初中英语阅读理解之细节理解题

第一页，共66页。初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷第二页，共66页。什么是细节题？1细节题的分类？2如何解答细节题？3内容大纲第三页，共66页。2012年1月21日星期四天气：晴盼望着，盼望着。春节的脚步近了，我的心儿沸腾了。除夕前一天，我和爸爸去集市上制办年货。集上可热闹了，空气中充斥着叫卖声，讲价声和欢笑声。到处人来人往，挤来挤去。我和爸爸在喧腾的人群中穿行。年集上的货物样样俱全，猪肉、羊肉、春联、日历、水果、鸡、鱼无所不有。我和爸爸跑着跑那，忙了一上午，才把年货买齐。我边吃边逛，边卖边吃。脸上满是兴奋与喜悦。……“我”和谁一起去办年货？去了哪里？什么时候去的？集市上有什么货物？第四页，共66页。什么是细节题？在文章中直接或间接地找到与答案相关的信息！第五页，共66页。为什么要学习细节题解题技巧?第六页，共66页。5W1H是非题排序题细节题的类别间接信息题直接信息题who,where,when,what,why,how第七页，共66页。5W1H间接信息题直接信息题同义替换词性变换计算题化繁为简Whoinventedthesportofbadminton?Whatisthecheapestwaytogettotheparty?Whydidthebuilderbuildthebridge?......设问方式what'sthemainideaofthepassage?LuXunmovedtoShanghaibecause_____.第八页，共66页。如何解答5W1H题？第九页，共66页。定位原文如何解答5W1H题？分析选项寻读法读题第十页，共66页。定位原文找关键词！！题干中的直接信息出现次数少的专有名词同义改写词性与结构转换WhenisWorldToiletDay?Whichmovieisaboutawomangangster?WhatwouldBendowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?sickWhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius?setmenapart第十一页，共66页。Ifwewanttomakefriends,weshould__________.A.bepolitelytothemB.befriendlytothem.C.beafraidofthemD.whenwetalkwiththem.

Doyouneedfriends?I'msureyouransweris"Yes,ofcourse.Everybodydoes!"Youneedfriendswhenyouplayandwhenyouwork.Ifyouhavefriends,youwillfeelhappy.Ifyouhavenofriends.youwillfeellonely(寂寞的).Doyouknowhowtomakefriends?Thereisonlyonegoodway―Youmakefriendsbybeingfriendly.Afriendlypersonisinterestedinotherpeople.HeisalwayshelpfulIfyouwanttomakefriendswithanewclassmate,youcantalkwithhim,tellhimabouttheotherclassmatesinyourclassandtryyourbesttobehelpfultohim.第十二页，共66页。1.Accordingtothepassage,whywasLuXun'sstoryDiaryofaMadmamsopopular?A.ItwasbasedonLuXun’sdiary.B.Itwasthefirstnoveltouseeverydaylanguage.C.Itsstorytookplaceinmoderntimes.D.Itwaswrittenusingawesternstyle.

