2024届北京四中高三第二次诊断性检测英语试卷含解析

2024届北京四中高三第二次诊断性检测英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Thiscourseisofgreatinteresttostudents,_____toimprovetheirwritingskills.A．hopeB．tohopeC．hopingD．hoped2．Itisreallycoldandthegroundiswet;it________haverainedlastnight.A．might B．mustC．can D．should3．John,________moneywasnownoproblem,startedanewcompanywithhisfriends.A．forwhose B．ofwhoseC．ofwhom D．forwhom4．ThatWasthefirsttimeshealoneathomeduringtheweekends，boredtodeath．A．hasleftB．hasbeenleftC．hadleftD．hadbeenleft5．––Aretherepairsfinishedyet?––Yes,they______whenIcamebackhome.A．wouldbecompletedB．wouldcompleteC．hadcompletedD．hadbeencompleted6．一"Peter,haveyougotyournewflatfurnished?—Yes.I______someusedfurnitureanditwasarealbargain.A．willbuyB．haveboughtC．boughtD．hadbought7．Theyfelt________itwashightaxandlowincome________contributedtotheextrememiseryoftheworkingpeopleatthebottomoftheladder.A．/；that B．that;whichC．that;what D．/;which8．Yourredcoatlookssogood.Itstoodoutclearly______thesnow.A．acrossB．againstC．throughD．over9．—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—______?Maryisinterested.A．Whatfor B．WhynotC．Sowhat D．Whybother10．Ifyouseethingsinanegativelight,youwillfindfaultseverywhereandproblemswheretherearereally________．A．noneB．someC．manyD．nothing11．---Ican’tthinkwhyhe_____soangry.Imeantnooffence.---It’stypicalofhimtobesensitive.A．shouldhavebeen B．musthavebeenC．mighthavebeen D．canhavebeen12．Ican________Diana’sthoughtsfromthechangesinherfacialexpressions.A．readB．noticeC．countD．watch13．Itisbeyondawkwardwheneveryonearoundyou______________laughingatajokethatyoudonotfindfunny,especiallyifit’sajoketoldinaforeignlanguage.A．runinto B．burstsoutC．yellsout D．fallsinto14．—PityyoumissedGeorge'swedding.—Well,I________.A．haven'tbeeninvitedB．wouldn'tbeinvitedC．hadn'tbeeninvitedD．amnotinvited15．Thehealthofgardenplantsdependsonthesoil_____--theproperbalanceofmineralpieces,organicmatter,airandwater.A．constructionB．conservationC．corporationD．composition.16．Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourfinances,noonecan_______whentheunexpectedwillhappen.A．prove B．implyC．demand D．predict17．Heisabad-temperedfellow,buthe________bequitecharmingwhenhewishes.A．shall B．shouldC．can D．must18．Peterson,agreatarchaeologist,said:“Archaeologistshavebeenextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievethattheministrywas________thisproblem,butwefeelthatwecan'twaitanylonger.”A．lookingout B．bringingout C．carryingout D．sortingout19．Thestadium________standsatheatrewillbereconstructed.A．besidewhich B．forwhichC．when D．which20．Havingbattledwiththeir_______overwhethertoofferhelptoanagedmanorwomanwhohasfallenover,mostpeoplechoosetohelp.A．compromise B．contradictionC．conscience D．competence第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）ThenotetapedtothehoststandatthePrimeRibsaysitall.“Wefoughtthebattlethelongest,butwegivein!”itreads.“It’snowacompletelyinformalworld;theywearwhatevertheywish.Theywantawarm,easy,friendlyatmosphere,evenin“finedining.’Sowedecidedtogowiththeflow.”Yes,afteralmosthalfacentury,ThePrimeRibhasswitchedtobusinesscasual.Itisamongmostoftoday’sfinestdiningestablishments---includingCharleston,TheBlackOlive,andTheCapitalGrille---thathavedecidedtolightenup.Theyhavegivenupcaringtoomuchaboutwhattheirguestsaredressedinasbefore,adoptingacome-as-you-areattitude.Attheserestaurants,you’relikelytoseecasualclothessuchaskhakis(trousersmadeofkhakicloth)andHawaiianshirts.“We’reabusinessfirst,”saysDavidDerewicz,generalmanageroftheimpressivediningestablishment.“Andwewerelosingbusinesswithourjacketrequirements.”Hekeptalistofover20peoplewhotoldhim,“Ifyoudropthejacketpolicy,we’llcomeback.”Oncethedresscodeshiftwasseriouslybeingconsidered,Derewiczmadedozensofphonecallstolong-timeguests.Mostsaidtheydidn’tmindthechangeaslongastherestaurantitself…withitswhitetablecloths,darkleatherchairs,grandpiano,andtuxedoedwaitstaff---stayedthesame.