamicsC)kinematicsanddynamicD)theimportantofkinematics四、英译汉（共20分）1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）Aperfectlyrigidorinextensiblelinkcanexistonlyasatextbooktypeofmodelofarealmachinemember.（2）Foundationsshouldensurethemachine’sstiffness;shockabsorptionandisolationaresecondaryconsiderations.(3)Thus,ifamechanicalcomponentsuchasaspringissubjectedtorepetitiveorcyclicalapplicationsofstresslevelsmuchlowerthantheultimatestrength,itwillfractureafteralargenumberofrepetitionsofthisstress.（4）Interchangeabilitymeansthatidenticalpartsmustbeinterchangeable,i.e.,abletoreplaceeachother,whetherduringassemblyorsubsequentmaintenancework;withouttheneedforanyfittingoperations.（5）Agearcanbegrippedaxiallybetweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）Aswelookaroundusweseeaworldfullof“things”,machines,devices,tools,thingsthatwehavedesigned,built,andused;thingsmadeofwood,metals,ceramics,andplastics.Weknowfromexperiencethatsomethingsarebetterthanothers;theylastlonger,costless,arequieter,orareeasetouse.Ideally,however,everysuchitemhasbeendesignedaccordingtosomesetof“functionalrequirements”asperceivedbythedesigners—thatis,ithsbeendesignedsoastoanswerthequestion,“exactlywhatfunctionshoulditperform?”Intheworldofengineering,themajorfunctionfrequentlyistosupportsometypeofloadingduetoweight,inertia,pressure,etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列句子译成英语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。（2）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。（3）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。（4）在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。2.将下段汉语翻译成英语（10分）密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题参考答案一、 选择题:（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1-5：BCDCB6-10：ACBCA11-15DACAB二、完形填空：（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）16-20：BDABC21-25：BABDB26-30：CBCAD三、阅读理解：（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）31-35：ADABC36-40：BCACD41-45：BDCAC四、翻译（满分40分）1、英译汉，(共5小题，每小题6分)（1）Aperfectlyrigidorinextensiblelinkcanexistonlyasatextbooktypeofmodelofarealmachinemember.一个绝对刚性或者不可伸长的构件只能作为真实机器零件在教科书中的模型而存在。（2）Foundationsshouldensurethemachine’sstiffness;shockabsorptionandisolationaresecondaryconsiderations.基础应该保证机器的刚度，减震和隔离是次要的考虑事项。(3)Thus,ifamechanicalcomponentsuchasaspringissubjectedtorepetitiveorcyclicalapplicationsofstresslevelsmuchlowerthantheultimatestrength,itwillfractureafteralargenumberofrepetitionsofthisstress.因此，像弹簧这样的机械零件，在比其极限强度低很多的重复应力或周期性应力下，经过很多次的重复作用之后也会发生断裂.（4）Interchangeabilitymeansthatidenticalpartsmustbeinterchangeable,i.e.,abletoreplaceeachother,whetherduringassemblyorsubsequentmaintenancework;withouttheneedforanyfittingoperations.互换性意味着在相同的零件之间必须能够进行互换。无论是在装配时还是在其后的维修时，这些零件都可以互相取代而不需任何修配工作。（5）Agearcanbegrippedaxiallybetweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.一个齿轮可以用轴肩和挡圈进行轴向固定，并通过键来传递。2、英译汉，10分Aswelookaroundusweseeaworldfullof“things”,machines,devices,tools,thingsthatwehavedesigned,built,andused;thingsmadeofwood,metals,ceramics,andplastics.Weknowfromexperiencethatsomethingsarebetterthanothers;theylastlonger,costless,arequieter,orareeasetouse.Ideally,however,everysuchitemhasbeendesignedaccordingtosomesetof“functionalr