AfterworkingforseveralyearsasateacherinBeijing,LuXunagainreturnedtowriting.In1918,hewrotehisfamousshortstoryDiaryofaMadman.ItwasthefirstChinesenovelpublishedusingtheeverydaylanguagethatpeoplespoke,whichhelpedmakeitagreatsuccess.This,togetherwithhisnovelTheTrueStoryofAhQ(1921),madeLuXunaleadingChinesewriter.第十三页，共66页。Whendidthewriterfeelworried?A.HeheardthenewsfromMissChan.B.HeheardfromMatthew.C.HespenttheschooldaywithBeth.D.HemetMissChan.Ihadmixedfeelingstoday,nervous,worried,happy,excited…MyheartwentdownwhenMissChan,ourheadteacher,saidthatMatthewandBeth,twostudentsfromEngland,wouldspendthreemonthswithus!IwasworriedthatIhadtospeakEnglishsomuch!Butattheendoftheschoolday,IwashappierthanIthought:themorningwiththemtodaywasmoreenjoyablethanIexpected.第十四页，共66页。Whatmadetheshoestrangewas______.A.itscolourB.itssmellC.itssizeD.thatitwasasilkoneLittleTomdownthestreetcallsourdog"Thekeepdog".Zipisasheepdog.ButwhenTomtriestosay"Seep",itcomesout"keep".AndinawayTomisright.Zipisalwaysbringingthingshomeforustokeep!I'lltellyouaboutsomeofthem.Zip'sfirstpresentwasashoe.Itwasmadeofgreensilk.Wedidn'tknowhowZipfoundtheshoe.ButafteramomentMary,mybigsister,toldmetheshoehadastrangesmell.Inodded(点头)andheldmynose."Whatdoyouthinkitis?""Itsmellslikesomethingforcleaning.Ithinksomeonetriedtocleanaspot(污点)offtheshoe.Thenheputitatthedoortodry.""AlongcameZip.Andgood-byeshoe!"Isaid."Weshouldtakeitback.""Wecan't".saidmysistter."MaybelittleTomisright,"Marysaid."MaybeZipisakeepdog!"第十五页，共66页。定位原文如何解答5W1H题？分析选项寻读法读题第十六页，共66页。分析选项正确项1.同义替换间接信息题同义替换词性变换计算题化繁为简2.词性变换3.化繁为简第十七页，共66页。干扰项1.内容扩大缩小2.改变时态，未然当已然3.无中生有，主观臆想4.偷换概念，张冠李戴5.文不对题，答非所问第十八页，共66页。5W1H间接信息题直接信息题同义替换词性变换计算题化繁为简第十九页，共66页。一.直接信息题回到原文直接找到答案，不需要对信息加工的。第二十页，共66页。直接信息题In1816,PercyShelleyand19-year-oldMaryShelleyvisitedthepoetLordByronathishomeinSwitzerland.Becauseofthebadweathertheystayedindoorsreadinghorrorstories.Onenight,Byronaskedeveryonetowritetheirownstory.MaryShelleythoughtofherdreamandwrotethestoryFrankenstein.WherewasMaryShelleywhenshewrotethestoryFrankenstein?A.InEngland.B.InItaly.C.InSwitzerland.D.InFrance.第二十一页，共66页。直接信息题

MrSmithmademanytests(作试验)withdifferentanimalsandthemonkeywasthecleverestofalltheanimals.OnedayMrSmithputamonkeyinaroom.Healsoputsomesmallboxesinit.Inoneoftheboxestherewassomefood."Howlongwillittakethemonkeytofindthefood?"MrSmithsaidtohimself."Letmewaitandsee."Helefttheroomandwaitedoutside.Threeminuteslater,heputhiseyetothekeyhole(钥匙眼).Whatdidhesee?Hesawtheeyeofthemonkey.ThemonkeywasontheothersideofthedoorandlookedatMrSmiththroughthekeyhole.MrSmithmadetestswith__________.A.differentanimalsB.themonkeyonlyC.allthemonkeysD.allofthecleverestanimals第二十二页，共66页。直接信息题

Onedayhewentonalongwayalone.Beforehelefthome，hiswifesaid，Nowyouhaveallthesethings.Youneedthemonyourway.Takecareofyourthingsontheway.Hewenttothestation.Heboughtaticketandgotonthetrainwithit.Theoldmanboughtaticket_______.A.afterhegotonthetrainB.beforehegotonthetrainC.whentheconductortoldhimtobuyoneD.whenhefoundhehadnoticketwithhim第二十三页，共66页。

Leavesarenature'sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirroots.Theytakeagascalledcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheair.PlantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandCO2intoglucose.Glucoseisakindofsugar.Plantsuseglu¬coseasfoodforenergy(f&ft)togrow.ThewayplantsturnwaterandCO2intoglucoseiscalledphotosynthesis.Thatmeans"puttingtogetherwithlight."Achemicalcalledchlorophyllhelpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyllisgreen.Itgivesplantstheirgreencolor.1.WhereisCO2from?A.Ground.B.Roots.C.Sunlight.D.Air.直接信息题第二十四页，共66页。

Anoldladyinaplanehadablanket（毯子）overherheadandshedidnotwanttotakeitoff.Theairhostessspoketoher,buttheoldladysaid,“Ihaveneverbeeninaplanebefore,andIamfrightened.Iamgoingtokeepthisblanketovermyheaduntilwearebackonthegroundagain!”