“Sincethechangewasintroducedlastsummer,we’venotlostaguest,”saysDerewicz.OnasecretnightatThePrimeRib,thescenewasprettymuchthesameasit’severbeen…lotsofmeninjacketsandties,someinshirtsandslacks,butnowtheoccasionalkhakisandpoloshirtsthrownin.Itturnsoutthatpeopleareprettycapableofpolicingthemselves,evenwithoutaformaldresscode.WhilesometraditionalistsmayarguethatThePrimeRib9sreputationhasbeendamagedabit,Derewiczfeelsthattherestauranthasmovedaheadandfinallystrengthenedtheirband.1、ThePrimeRib’snotemainlytellspeopleabout.A．itslonghistoryB．itspleasantatmosphereC．itschangeindresscodeD．itsbattlewithotherrestaurants2、Theunderlinedwords“lightenup”inparagraph4probablymean“”.A．followalongtraditionB．takeamatterlessseriouslyC．makesomethingcontinueasbeforeD．helpeachothertoachievesomething3、AccordingtoDerewicz,followingtheformaldresscodemeans.A．furtherdevelopmentB．abetterreputationC．lowefficiencyD．failingprofits4、WhatdoweknowaboutThePrimeRibnow?A．Itispraisedbysometraditionalists.B．Thepolicecometoprotectitsguests.C．Mostofitsguestsstillwearformalclothes.D．Mostpeoplegothereinkhakisandpoloshirts.22．（8分）Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.Thescientistsinvited36peopleofdifferentagestothelabandhadthemsitquietlyonafixedbicyclefor10minutesor,onaseparatevisit,pedalthebicycleatapacesogentlethatitbarelyraisedtheirheartrates.Italsowasshort,lastingforonly10minutes.Immediatelyaftereachsessionofthesittingorslowpedaling,thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,atree,followedbyavarietyofotherimagesandthenanewimageofeitherthesametreeorasimilarone.Thepeoplewouldpressbuttonstoshowwhethertheythoughteachimagewasneworthesameasanearliershot.Thetestisdifficult,sincemanyoftheimagescloselyresembleoneanother.Itrequiresrapid,skillfulscanningrecentmemoriestodecidewhetherapictureisneworknown.Next,thescientistshadeachpeoplerepeatthisprocess--ridingorsittingonthebikefor10minutesandthencompletingmemorytesting--butthetestingnowtookplaceinsideanM.R.I.machine(磁共振成像仪)thatscannedthepeople'sbrainswhiletheyrespondedtotheimages.Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.Theeffectsoftheexercisewereclear.Thepeoplewerebetteratrememberingimagesaftertheyhadriddenthebike,especiallywhentheimagesmostcloselyresembledoneanother.Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.TheM.R.I.scansshowedthatmemorypartsofeachpeople'sbrainlitupatthesametimewithpartsofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,indicatingthatthesephysicallyseparatepartsofthebrainwerebetterconnectednowthanwhenthepeoplehadnotfirstexercised.1、Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A．Byfillingupquestionnaires.B．Byinterviewingmanypeople.C．Bycomparingexperimentdata.D．Byreferringtohistoricalreports.2、Whomightbenefitmostfromthestudyresult?A．Themarketerspromotingfixedbicycles.B．Theyoungpeoplecrazyaboutbodybuilding.C．Thewhitecollarsdoinglong-termmentalwork.D．Theblue-collarsdoingheavyphysicallaborwork.3、Whichofthefollowingstatementsagreeswiththestudyresult?A．Thelightexerciseisonlygoodforyoungpeople.B．Themoretheexerciseis,thebetterthebrainworks.C．Theexercisecancoordinatedifferentpartsofthebody.D．Theexercisehasmorepositiveeffectwhenthebrainworksharder.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Eventenminutes'exercisemaybegoodforthebrainB．ThereisnoneedforhumansdoingexerciseeverydayC．Onlytenminutes'lightexercisebenefitstheyoungmostD．Exercisecanchangepeople'sbrainsandmindsinalongtime23．（8分）Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact.black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew“greenboards”madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword“chalkboard”asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but“blackboard”stillstuckaround.1、Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A．