……1.Anoldladyhad_________.A.glassesB.ablanketoverherheadC.acoatD.abasket2._________spoketoher.A.TheairhostessB.ThemannexttoherC.herhusbandD.oneofherfriends直接信息题第二十五页，共66页。AttheBarber'sShop(理发店)

Jackwenttoabarber'sshopandhadhishaircut,butwhenhecameout,hewasnothappywiththeresult(结果).WhenhisfriendBobsawhim,helaughedandsaid,"Whathashappenedtoyourhair,Jack?"Jacksaid,"Itriedanewbarber'sshoptoday,becauseIwasn'tquitesatisfiedwithmyoldone,butthisoneseemsevenworse."Bobagreed(同意)."Yes,Ithinkyou'reright,Jack.NowI'lltellyouwhattodowhenyougointoabarber'sshopnexttime:lookatallthebarber'shair,findoutwhosehairlooksworst,andthengostraighttohim.""WhyshallIgotohim?"Jackasked."Butthatwouldbefoolish!""Oh,no,itwouldn't,"answeredBob."Whocutthatman'shair?Justthinkit.Hecouldn'tcutithimself,couldhe?Anotherofthebarberscutit.Soyouknowhecan'tbetheworstbarber."BobtoldJacktofindoutwhichbarber'shairlookedtheworstandthengostraighttohim.Why?A.Becausehewascertainlythebestbarber.B.Becausehewasfreeallthetime.C.Becausehewastheworstbarber.D.Becausehewasn'ttheworstbarber.第二十六页，共66页。MrPerkin'sNewCarMrPerkinstoodatthebus-stopandwatchedthecarsgoby.ManyofthecarswerenewBeta400s,andmostofthemwereyellow.MrPerkinalwaysworethesameclothesasothermen,atethesamefoodasotherpeople,anddidthesamethingsafterwork,andattheendoftheweek,MrPerkindidnotliketobedifferent.Thefollowingweek,MrPerkinboughtanew,brightyellowBeta400s.Hewassatisfiedwithit,anddrovetoworkinittheverynextday.Hewasevenmoresatisfiedwithhisnewcar,whenhesawalltheotherBeta400s,infront,behind,andonbothsidesofhim.MrPerkinparked(停车)hiscarinabigcar-park(停车场)nearhisoffice,andwalkedtherestoftheway.Butwhenhecamebackatfiveo'clock,thereweresomanybrightyellowBeta400sinthecar-parkthathedidnotknowwhichcarwashis.Hetriedhiskeyinsomeofthecars,butpeoplepassingbygavehimalookhedidn'tlike.Sohestopped.PoorMrPerkinhadtowaitnearlytwohoursuntilhiswastheonlyyellowBeta400sinthecar-park.第二十七页，共66页。1.Hedrovetoworkinhisnewcar____.A.theverynextday.B.thedayheboughtit.C.aweekheboughtin.D.onthedayhefirstwatchedthecarspassing.2.MrPerkinhadtowaituntil____.A.therewasonlyoneyellowBeta400sinthecar-park.B.therewasonlyonecarinthecar-park.C.therewerenobrightyellowcarsinthecar-park.D.therewasnooneabouttolookathim.第二十八页，共66页。5W1H间接信息题直接信息题同义替换词性变换计算题化繁为简第二十九页，共66页。二.间接信息题回到原文找到相关信息，需要对信息进行加工，最后得出答案。第三十页，共66页。1.同义替换意思相同，用词不同第三十一页，共66页。BornintheUSAin1940，LeereturnedtohisnativeHongKongbeforehisbirthday．Asateenager，thehighlyintelligentboywasacceptedintooneofHongKong’smostfamousmiddleschoolsbuthepaidlittleattentiontohisstudies.Hewasmoreinterestedinsport，especiallykungfu，andhangingoutwithhisstreet-gangfriends.In1959，Leegotintotroublewiththepoliceforfighting．Hismother，fearinghewouldendupinprison，senthimtotheUSA。Twoyearslater，hebeganstudyingatuniversitythere．1.ASateenager,Leewasvery____．A.quietB.hard—workingC.braveD.smartintelligent:adj.聪明的;理解力强的;有智力的1.同义替换第三十二页，共66页。AyoungmanaskedAlbertEinstein,thegreatGermanscientist,whatthesecretofsuccessis.Thescientisttoldhimthatthesecretofsuccessishardwork.Afewdayslatertheyoungmanaskedthesamequestionagain.Einsteinwasveryannoyed.Hedidnotsayanything,butwroteafewwordsonapieceofpaper.Onitwaswritten:A=X+Y+Z.“Whatdoesthismean?”askedtheyoungman.“Ameans“success””explainedtheoldscientist.“Xstandsforhardwork,Yforgoodmethod(方法)andZmeansstoptalkingandgetdowntowork.”InEinstein’sopinionthesecretofsuccesswas________.A.toworkwithgreatenergy(精力，活力)B.tostudyharddayandnightC.tolearnfromgreatscientistsD.toraise(提出)questionsasmanyasyoucould1.同义替换第三十三页，共66页。ItwasdifficultforMr.Kingtostandbecause____.A.hehaddrunktoomuchB.thebuswastoosmallC.hegotonthebustoolateD.itwasverycrowdedinthebusItwasSundayyesterday.Therewasabigfootballmatchoftheyearontheplaygroundinthecentreofthecity.Mr.Kinglikesthegameverymuchandofcoursehewasgoingtowatchit.Withhisfriends’helphegotaticketafewdaysago.Afterbreakfasthehurriedtothebusstop,butalotofpeoplewerewaitingthere.Abuscameandhehardlygoton.Therewereplentyofpeopleinitanditwasdifficultforthemtoputtheirfeet.Hehadtogrip(抓住)thebackofachair.Atthenextstopaboygotonthebus.HelookedaroundandsawMr.King’sbeardandgripit.Themanfounditatonceandcalledout,“Letgoof(松开)mybeard,boy!”第三十四页，共66页。ThestoryhappenedduringtheSecondWorldWar(战争).AnoldmanlivedinasmalltownofGermany.Hehadthreesonsandtheyallworkedinthesamefactorywherehehadworked.Afterthewarhadbegun,hissonswereallmadetojointhearmyoneafteranotherandtheyalldiedinthefights.Theoldmanwasverysad.hedidn’thaveenoughfoodandwasoftenhungry.Andnobodyhelpedhimandhedidn’tknowhowtogoinliving.Theoldmanwassadbecause________.A.histhreesonsalldiedduringthewarB.HisthreesonshadtojointhearmyC.HehadnofoodorclothesD.Helivedinthesmalltownalone第三十五页，共66页。Morethansevenhundredyearsago,thePrinceofWaleshadaverybigandbravedogcalledGelert.OnedaythePrincewantedtogohunting(打猎)withhismen.Hetoldhisdogtostayathomeandlookafterhisbabyson.Thebabywasinawoodencradle(摇篮),whichwaslikeasmallbed.ThePrincetoldthedogto_____whenhewasleaving.A.watchthedoorB.takecareofhisbabyathomeC.welcomehisfriendsD.stopthestrangers第三十六页，共66页。Treesmustbegrownin______.A.ChinaB.theUSAC.somecountriesD.everypartoftheworldIn1620,abouthalftheUSAwascovered(覆盖)byforests.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,leavingonlysand(沙地).Chinadoesn'twanttocopy(抄)theUSA'sexample.We'replantingmoreandmoretrees.We'vebuiltthe"GreatGreenWall"oftreesacrossnorthern(北部的)partofourcountry.TheGreatGreenWallis7,000kilometreslong,andbetween400and1,700kilometreswide.Itwillstopthewindfromblowingtheearthaway.Itwillstopthesandfrommovingtowardstherichfarmland(农田)inthesouth.More"GreatGreenWalls"areneeded.Treesmustbegrownallovertheworld.GreatGreenWallswillmaketheworldbetter.第三十七页，共66页。Myfriendisataxidriver.Hehasbeenataxidriverfortenyears.It’sanicejobmostofthetime.Hecanmeetalotofpeople.Healwaysworksatnightbecausethereistoomuchtrafficduringtheday.Heusuallygoeshomebetweentwoo’clockinthemorning.Therearesomeverystrangethings,whichoftenhappenatnight.Onedaymyfriendwastakingawomanbackhomefromapartyatthreeo’clockinthemorning.Shehadherlittledogwithher.Whentheygottoherhouse,shefoundshehadlostherkey.Somyfriendwaitedinthecarwiththedogwhilesheclimbedinthroughthewindow.Myfriendwaitedandwaited.Afterhalfanhourofhonkinghedecidedtofindoutwhatwasgoingon.Hetiedthedogtoatreeandstartedtoclimbinthroughthewindow.Atthatmomentsomepolicemencame.Theythoughtmyfriendwasathief.Luckily,thewomancamedownstairs.Shemusthavegonetosleepandforgottenaboutmyfriendandthedog.Thewomanclimbedinthroughthewindowbecause____.A.shewantedtohaveasleepB.herhusbanddidn’topenthedoorforherC.shedidn’twanttopaythemoneyD.shecouldn’tfindherkey第三十八页，共66页。Accordingtothepassage,Helen’sparents______.A.allowedhertodoasshewishedB.gavehertoomanygiftsandsweets.C.didnotspendmuchtimewithherD.caredlittleabouthereducation.