Blackboard. B．ChalkboardC．Greenboard D．Miniboard.2、Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．TomakeenoughspaceC．Todrawstudents’attention D．Toarousestudents’interest3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe“greenboard”?A．They'relighterinweight. B．They'remoreconvenienttotransportC．They’reeasiertoerasethepowder. D．They’remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones4、What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Introductionoftheblackboard B．Originoftheblackboard.C．Coloroftheblackboard. D．Functionoftheblackboard.24．（8分）Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattackedotherplants.Exceptforitsflower,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.Itsalmostleafless,thread-likestemshangdownontopofotherplantsthatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsfoodfromotherplants.Itfeedsbysuckingjuicesfromtheplantwhichiswrappedaround,oftenmakingitshostveryweakorevenkillingit.Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whenayoungdodderplantstartsgrowing,itfollowsthesmellofplantsitprefers,liketomatoplants,potatoplants,orotherfarmcrops.Unlikemostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,adodderplantwillgrowinthedirectionof,forexample,tomatosmell-ifatomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.However,ayoungdodderplantmustfindahostplantquickly.Itnolongerneedsitsrootonceitisattachedtothehostandwrappedaroundit.Ifitcannotcatchasmellofpotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryupandvanishevenifthereisplentyofwateraround.Onceitfindsahost,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstartgrowingfaster.Atthatpointthedodderplantwilldropitsroot.Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers.Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer’sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.Beforesowingtheirproduce,especiallyfarmersinwarmpartsoftheworldoftenchecktomakesurenounwanteddodderseedshavemixedwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostopdodderplantsfrommakingtheirwaytoacropfieldsecretly.1、Whydoestheauthormentionspaghettiinthefirstparagraph?A．Toanalyzethecontentofsomefood. B．Tointroducethetopicofthispassage.C．Totelltheusageofthedodderplants. D．Todescribetheshapeofdodderplants.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．invade B．growC．escape D．disappear3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Dodderdoesn’tproduceitsownfood. B．Doddergivesoffsmelltoattractplants.C．Doddercanaffectfarmer’sincome. D．Doddercanonlysurviveintheshade.4、Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanewvarietyoffarmcrops.B．Tointroduceplantsthatareharmfultohumans.C．Tointroducethespecialabilitiesofadangerousplant.D．Tointroducerecentimprovementsinfarmingmethods.25．（10分）RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume(音量)andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnology,yousetyourownheadsetvolume,whileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute(静音)ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.Orperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgame.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartip,notusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.Thistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandable.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists(听觉学家)nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!“MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.Asaretiredeardoctor,IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.”—RobertForbes,M.D,CACustomerRecommendedTVEars!“NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!Hecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialogue.”—Darlene&JackB,CARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfied,returnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-78321、TVEarshelpsyou_____.A．improveyoursleepingqualityB．listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC．changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD．becomeinterestedinballgameprograms2、WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A．ItcaneasilysetTVonmute. B．Itsheadsetvolumeisadjustable.C．Ithasanewnoisereductioncartip. D．Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology.3、Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_____.A．usingrecommendations B．offeringreasonsforthisinventionC．providingstatistics. D．showingtheresultsofexperiments.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Myparentsowneda500-acrefarminMontanawhenIwasyoung.Lifetherewasfillednotjustwithfunandgamesbut1aswell.Thelambingseasonwasespeciallyhard.Montana’sfreezingspringweatherkeptmyparentswatching2mamasatallhoursofthedayandnight3anewbornlamb.Itwasduringthistimeofnewlifethatmyfavoritechildhoodmemory4.Oneexceptionally5day,mymotherspiedasheeptryingtodeliverherbabylambandneededour6.Mymothercalmlyheldthesheep’sheadand7metogetholdofthelamb’sprotruding(伸出)legs.I8andmusthavehadalookofpaniconmyface.Thelittlethingswere9notsomethingIwantedtotouch.ButI10mycourageandwrappedmyfingers11them.Icanstillrememberthe12oftheunexpectedlydelicatelegs.Myheartbeatinfearandexcitement13Ipulledwithallmystrength.Thelambwasdelivered!Iwasno14toseeingfarmanimalsbeingborn,buttohavea15initwassomethingIwillcherishforever.I’msureeveryonegotvery16hearingmetellandretellmyheroicstory.Lookingback,I’msogladthatIdidn’t17togetmyhandsdirty,IfIhad,themiraculousmomentandthepreciousmemorywouldhavebeen18.Itrytoinstill(逐渐灌输)thatlife19intomychildren.Sometimesyouneedtogetyourhandsalittledirtytoexperiencesomething20andpure.1、A．pleasureB．dangerC．dilemmaD．hardship2、A．pregnantB．workingC．desperateD．sleeping3、A．attheriskofB．incaseofC．freefromD．inexchangefor4、A．fadedB．tookplaceC．impressedD．brokedown5、A．warmB．coldC．mildD．hot6、A．noticeB．supportC．helpD．operation7、A．beggedB．invitedC．forbadeD．instructed8、A．wonderedB．resistedC．suspectedD．hesitated9、A．surelyB．hardlyC．onlyD．hopefully10、A．lostB．gatheredC．searchedD．lacked11、A．beyondB．throughC．aroundD．in12、A．feelB．pointC．sightD．thought13、A．becauseB．asC．ifD．unless14、A．strangerB．beginnerC．newcomerD．speaker15、A．memoryB．handC．lookD．difference16、A．proudofB．excitedaboutC．tiredofD．sorryfor17、A．refuseB．promiseC．chooseD．pause18、A．keptB．lostC．ignoredD．forgotten19、A．qualityB．skillC．lessonD．standard20、A．upsetB．funnyC．thrillingD．amazing第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Whenyou’reateenager,it’susualtofeellikeyourparentsare1．(constant)givingyouahardtime,whichmakesyou2．(confuse)However,maybeyoushouldtryputtingyourselfintheirshoesoncein3．whilebecause,accordingtoarecentstudy,parentswithteenagechildrenhavealottoputup4．.Inthestudy,2,000parentsofteenagerchildren5．(ask)atwhichagetheirchildrenhadbeenhardesttoraise.Itturnsout6．14-year-oldgirlsarethebiggestsourceofparentalstress.When7．(explain)whyteenagegirlsweresohardtobringup,parentstalkedabouttheirwildly-changingmoods.Teenageboysweremorelikelytoworrytheirparentsbyrefusingtocommunicateproperly.Mostparentsagreedthatgirlsmatured8．(fast)thanboys,whichmakesgirlsharder9．(handle)duetotheirgreaterdesireforindependence.Ifyoudisagreewiththese10．(find),maybeyoushouldreserveyourjudgmentuntilyouhaveteenagechildrenofyourown!第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwasintheGradeOne,IwasterriblepoorinEnglish、BesleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool、OnceIevenfailedinamid-termexam、WhileIgotthepapers,IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifIlistenedtotheteacherattentively、Myteachertoldme,"Yesterdayishistory、Todayisagift、IfyouburyyouintoEnglishnow,you'llmakeit、"Ican'tagreemuch、Fromthenon,Ibegantostudyharder、Outofmyexpectation,Imad