OnMarch3,1887,thelivesoftwoamazingwomenwerechangedforeverwhenAnneSullivan,apooruniversitygraduate,arrivedatthehomeofthewealthyKellerfamilytoteachtheirsix-year-olddaughterHelen.ItwasadifficultjobasHelenwasunabletosee,hearorspeakbecauseofillness.AnnehadbeensuggestedtotheKellersbyheruniversityprofessor,aclosefriendofMr.Keller.Beforeshearrived,Anneexpectedhernewpupiltobeaquiet,weakchild.ButHelenwasnothinglikethat.WhenAnnefirstwalkedthroughtheKellers’door,theenergeticHelennearlyknockedheroverinherhurrytofeelAnne’sface,clothingandbag.

第三十九页，共66页。Helenwasusedtovisitorsbringinghersweets,andangrilytriedtoforceopenAnne’scasetotakehercandy.ButAnnecalmedherdownbyallowingHelentoplaywithherwatch.Sobeganoneofthemostsuccessfulstudent-teacherrelationshipsinhistory.AnneSullivanwasonlytwentyyearsoldwhenshebeganteachingHelen.Shehadtonotonlyteachthechildalltheusualschoolsubjects,butalsocontrolHelen’ssometimeswildbehaviour.Herwell-meaningparentsallowedHelentodoasshelikedathome.Realizingthatsuchanenvironmentwasunsuitableforlearning,AnnerequestedthatsheandHelenliveinasmallhousenearby.AssoonasHelenbeganlearning,itbecameclearthatshewasespeciallyintelligent.Shequicklylearnedtoreadandwrite,andbytheageoftenshecouldalsospeak.In1900,HelenstartedstudyingatRadcliffeUniversity,andgraduatedfirstinherclassin1904.Shewastheveryfirstblindanddeafpersontogetauniversitydegree.HowdidshedoitAnneSullivanreadallofHelen’sbooksandthensignedtheinformationintoherhand.AnneremainedatHelen’ssideuntilherdeathin1936.Helenbecameaworld-famouswriter,andfoughtfordisabledpeople’srightsuntilherdeathonJun1,1968.第四十页，共66页。Accordingtothepassage,Helen’sparents______.A.allowedhertodoasshewishedB.gavehertoomanygiftsandsweets.C.didnotspendmuchtimewithherD.caredlittleabouthereducation.AnneSullivanwasonlytwentyyearsoldwhenshebeganteachingHelen.Shehadtonotonlyteachthechildalltheusualschoolsubjects,butalsocontrolHelen’ssometimeswildbehaviour.Herwell-meaningparentsallowedHelentodoasshelikedathome.Realizingthatsuchanenvironmentwasunsuitableforlearning,AnnerequestedthatsheandHelenliveinasmallhousenearby.第四十一页，共66页。2.词性变换形容词变动词，动词变名词……第四十二页，共66页。

Mr.Kingisatallandstrongman.HeteachesP.E.inamiddleschool.Hewearsalongbeard(胡子)andtakesgoodcareofit.2.词性变换Mr.Kingisa_____.A.playerB.runnerC.teacherD.driverA第四十三页，共66页。Ifyouare_______something，youmaysay，“It’scool.”A.interestedinB.angryaboutC.afraidofD.unhappywith“Cool”isawordwithmanymeanings.Itsoldmeaningisusedtoexpress(表达)atemperaturethatisalittlebitcold.Astheworldhaschanged，thewordhashadmanydifferentmeaning.“Cool”canbeusedtoexpressfeelingsofinterestinalmostanything.Whenyouseeafamouscarinthestreet，maybeyouwillsay，“It’scool.”Youmaythink，“He’ssocool，”whenyouseeyourfavouritefootballer.第四十四页，共66页。3.计算题以howold,howmanytimes,howlong,howmany,howmuch,whatpercentage等为标志词。一般情况下，其选项全部为数字。第四十五页，共66页。MarywasbornintoarichLondonfamilyinAugust1797.Shewaseducatedbyherparentsandwhenshewas13decidedtobecomeawriter.In1812,shemetthefamouswriterPercyShelleyandtheysoongotmarried.SadlyforMary,theirfirstchilddiedsoonafterbirthinItaly.Inherdiary,Marywroteaboutadream:"Idreamtthatmylittlebabycametolifeagain-thatithadonlybeencoldandthatwerubbeditbeforethefireanditlived."In1816,PercyShelleyand19-year-odlMayvisitedthepoetLordByronathishomeinSwitzerland.Becauseofthebadweathertheystayedindoorsreadinghorrorstories.Onenight,Byronaskedeveryonetowritetheirownstory.MarythoughtofherdreamandwrotethestoryFrankenstein.FrankensteinwaspublishedwhenMarywas21,andbecameahugesuccess.Manypeopledidn'tthinka19-year-oldwomancouldwritesowellandbelievedherhusbandwastherealwriter.Althoughfamous,Shelley'slifewasfullofsadness.Onlyoneofherfourchildrenlivedandin1822herhusbanddiedinaswimmingaccident.Marywasbroken-heartedanddecidednottomarryagain.Shedevotedherselftoherchildandcontinuedtowriteuntilherdeathin1851.HowoldwasMaryShelleywhenshedied?A.43B.48C.51D.54第四十六页，共66页。4.化繁为简把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化第四十七页，共66页。Whilestillastudent，Leeopenedhisownkungfuschool，teachinganewfightingstylehehaddeveloped．WhatmadeLee'sstyledifferentwasthatitusedpower，strengthandquick—actionattacks．Italsocombined(融合)Japanese，KoreanandSouthAmericanfightingstyleswithtraditionalstow—movingChinesekungfu．HowwasLee'sstyleofkungfudifferentfromthetraditionalChinesestyle?A.Itwasmuchfaster．B.ItwaseasiertoIearn。C.Itmadepeoplemorepowerful．D.Itwasmuchmoredangerous，第四十八页，共66页。TheancientChinesealsoflewkitestobringgoodluckandtomaketheircrops(农作物)growrichandtall.Sometimestheytiedlongstrings(细绳)andhooks(钩)totheirkites.Thentheywouldflythekitesoverwater,lettingthehookshangdowntocatchfish.InancientChinakitescouldbeusedfor___.A.catchingfish

B.helpingpeopleflyC.wateringthecropsD.helpingpeoplewalkinthedark第四十九页，共66页。5W1H是非题排序题细节题的类别间接信息题直接信息题第五十页，共66页。是非题选项是若干个陈述句，判断正误。Whichofthefollowingistrue?WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Whichofthefollowing(下列)isright?Whichisnotwrong?……找一找特征词设问方式：第五十一页，共66页。是非题，怎么做？定位，找出选项在原文中的出处。A对照分析选项B第五十二页，共66页。Whichisnotwrong?A.Joan'smotherisagooddoctor.B.Therearethreepeopleinherfamily.C.TheyliketoeattheChinesefoodalot.D.ThefamilyareallinChina.JoanisanAmericangirl.ShelivesinChinanow.Sheisinmyclass.HerparentsworkinChina,too,butherbrotherworksintheU.S.A.Heoftenwritesletterstothem.JoanlikesChineseclassverymuch,andlikesspeakingChinesewithusafterclass.HerfatherteachesusEnglishwell.Wealllikehisclass.OnSundays,JoangoestothePeople'sParkwithherfatherandmother.Sometimesshegoesshoppingwithhermother.TheyliketheChinesefoodverymuch.It'sahappyfamily.第五十三页，共66页。

InEngland,afternoonteaisthemostinformal(非正式)mealofaday.Itistakenbetweenfourandfive.Ifyouareafriendofthefamily,youmaycomeforteaatanytime.Veryoftenitisnottakenatatable.Themembersofthefamilyandvisitorstaketheteainthesittingroom.Eachpersonhasacupandsaucer(茶盘),aspoon(调羹)andasmallplateforbreadandbutter(黄油)andcakes.Bytheway,donothelpyourselftocakesfirst,breadandbutterfirst,andthencake.Doremember:Thoughyoucaneatasmuchasyouwant,donotputmorethanonepieceofbreadorcakeonyourplateeachtime.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Peopledon'tusethesamespoonforafternoontea.B.Afternoonteaisoftentakeninthesittingroom.C.Forafternoontea,peopleusecupsonly.D.Afternoonteaisoftentakenwithbreadandcakes.第五十四页，共66页。

Britishnewspapersaremuchsmallerthantheyusedtobeandtheirreadersareofteninahurry,sonewspapermenwriteasfewwordsaspossible.Theytelltheirreadersatoncewhathappened,where,whenandhowithappenedandwhatwastheresult:howmanypeoplewerekilled,whatchangewasdoneandsoon.Readerswantthefact(事实)setoutasfullyandaccuratelyaspossible.Readersarealsointerestedinthepeoplewhohaveseentheaccident.Soanewspapermanalwayslikestogetsomeinformation(信息)fromsomeonewhowasthere,whichcanbegivenintheperson'sownwords.Becausehecanuseonlyafewwords,thenewspapermanmustchoosethosewordscarefully,everyonemustbeeffective(有效).Insteadof"hecalledoutinaloudvoice",hewrites"heshouted";insteadof"theloosestonesrollednoisilydownthesideofthemountain",hewillwrite"theythundereddownthemountainside".Becausemanyofthereadersaren'tveryclever,andmostofthemareinahurry.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Readersarenotsatisfiedwiththeshortnews.B.Notmanypeoplehavetimetoreadthelongarticlesinnewspapers.C.Readersfindthelanguageofthenewspapersexciting.D.Newspapermentrytoreportasfullyaspossible.第五十五页，共66页。Whatistrueaboutnervousnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Itusuallyhasonlyonecause.B.itisusuallycausedbypeople.C.Peoplecaneasilymanageit.D.Mostpeoplesufferfromit.第五十六页，共66页。Iamaprofessorofsportsandexercise,soIoftendealwithnervousnessinmyresearchwithsportspeople.Actuaily,mostpeopteexperiencenervousnessatsometimeoranother.Ifyouarefeelinganxious,myadviceistofirstfindthecauseorcauses.Makealistofthosethingsthataremakingyounervousandworkoutwhichonesyoucandosomethingabout.Focusallofyoureffortsonmanagingthecausesthatyoucancontrol.Mostpeoplecannottellthedifferencebetweencontrollable(可控制的)anduncontrollablecauses,sothingstheycan'tcontrolbecomeabigreasonfornervousness.Dealingwiththisisveryimportantifpeoplewanttokeepahealthymind.Simplytrytoaccepttheuncontrollablecausesofnervousness.Youmightbeworriedabouttheweatheronabigday,anaccidentoranattackonthetrain,orperhapsjustthingsthatotherpeoplearedoingatwork.Theresultsmaybe

第五十七页，共66页。Whatistrueaboutnervousnessaccordingtothepassage?A.Itusuallyhasonlyonecause.B.itisusuallycausedbypeople.C.Peoplecaneasilymanageit.D.Mostpeoplesufferfromit.veryimportantbutthereisstillnouseworryingbecauseyoucan'tcontrolanyofthesethings.Acceptthatyoucan'tcontroleverything.Onceyouunderstandthis,itbecomeseasiernottoworry.Ifasituation,suchasswimming,iscausingyoutobeanxious,trytofaceitasoftenaspossiblesothatyoucangetusedtoit.Itcanoftenhelptothinkaboutyourselfdoingthethingthat